bio final quiz questions

What can the mouthparts of an animal tell you about its diet? A) Mouthparts of animals are specialized to obtain desired food items efficiently. B) Mouthparts provide clues about the type of digestion that goes on in the stomach. C) Mouthparts provide clues about the rate of nutrient absorption. D) Mouthparts of all animals are designed to reduce the size of the food particles ingested.

A) Mouthparts of animals are specialized to obtain desired food items efficiently.

Which of the following can be said about light in aquatic environments? A) Water selectively reflects and absorbs certain wavelengths of light. B) Photosynthetic organisms that live in deep water probably use red light. C) Longer wavelengths penetrate to greater depths. D) Light penetration seldom limits the distribution of photosynthetic species. E) Most photosynthetic organisms avoid the surface where the light is too intense.

A) Water selectively reflects and absorbs certain wavelengths of light.

A pseudostratified epithelium is composed of _____. A) a single layer of cells of variable height B) a hierarchical arrangement of flat cells C) a tight layer of square cells attached to a basement membrane D) alternating layers of thick and thin cells E) a stacked layer of ciliated, mucus-secreting cells

A) a single layer of cells of variable height

In a typical nerve cell, the nucleus is found in the _____. A) cell body B) synaptic terminals C) axonal region D) dendritic region E) synapse

A) cell body

Water loss from a terrestrial insect's surface is minimal due to which of the following structures? A) chitin and the cuticle B) tracheae and spiracles C) a proteinaceous epidermis D) a long alimentary canal

A) chitin and the cuticle

The digestive system of most animals is lined with cells through which nutrients are absorbed. What is the embryonic origin of these cells? A) endoderm B) ectoderm C) mesoderm

A) endoderm

The process of obtaining food is known as _____ and requires specialized mouthparts. A) ingestion B) digestion C) absorption D) excretion

A) ingestion

hich elements are most often the limiting nutrients for plant growth? A) nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus B) nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen C) carbon, sodium, chlorine D) carbon, nitrogen, oxygen E) carbon, potassium, sodium

A) nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus

Tissues functioning together make up _____. A) organs B) membranes C) organ systems D) organelles E) organisms

A) organs

The antennae of insects have a function most similar to that of _____. A) rhinophores B) dorsal plummules C) cerata D) chemoreceptors

A) rhinophores

) During exponential growth, a population always _____. A) grows by thousands of individuals B) grows at its maximum per capita rate C) quickly reaches its carrying capacity D) cycles through time E) loses some individuals to emigration

B) grows at its maximum per capita rate

4) Marine vertebrates are _____ to their environment. A) isotonic B) hypotonic C) hypertonic D) osmotonic

B) hypotonic

Considering the global carbon cycle, which of the following is the largest reservoir of carbon? A) terrestrial ecosystems B) oceans C) atmosphere D) algae in lakes and streams

B) oceans

Echinoderms _____. A) have an exoskeleton of hard calcareous plates B) often use tube feet to move around in their environment C) digest their food outside of the organism D) circulate hemolymph in their water vascular system E) are most often found in freshwater environments

B) often use tube feet to move around in their environment

Which of the following is a characteristic of all chordates at some point during their life cycle? A) jaws B) post-anal tail C) scales D) four-chambered heart E) vertebrae

B) post-anal tail

Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by _____. A) cardiac muscle B) smooth muscle C) voluntary muscle D) striated muscle E) skeletal muscle

B) smooth muscle

In the process of alternation of generations, the _____. A) sporophyte is haploid and produces gametes B) sporophyte is diploid and produces spores C) gametophyte is haploid and produces spores D) gametophyte is diploid and produces gametes E) spores unite to form a zygote

B) sporophyte is diploid and produces spores

What is the function of the osmotic gradient found in the kidney? The osmotic gradient allows for _____. A) electrolytes to move from low to high concentrations in the absence of ATP B) the precise control of the retention of water and electrolytes C) the loop of Henle to deliver water to the renal vein D) the filtration of large cells at the glomerulus

B) the precise control of the retention of water and electrolytes

) You find what you believe is a new species of animal. Which of the following characteristics would enable you to argue that it is more closely related to a flatworm than it is to a roundworm? A) It has a cuticle that it sheds to grow. B) It is a suspension feeder. C) It has no coelom. D) It is shaped like a worm. E) It has a mouth and an anus.

C) It has no coelom.

Which mollusk group can be described as having several calcium carbonate plates along their dorsal side? A) bivalves B) gastropods C) chitons D) cephalopods

C) chitons

You find a green organism in a pond near your house and believe it is a plant, not an alga. The mystery organism is most likely a plant and not an alga if it _____. A) contains chloroplasts B) is multicellular C) is surrounded by a cuticle D) does not contain vascular tissue E) has cell walls that are comprised largely of cellulose

C) is surrounded by a cuticle

Most of the water taken up by a plant is _____. A) used as a solvent B) used as a hydrogen source in photosynthesis C) lost during transpiration D) converted to carbon dioxide E) used to keep cells turgid

C) lost during transpiration

Among vertebrate animals, urea is _____. A) made in the kidneys and immediately excreted B) added to the air in the lungs to be exhaled, along with carbon dioxide C) made in the liver by combining two ammonia molecules with one carbon dioxide D) made in the pancreas and added to the intestinal contents, along with bile salts, for excretion E) rarely the nitrogenous waste

