Bio Lab Practical
What is the enzyme was used in the enzyme experiment?
ALP
Match the step of PCR with what is occurring in the test tube. Annealing Denaturation Extension
Annealing - DNA primers hybridize to the DNA strand Denaturation - Double stranded DNA melts to single stranded DNA Extension - DNA strand elongates with DNA polymerase
If you get stuck while researching papers/topics or citing a paper what is the best solution?
Ask an NSU librarian
Your heart rate, or pulse, is the number of times your heart ______
Beats per minute
From start to finish, place in order the laboratory steps that must be accomplished in order to identify DNA from samples/organisms.
DNA isolation, PCR amplification, gel electrophoresis, analysis of gel results
Resting Heart Rate
Heart is pumping the least amount of blood, heart rate is at its slowest
Objective Lens
Lens that is closest to the stage.
The movement of water molecules from a region of high free water concentration to a region of low free water concentration is known as ____________________.
Osmosis
Tonicity is the measure of what?
Osmotic pressure
What micropipette(s) could be used to measure out 175μL of liquid?
P200, P1000
Gel electrophoresis separates DNA on the basis of what?
Size of DNA
Which molecules can diffuse through a cell membrane?
Small molecules
What factors determine how fast water moves across a membrane?
Solute concentration difference, hydrostatic pressure
What is the name of the machine that measures the amount of light that is absorbed by a solution?
Spectrophotometer
What is added to a gel that allows us to visualize DNA?
SyberSafe DNA
What type of buffer is used to run gel electrophoresis?
TAE
Uniformity
The cause behind the results of an experiment will stay the same if we repeat the experiment tomorrow
What will happen when a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution?
The cell becomes shriveled
What is the P generation?
The first set of parents crossed
Aerobic respiration yields more ATP than anaerobic respiration. (T/F)
True
Fermentation generates ATP. (T/F)
True
What does homozygous mean?
When the same pair of alleles composes a trait
Many species are unable to utilize oxygen as a final electron acceptor during cellular respiration due to:
lack of ETC proteins, lack of oxygen in the environment, lack of enzymes needed to inactivate free radicals
What is the in vitro substrate for alkaline phosphatase (ALP)?
pNPP
What happens if either the enzyme or substrate is limited?
the enzyme's reaction rate will remain constant
100μL is equivalent to:
0.1 mL
What voltage is gel electrophoresis run at?
100V
Ocular lenses found in most compound light microscopes a magnification of _______
10X
Below is a the volume listed on a P200 micropipette: 1 5 5
155 uL
Match the phase (or step) of photosynthesis to the process. 1st Phase/Step 2nd Phase/Step
1st Phase/Step - Light Reactions 2nd Phase/Step - Dark Reactions
What is the optimal temperature for most enzymes?
20 to 40 degrees Celsius
In order to separate PCR product bands produced by plant and GMO primers, a ____ agarose gel is required.
3%
How long is gel electrophoresis typically run for?
30 minutes
How much ATP is generated by the complete oxidization of pyruvate into CO2 and H2O via aerobic respiration ?
36-38
You are using a compound microscope and you have the objective lens set to 40x. What is the total magnification you are using to view the specimen?
400X
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + light ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2
The linear relationship between the concentration of a colored solution and its light absorbance is known as the ______.
Beer-Lambert Law
Similarity of Causation
Being able to reproduce the results of an experiment on a separate day
CO2 is converted into a stable organic compound through a process known as
Carbon fixation
The process by which organisms chemically oxidize organic compounds as a means of generating ATP is?
Cellular Respiration
What is used to compare observed ratios for a given cross compare with predicted ratios?
Chi-square analysis (χ2)
What color-producing chemical determines the concentration of glucose solutions through absorbance readings?
Chromogen
What are autosomes?
Chromosomes 1-22
If you were given a sample of bacteria to analyze, which microscope would be best for quickly identifying the specimen?
Compound
__________ is more resistant than ___________ to processing and can be extracted from highly processed foods, making it a better option for identifying GM in food.
DNA, proteins
What will happen in the experiment when light hits the chloroplasts?
DPIP will change from blue to colorless, there will be an increase in light transmittance, DPIP will be reduced
What is the correct order for the steps of PCR amplification ?
Denaturation, Annealing, Extension
What number do chromosomes of somatic cells contain?
Diploid number (2n)
Name the two types of "peas" that we will be working with in the cellular respiration lab.
Dormant peas and germinating peas
What is the test that can be used to detect proteins that are produced in GM crops?
