Bio Lab Practical

What is the enzyme was used in the enzyme experiment?

ALP

Match the step of PCR with what is occurring in the test tube. Annealing Denaturation Extension

Annealing - DNA primers hybridize to the DNA strand Denaturation - Double stranded DNA melts to single stranded DNA Extension - DNA strand elongates with DNA polymerase

If you get stuck while researching papers/topics or citing a paper what is the best solution?

Ask an NSU librarian

Your heart rate, or pulse, is the number of times your heart ______

Beats per minute

From start to finish, place in order the laboratory steps that must be accomplished in order to identify DNA from samples/organisms.

DNA isolation, PCR amplification, gel electrophoresis, analysis of gel results

Resting Heart Rate

Heart is pumping the least amount of blood, heart rate is at its slowest

Objective Lens

Lens that is closest to the stage.

The movement of water molecules from a region of high free water concentration to a region of low free water concentration is known as ____________________.

Osmosis

Tonicity is the measure of what?

Osmotic pressure

What micropipette(s) could be used to measure out 175μL of liquid?

P200, P1000

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA on the basis of what?

Size of DNA

Which molecules can diffuse through a cell membrane?

Small molecules

What factors determine how fast water moves across a membrane?

Solute concentration difference, hydrostatic pressure

What is the name of the machine that measures the amount of light that is absorbed by a solution?

Spectrophotometer

What is added to a gel that allows us to visualize DNA?

SyberSafe DNA

What type of buffer is used to run gel electrophoresis?

TAE

Uniformity

The cause behind the results of an experiment will stay the same if we repeat the experiment tomorrow

What will happen when a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution?

The cell becomes shriveled

What is the P generation?

The first set of parents crossed

Aerobic respiration yields more ATP than anaerobic respiration. (T/F)

True

Fermentation generates ATP. (T/F)

True

What does homozygous mean?

When the same pair of alleles composes a trait

Many species are unable to utilize oxygen as a final electron acceptor during cellular respiration due to:

lack of ETC proteins, lack of oxygen in the environment, lack of enzymes needed to inactivate free radicals

What is the in vitro substrate for alkaline phosphatase (ALP)?

pNPP

What happens if either the enzyme or substrate is limited?

the enzyme's reaction rate will remain constant

100μL is equivalent to:

0.1 mL

What voltage is gel electrophoresis run at?

100V

Ocular lenses found in most compound light microscopes a magnification of _______

10X

Below is a the volume listed on a P200 micropipette: 1 5 5

155 uL

Match the phase (or step) of photosynthesis to the process. 1st Phase/Step 2nd Phase/Step

1st Phase/Step - Light Reactions 2nd Phase/Step - Dark Reactions

What is the optimal temperature for most enzymes?

20 to 40 degrees Celsius

In order to separate PCR product bands produced by plant and GMO primers, a ____ agarose gel is required.

3%

How long is gel electrophoresis typically run for?

30 minutes

How much ATP is generated by the complete oxidization of pyruvate into CO2 and H2O via aerobic respiration ?

36-38

You are using a compound microscope and you have the objective lens set to 40x. What is the total magnification you are using to view the specimen?

400X

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O + light ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2

The linear relationship between the concentration of a colored solution and its light absorbance is known as the ______.

Beer-Lambert Law

Similarity of Causation

Being able to reproduce the results of an experiment on a separate day

CO2 is converted into a stable organic compound through a process known as

Carbon fixation

The process by which organisms chemically oxidize organic compounds as a means of generating ATP is?

Cellular Respiration

What is used to compare observed ratios for a given cross compare with predicted ratios?

Chi-square analysis (χ2)

What color-producing chemical determines the concentration of glucose solutions through absorbance readings?

Chromogen

What are autosomes?

Chromosomes 1-22

If you were given a sample of bacteria to analyze, which microscope would be best for quickly identifying the specimen?

Compound

__________ is more resistant than ___________ to processing and can be extracted from highly processed foods, making it a better option for identifying GM in food.

DNA, proteins

What will happen in the experiment when light hits the chloroplasts?

DPIP will change from blue to colorless, there will be an increase in light transmittance, DPIP will be reduced

What is the correct order for the steps of PCR amplification ?

Denaturation, Annealing, Extension

What number do chromosomes of somatic cells contain?

Diploid number (2n)

Name the two types of "peas" that we will be working with in the cellular respiration lab.

Dormant peas and germinating peas

What is the test that can be used to detect proteins that are produced in GM crops?

