BIO Exam 4 Questions

Identify which answer choice places the steps that a bolus travels through the digestive tract in the correct order. 1-Large intestine, 2-Mouth, 3-Stomach, 4-Esophagus, 5-Pyloric sphincter, 6-Pharynx, 7-Esophageal sphincter, 8-Small intestine, 9-Anus, 10-Epiglottis

2, 6, 10, 4, 7, 3, 5, 8, 1, 9

Select the answer that places the four sections of the colon in correct "flow" order for the internal contents: 1-Transverse; 2-Sigmoid; 3-Ascending; 4-Descending

3, 1, 4, 2

Identify which answer choice places the steps of the digestive process in the correct order. 1-Secretion 2-Absorption 3-ELimination 4-Mechanical movement 5-Digestion

4, 1, 5, 2, 3

The figure above shows the organs of the digestive system (labeled A-F). Which organ produces bile?

A

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary gland and helps the body regulate its water balance by conserving water in the kidneys?

ADH

Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?

Absorption

Using the diagram above, identify each endocrine gland (A-G). Which letter represents the thyroid gland?

B

In the figure above, the structures of a taste bud match with the regions (A-D) identified on the diagram. Which letter represents a supporting nerve cell?

C

Using the diagram above, identify each endocrine gland (A-G). Which letter represents the thymus?

C

Which of the following is NOT a region of the small intestine?

Cecum

In the figure above, the structures of a taste bud match with the regions (A-D) identified on the diagram. Which letter represents a supporting cell?

D

Using the figure above, identify each endocrine gland (A-G). Which letter represents the adrenal gland?

D

Which disorder of the large intestine results in the formation of internal pouches?

Diverticulosis

The figure above shows the organs of the digestive system (labeled A-F). Which organ relies on peristalsis to move food to the stomach?

E

The figure above shows the organs of the digestive system (labeled A-F). Which organ releases hydrochloric acid to promote the digestion of proteins?

F

Using the figure above, identify each endocrine gland (A-G). Which letter represents the ovaries?

F

Gingivitis occurs when tooth decay causes inflammation of the enamel and pulp of the tooth.

False

Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels by stimulating the release of glucose from glycogen stores.

False

Segmentation is the primary means of mechanical breakdown of food in the digestive tract.

False

Sensory neurons, but not interneurons, are associated with the five special senses (taste, smell, hearing, vision, balance).

False

Stomach acid does not break down the wall of the stomach because gastric juice contains a powerful base that neutralizes the acid before it can cause damage.

False

The function of the liver is to produce bile only.

False

The vestibular apparatus located in the middle ear is a system of fluid-filled chambers that is essential to the sense of hearing.

False

Using the figure above, identify each endocrine gland (A-G). Which letter represents the testes?

G

Which digestive system disorder results in a type of malnutrition where individuals are consuming enough calories; however, their bodies do not get enough protein? The lack of protein then causes a swollen belly known as abdominal edema or a distended stomach.

Kwashiorkor

Which of the following nutrients does NOT need to be broken down into smaller units in order to be absorbed by the small intestine?

Lipids

What is the innermost layer of the gastrointestinal tract called?

Mucosa

Which nutrient type requires the most digestive enzymes?

Proteins

Thyroxine (T3) is released from the thyroid gland in response to the presence of _______.

TSH

________ extend from the tip of taste cells in taste buds into the mouth.

Taste hairs

Which of the following occurs when bright light hits the eye?

The pupil decreases in size.

Both eyes have a blind spot, an area where there are no photoreceptors. When an image is focused on the blind spot, it cannot be "seen."

True

Diets that include complex carbohydrates instead of simple carbohydrates are recommended because sugar is released more slowly into the body; in addition, these sugars provide fiber, vitamins, and minerals to the individual.

True

Steroid hormones bind to receptors in the nucleus to activate or deactivate genes.

True

Steroid hormones typically move across the cell and nuclear membranes to bind to receptors in the nucleus.

True

Stronger stimuli activate more receptors and trigger a greater frequency of action potentials in sensory neurons.

True

Taste hairs contain chemoreceptors that are specific for specific chemicals or tastants.

True

The condition known as acid reflux occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter malfunctions, allowing stomach fluid into the esophagus.

True

The levels of potassium and sodium in the body are regulated primarily by the hormone aldosterone.

True

The number of cases of type 2 diabetes is increasing mainly due to an increase in three major risk factors: obesity, insufficient exercise, and unhealthy diets.

True

Your body may stop responding to a stimulus even though the original stimulus is still present; this is a process referred to as receptor adaptation.

True

What specialized structure of the middle ear absorbs the sound waves from outside the head and transfers the vibrations through the three small bones within the middle ear to the organ that differentiates sounds?

Tympanic membrane

If diabetes is left untreated, which of the following could develop as a result? a. blindness b. kidney failure c. cardiovascular disorders d. neural disorders e. all of these

all of these

Which of the following conditions results when the transparency of the lens decreases? (Hint: the lens gets "cloudy")

cataracts

What type of receptors are most likely to be classified as "silent" receptors?

chemical receptors

Color blindness usually results from a decrease in the number of ______.

cones.

The pancreatic ducts connect to the small intestine at the ______.

deudenum.

Insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in _______.

dwarfism.

The process by which undigested material is removed from the gastrointestinal tract is _____.

elimination

The intensity of a sound is specifically associated with its ________.

energy.

An individual, driving through his neighborhood, suddenly jams on his car brakes to avoid hitting a child who runs into the road after a ball. A few seconds later, the driver finds that he is shaking and his heart is pounding. This is primarily due to the secretion of _________.

epinephrine from the adrenal medulla.

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of diabetes mellitus?

high sodium concentration in the blood and urine

Which of the following is required in the diet in order for active thyroid hormones to be produced? (Hint: without this the person may develop a goiter)

iodine

All of the following are accessory organs of the digestive tract EXCEPT the ________.

large intestine.

The layer of the GI tract wall that is responsible for motility is the _____.

muscularis.

Sound is amplified by components of the middle ear when they vibrate. When one of these components, the stapes, vibrates, the ________ will vibrate.

oval window

Which of the following structures is used to sense rotational movement of the head and body?

semicircular canals

The salivary glands include _______.

sublingual, parotid, and submandibular glands.

Nutrient rich blood moves from the small intestine to the liver via ________.

the hepatic portal system.

When oxytocin is released during childbirth, the hormone targets cells in the _____.

uterus