ELISA
Which has a smaller wavelength: electrons or visible light?
Electrons
The first offspring produced from a monohybrid cross is called the ___
F1 generation
A denatured enzyme can catalyze a chemical reaction. (T/F)
False
A molecular weight ruler, aka ladder, is used as a reference to determine the charge (i.e. negative vs. positive) of your products. (T/F)
False
Dissecting microscopes allow higher magnification than compound microscopes (T/F)
False
Enzyme activity typically occurs within a very broad pH range. (T/F)
False
If the results of a patient's two "random" glucose readings are 196 mg/dL and 200mg/dL, this person meets the criteria of diabetes mellitus. (T/F)
False
Only glucose can be broken down to generate ATP. (T/F)
False
Photosynthesis is a catabolic process. (T/F)
False
Plant cells are like red blood cells and can potentially burst when placed in a certain solution. (T/F)
False
Simple diffusion requires energy input. (T/F)
False
To view a specimen under an electron microscope, it has to be living. (T/F)
False
The act of placing genes for selected traits directly into crop plants is a form of genetic modification known as______________
Genetic transformation
What is the genetic composition of an organism called?
Genotype
What is the end product of photosynthesis (for the plant)?
Glucose
What are the substrates for the processes? Glycolysis Kreb's Cycle ETC
Glycolysis - glucose Kreb's Cycle - pyruvic acid, pyruvate ETC - electrons
At which stages of aerobic cellular respiration are ATP produced?
Glycolysis, Chemiosmosis, Kreb's Cycle
Who is known as the 'founder' of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
The variable that is manipulated or varied by the researcher in an experiment is the:
Independent Variable
The color of a solution and the wavelength of light it absorbs have a(n) __________ relationship.
Inverse
If you were to attend lab in person, what is the proper attire you must wear before entering the lab?
Lab coat, long pants, mask, closed toe shoes
What will happen when a red blood cell is placed in distilled water?
Lysis will occur
In an experiment designed to determine the rate of reaction based on the content of each beaker, the hypothesis that states there will be no difference in the outcome of the experiment is:
Null hypothesis
Scientific Method Steps
Observations, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analyze Results, Repeat
Match the photosystem to the specialized pigment molecules. PSI PSII
PSI - P700 PSII - P680
What is the appearance of a particular trait called?
Phenotype
ALP catalyzes the hydrolysis of _______________ attached to proteins or lipids.
Phosphate groups
Large complexes of proteins and pigments (light-absorbing molecules) that are optimized to harvest light are called:
Photosystems
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) does what ?
Produce 3-D images of the surfaces of objects
What macromolecule is an enzyme classified as?
Protein
The difference between dialysis tubing and real cell membranes is that
Real membranes are more selective
Blue-colored objects absorb which wavelength of light the most?
Red
During the dark reactions, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is brought into the leaf through tiny pores called: ___________
Stomata
In the United States, genetically modified foods do not have to be labeled as such. (T/F)
True
Independent variables are usually plotted on the X-axis of a graph, whereas dependent variables are usually plotted on the Y-axis (T/F)
True
Moving molecules against their concentration gradient requires energy. (T/F)
True
Potential allergic reactions to novel proteins and Antibiotic resistance from selectable markers are major arguments against/concerns associated with the GMO industry (T/F)
True
When an enzyme's reaction rate doubles for every 10 degree Celsius increase in temperature it's called the Q10 effect. (T/F)
True
You must heat up the agarose to dissolve it. (T/F)
True
Coarse Focus Adjustment Knob
Used for rapid (or coarse) focusing on the specimen when using the scanning objective lens and the low power lens; rotated until the specimen is roughly in focus and then left alone
What determines resolution?
Visual acuity, lens quality, lens diameter, magnification
What color will the product of the enzyme experiment (pNP) turn?
Yellow
In prokaryotic cells, catabolism of pyruvate takes place in the __________________. Whereas, in eukaryotic cells, it occurs in the _________________________.
cytoplasm, mitochondria
During the process of gel electrophoresis, combs are used to
form the wells that samples will be placed in
DNA Polymerase is derived from a bacterium that lives in
high-temperature steam vents
Can dominant alleles be masked by recessive alleles?
no
DNA from Bacillus thuringiensis is incorporated into the genomes of crops to make them
pest resistant
When leaf pigments absorb light, electrons are boosted to a higher energy level, providing energy to:
produce ATP, reduce NADP+
Primers serve as _________ for amplifying the target region of the DNA to be copied.
start and stop points