ELISA

Which has a smaller wavelength: electrons or visible light?

Electrons

The first offspring produced from a monohybrid cross is called the ___

F1 generation

A denatured enzyme can catalyze a chemical reaction. (T/F)

False

A molecular weight ruler, aka ladder, is used as a reference to determine the charge (i.e. negative vs. positive) of your products. (T/F)

False

Dissecting microscopes allow higher magnification than compound microscopes (T/F)

False

Enzyme activity typically occurs within a very broad pH range. (T/F)

False

If the results of a patient's two "random" glucose readings are 196 mg/dL and 200mg/dL, this person meets the criteria of diabetes mellitus. (T/F)

False

Only glucose can be broken down to generate ATP. (T/F)

False

Photosynthesis is a catabolic process. (T/F)

False

Plant cells are like red blood cells and can potentially burst when placed in a certain solution. (T/F)

False

Simple diffusion requires energy input. (T/F)

False

To view a specimen under an electron microscope, it has to be living. (T/F)

False

The act of placing genes for selected traits directly into crop plants is a form of genetic modification known as______________

Genetic transformation

What is the genetic composition of an organism called?

Genotype

What is the end product of photosynthesis (for the plant)?

Glucose

What are the substrates for the processes? Glycolysis Kreb's Cycle ETC

Glycolysis - glucose Kreb's Cycle - pyruvic acid, pyruvate ETC - electrons

At which stages of aerobic cellular respiration are ATP produced?

Glycolysis, Chemiosmosis, Kreb's Cycle

Who is known as the 'founder' of genetics?

Gregor Mendel

The variable that is manipulated or varied by the researcher in an experiment is the:

Independent Variable

The color of a solution and the wavelength of light it absorbs have a(n) __________ relationship.

Inverse

If you were to attend lab in person, what is the proper attire you must wear before entering the lab?

Lab coat, long pants, mask, closed toe shoes

What will happen when a red blood cell is placed in distilled water?

Lysis will occur

In an experiment designed to determine the rate of reaction based on the content of each beaker, the hypothesis that states there will be no difference in the outcome of the experiment is:

Null hypothesis

Scientific Method Steps

Observations, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analyze Results, Repeat

Match the photosystem to the specialized pigment molecules. PSI PSII

PSI - P700 PSII - P680

What is the appearance of a particular trait called?

Phenotype

ALP catalyzes the hydrolysis of _______________ attached to proteins or lipids.

Phosphate groups

Large complexes of proteins and pigments (light-absorbing molecules) that are optimized to harvest light are called:

Photosystems

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) does what ?

Produce 3-D images of the surfaces of objects

What macromolecule is an enzyme classified as?

Protein

The difference between dialysis tubing and real cell membranes is that

Real membranes are more selective

Blue-colored objects absorb which wavelength of light the most?

Red

During the dark reactions, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is brought into the leaf through tiny pores called: ___________

Stomata

In the United States, genetically modified foods do not have to be labeled as such. (T/F)

True

Independent variables are usually plotted on the X-axis of a graph, whereas dependent variables are usually plotted on the Y-axis (T/F)

True

Moving molecules against their concentration gradient requires energy. (T/F)

True

Potential allergic reactions to novel proteins and Antibiotic resistance from selectable markers are major arguments against/concerns associated with the GMO industry (T/F)

True

When an enzyme's reaction rate doubles for every 10 degree Celsius increase in temperature it's called the Q10 effect. (T/F)

True

You must heat up the agarose to dissolve it. (T/F)

True

Coarse Focus Adjustment Knob

Used for rapid (or coarse) focusing on the specimen when using the scanning objective lens and the low power lens; rotated until the specimen is roughly in focus and then left alone

What determines resolution?

Visual acuity, lens quality, lens diameter, magnification

What color will the product of the enzyme experiment (pNP) turn?

Yellow

In prokaryotic cells, catabolism of pyruvate takes place in the __________________. Whereas, in eukaryotic cells, it occurs in the _________________________.

cytoplasm, mitochondria

During the process of gel electrophoresis, combs are used to

form the wells that samples will be placed in

DNA Polymerase is derived from a bacterium that lives in

high-temperature steam vents

Can dominant alleles be masked by recessive alleles?

no

DNA from Bacillus thuringiensis is incorporated into the genomes of crops to make them

pest resistant

When leaf pigments absorb light, electrons are boosted to a higher energy level, providing energy to:

produce ATP, reduce NADP+

Primers serve as _________ for amplifying the target region of the DNA to be copied.

start and stop points