BIO II chapter 21
Which of the following statements about marsupials in Australia is true?
For many types of placental mammals found throughout the world, there is a strikingly similar marsupial mammal in Australia.
Select all of the following that are documented by the fossil record.
Successive evolutionary change Major mass extinctions in the past Levels of biodiversity through time
The primary difference between natural and artificial selection is
how the parents are chosen (by humans or because of their reproductive success)
Starting in 1850, when Europe become industrialized, the frequency of melanic forms of the peppered moth in populations Blank______ until they made up Blank______ of some population.
increased almost 100%
Even though there are gaps in the fossil record, some of the most direct evidence for evolution comes from ....... fossils that illustrate how certain major transformations in life forms occurred.
intermediate
Which of the following are reasons why island trees belong to plant families that typically do not have tree members (for example the sunflower family)?
The tree niche is empty and so a flower can evolve through natural selection to be tree-like. Tree seeds rarely make it to isolated islands.
......evolution happens when two species from different lineages independently evolve similar characteristics because they occupy similar environments.
convergent
When two species from different lineages independently evolve similar characteristics because they occupy similar environments, we observe Blank______.
convergent evolution
Regarding the peppered moth, many studies have shown that in polluted areas, the Blank______ form of the moth is favored by natural selection, and in unpolluted areas, the Blank______ form of the moth is favored.
dark (melanic); light (peppered)
One of the most successful studies in showing evolution by natural selection is the one done by Peter and Rosemary Grant on the Galápagos islands; these scientists studied a bird that was referred to by the common name of
medium ground finch
Typically, how are species on islands related to species on a nearby continent?
more closely
Most evolutionary biologists would agree that the primary process responsible for evolution is
natural selection
The observation that the relative frequencies of melanic to light peppered moths changes with the color of tree bark provides support for Blank______.
natural selection
Which of the following statements about the horse family is true?
It originated 55 million years ago and over that time many of its members have become extinct.
Which of the following provide evidence that natural selection occurs in peppered moths?
Melanic moths become more abundant than light forms in polluted areas. Light moths become more abundant than melanic forms when clean air legislation is implemented
Review the following list of processes that can alter the genetic make up of a population. Which one is considered by scientists to be primarily responsible for evolution?
Natural selection
How has rock and fossil dating changed since Darwin's times?
Relative dating was used in the past; today we use absolute dating.
Which of the following is true about transitional fossils?
They help to fill in the gap in the fossil record between two separate groups. They illustrate how major transitions in life occurred.
Most of the species that we use as food do not look like their ancestral species anymore. How have humans achieved that?
Through artificial selection
Where has industrial melanism been observed?
Throughout Eurasia and North America
Which of the following are anatomical features that provide evidence for evolution?
Vestigial structures Homologous structures Early embryonic similarities
Two types of structures in adult organisms that provide anatomical evidence for evolution are
homologous vestigial