C) made in the liver by combining two ammonia molecules with one carbon dioxide

) Which of the following are important biotic factors that can affect the structure and organization of biological communities? A) precipitation, wind B) nutrient availability, soil pH C) predation, competition D) temperature, water E) light intensity, seasonality

C) predation, competition

In animals, nitrogenous wastes are produced mostly from the catabolism of _____. A) starch and cellulose B) triglycerides and steroids C) proteins and nucleic acids D) phospholipids and glycolipids E) fatty acids and glycerol

C) proteins and nucleic acids

The central nervous system is lacking in animals that have _____. A) a complete gut B) bilateral symmetry C) radial symmetry D) a closed circulatory system E) excitable membranes

C) radial symmetry

Where are the youngest wood and the youngest bark in a tree trunk? A) Youngest wood is in the center of a tree; youngest bark is the outside of the bark. B) Youngest wood is in the center of a tree; youngest bark is the inner part, next to the vascular cambium. C) Youngest wood is toward the outside, near the vascular cambium; youngest bark is the outside of the bark. D) Youngest wood is toward the outside, near the vascular cambium; youngest bark is the inner part, next to the vascular cambium.

D) Youngest wood is toward the outside, near the vascular cambium; youngest bark is the inner part, next to the vascular cambium.

Which of the following would you classify as something other than an animal? A) sponges B) coral C) jellyfish D) choanoflagellates

D) choanoflagellates

The fluid with the highest osmolarity is _____. A) distilled water B) plasma in birds C) plasma in mammals D) seawater in a tidal pool E) estuarine water

D) seawater in a tidal pool

Which of the following characteristics evolved independently in mammals and birds? A) bilateral symmetry B) amniotic eggs C) jaws D) bone E) endothermy

E) endothermy

Imagine that you are given some chemoorganotrophic bacteria to grow. What should you use as a source of energy for this type of bacteria? A) light B) methane C) ammonia D) hydrogen sulfide E) sugar

E) sugar

) Which structure of the amniotic egg most closely surrounds the embryo? A) the chorion B) the albumen C) the yolk sac D) the allantois E) the amnion

E) the amnion

A relatively long cecum is characteristic of animals that are_____. A) carnivores B) herbivores C) autotrophs D) heterotrophs E) omnivores

Herbivores

Which pair correctly associates a biochemical process with the appropriate mineral associated with its use in animals? A) maintenance of bone — calcium B) glucose synthesis — iodine C) thyroid hormone synthesis — iron D) nucleic acid synthesis — sulfur

Maintenance of bone- Calcium

The chemical digestion of proteins begins in the _____. A) mouth B) stomach C) small intestine D) bloodstream

Stomach

The possession of two pairs of antennae is a characteristic of _____. A) spiders B) insects C) centipedes D) millipedes E) crustaceans

crustaceans

Certain nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of some animals because _____. A) only those animals use those nutrients B) the nutrients are subunits of important polymers C) these animals are not able to synthesize these nutrients D) the nutrients are necessary coenzymes E) only certain foods contain them

these animals are not able to synthesize polymers

An adult animal that possesses bilateral symmetry would most likely be _____. A) triploblastic B) a deuterostome C) coelomates D) diploblastic

triploblastic

The competitive exclusion principle states that _____. A) it is not possible for two species with the same niche to coexist in the same region B) it is not possible for two species to compete for the same resources C) two species with different niches will not compete for the same resources D) two species with the same niche will constantly be competing for resources

A) it is not possible for two species with the same niche to coexist in the same region

Which of the following is a true statement about body size and physiology? A) The amount of food and oxygen an animal requires and the amount of heat and waste it produces are inversely proportional to its mass. B) The rate at which an animal uses nutrients and produces waste products is independent of its volume. C) Small and large animals face different physiological challenges because an animal's body mass increases cubically while its surface area increases as a squared function. D) The wastes produced by an animal double as its volume doubles and triple as its surface area triples.

C) Small and large animals face different physiological challenges because an animal's body mass increases cubically while its surface area increases as a squared function.

Some birds follow moving swarms of army ants in the tropics. As the ants march along the forest floor hunting insects and small vertebrates, birds follow and pick off any insects or small vertebrates that fly or jump out of the way of the ants. This situation is an example of what kind of species interaction between the birds and the ants? A) cooperation B) consumption C) commensalism D) parasitism E) mutualism

C) commensalism

The nitrogenous waste that requires the most energy to produce is _____. A) ammonia B) ammonium C) urea D) uric acid

D) uric acid

You find a new species of worm and want to classify it. Which of the following lines of evidence would allow you to classify the worm as a nematode and not an annelid? A) It undergoes protostome development. B) It is segmented. C) It is triploblastic. D) It has a coelom. E) It sheds its external skeleton to grow

E) It sheds its external skeleton to grow

The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is primarily related to _____. A) the ability to form haustoria and parasitize other organisms B) avoiding sexual reproduction until the environment changes C) the potential to inhabit almost all terrestrial habitats D) the increased probability of contact between different mating types E) an extensive surface area well suited for invasive growth and absorptive nutrition

E) an extensive surface area well suited for invasive growth and absorptive nutrition