Bio keystones

Which statement best describes how organisms use DNA and amino acids to synthesize a protein?

. DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is translated by the ribosome to produce an amino acid chain.

Orchids living in tropical rainforests often grow on the branches of trees to access sunlight. The trees are not affected by the orchids. Which term best classifies the relationship between the orchids and the trees?

. commensalism

HGT can occur naturally in the wild but can also be accomplished in a laboratory setting. Which laboratory procedure most closely resembles the process of HGT?

. inserting DNA from a bacterium into a corn plant

Which statement best describes a direct role of ATP in a paramecium?

ATP provides the energy to move cilia.

Original RNA Sequence of Organism AUG-GCU-UGU Which mutation would most likely affect the organism's phenotype?

AUG-GCU-UGA

Before cellular division, the cell must duplicate its DNA so that daughter cells will contain complete copies of the DNA. Which characteristic of DNA makes it most suitable as a molecule for this role?

DNA is made of two strands of complementary nucleotides.

Which process best describes the assembly of proteins from amino acids?

Monomers are linked to form a polymer.

The diagram shows the forelimbs of three animals. Which statement best describes the bones in the animals?

Similar bones in different organisms may have different functions

Each cell in the human body contains thousands of different enzymes responsible for regulating reactions within the cell. Which statement explains why a single enzyme is unable to regulate a variety of reactions?

The binding of a substrate and an enzyme is specific

Lungs and capillaries both have porous linings that allow certain substances to move into or out of the structures. Which function do these porous linings most likely serve in living organisms?

gas exchange

15 module 2b: Describe a biotic characteristic that is unique to either a desert or a rainforest ecosystem.

rainforest: rainforests have many unique varities of trees, plants, and flowers that only grow there because they survive best in climates that are hot and moist

. Two closely related shrimp species have habitats and niches that partially overlap. Which factor most likely caused the divergence of the shrimp into separate species?

reproductive isolation

15. part b : Describe how electrons are involved in the formation of biological macromolecules.

the same amount of protons and neutrons used is equal to the number of electrons used

which of the following is essential to proper functioning of all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

ATP

The element carbon has multiple bonding patterns. Which bonding pattern cannot be formed by carbon?

C≡C≡C

How does a mitochondrion facilitate the movement of some materials between cells?

It supplies the energy needed for moving molecules through membranes.

14. part a iii Some characteristics of life are shared by all organisms on Earth. Select two observations from the list and explain how each observation provides evidence to support a specific characteristic of life.

Observation 3: The turtle uses energy to move into the water

15. part a Identify the maximum number of bonds one carbon atom can form.

One carbon atom can form a maximum of four bonds

. Which statement best explains why the carotenoid gene has been present in pea aphids for millions of years?

The HGT process introduced a benefit for survival and led to greater reproductive success in pea aphids with the carotenoid gene.

Which statement best describes a function of the proteins embedded in the plasma membrane of cells?

They selectively allow certain particles into and out of the cell.

Which statement best explains how organisms accomplish passing on traits to their offspring?

Traits are inherited by the transfer of genetic material from parent to offspring

Plants are dependent on water. In most plants, water is absorbed by the roots and then moves up the stem of the plant and into the leaves by capillary action. Which properties of water are most responsible for the capillary action in plants?

adhesion and cohesion

15 module 2 a: Describe an abiotic characteristic that is similar in both the desert and the rainforest.

an abiotic characteristic that is similar in the desert and the rainforest is the hot temperatures. the temperatures are both similar because they are both near the equator

14 module 2 c: Describe a difference between any observation and any inference.

an observation is like looking at the chart and saying that daisy found a smaller population of fish than someone else, an inference is an educational guessed based on the information

15 module 2c: Describe a relationship between a biotic component and an abiotic component in either a desert or a rainforest ecosystem.

desert: the sand (abiotic) in deserts provides camouflage for some species of spiders and snakes (biotic) so they can capture prey easier.

Energy pyramids describe food and energy relationships within an ecosystem. Which factor most likely limits the number of levels an energy pyramid can have?

energy loss between each level of organisms

Which statement best compares eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, and prokaryotes do not.

14. part b Some scientists include the ability to adapt and evolve as a characteristic of life. Explain why the student would not likely make an observation at the park that would provide evidence to support this as a characteristic of life.

evolution is a process of change over a long period of time. therefore the evolution is not something the student would be able to witness in a short period of time

What is the main purpose for initiating the production of folding helpers in a cell?

maintaining homeostasis

Which sequence best orders ecological categories from the one with the fewest number of individuals to the one with the greatest number of individuals?

population, community, ecosystem, biome

Cell Observations • chromatin has condensed into visible chromosomes • nuclear envelope has disappeared • nucleolus is no longer visible A student looking through a microscope records observations about a cell. Which stage of the cell cycle has the student described?

prophase

Which property of water is most responsible for plants being able to transport water from their roots to their leaves?

the attraction between molecules

Carbon is often considered the backbone of biological macromolecules. However, hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. Explain why the backbone of large macromolecules is made of carbon atoms rather than hydrogen atoms.

the backbone of large macromolecules is made of carbon atoms rather than hydrogen atoms, because carbon is able to form more bonds

14 module 2 A: Describe an observation from the prairie sample study

the big bluestem species is clearly the dominant species in the prairie. the majority of the population is big bluestem. by examining the chart, the population of big bluestem plants in the community is very large

Which statement best compares a carbohydrate and a nucleic acid?

the bonds in carbohydrates store energy, and the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid stores genetic information.

During a cell division cycle, chromosome segments from two homologous chromosomes exchange places. Which result is most likely to occur following this cycle?

A change in gene location will occur on both chromosomes

14. part a Some characteristics of life are shared by all organisms on Earth. Select two observations from the list and explain how each observation provides evidence to support a specific characteristic of life.

Observation 1: The rabbit is eating grass would be obtaining energy needed to live

14 modules 2b Describe an inference from the prairie sample study.

the chart shows a larger population than the black eyed susan. this could mean that the black eyed susan are living in the shadows of the big bluestem.