Bio lecture quiz 1
What did Aristotle believe about evolution?
"Species are immutable" - unchanging over time or unable to be changed
Charles Darwin
-1809-1882 -English naturalist, geologist, biologist -trip on the Beagle to the Galápagos Islands and discovered variations in a Finches' beaks -theory of evolution
What is anabolism?
-The building up of something; -binds substances together through chemical reactions; -uses energy (ATP) from catabolism to synthesize new things like proteins and amino acids
What are the characteristics of a well-designed experiment?
-limitation of variables -large sample size -control variable -analysis of data -conclusions -repeatability -direction for future research
What are the characteristics of life?
1. All living things are composed of cells 2. They grow and develop 3. Regulate their metabolic processes 4. Respond to stimuli 5. Reproduce 6. Adapt to their environment 7. Death
What are the 5 major themes of biology?
1. Biological systems interact 2. Structure and function are interrelated 3. Information must be transferred 4. Life depends on continuous input and transfer of energy 5. Populations change over time through the process of evolution
What are the 2 laws of Thermodynamics?
1. Energy and neither be created nor destroyed 2. Energy can be transferred from one form to another - in transformation some usable energy is lost
What is a ecosystem?
A community of together with its non living environment
What is a mutation?
A random change in a genetic trait
What is the scientific method?
A series of steps in which scientist make observations, ask questions, develop hypotheses, test those hypotheses with experiments, gather and analyze data, and then draw conclusions from that data
What is a paradigm?
A set of assumptions or concepts that constitute a way of thinking about reality -changes in view of reality or paradigm shifts are made to accommodate new knowledge
What is evolution?
A species ability to undergo changes -changes enable them to adapt to their environment -changes are slow -take place over a long period of time
What is a hypothesis?
A tentative explanation for observations or phenomena - consistent with facts - capable of being tested - falsifiable
What is development?
All changes that occur during an organism's life
What does metabolism include?
All chemical activities that take place in an organism -chemical reactions they are essential to nutrition -growth and repair -energy conversion
What is a population?
All members of one species living in the same geographical area at the same time
What use a biosphere?
All of earth's ecosystems together
What defines biological growth?
An increase in the size of the cell, increase in the number of cells, or both
What is a scientific theory?
An integrated explanation of some aspect of the natural world based on hypotheses that are supported by consistent results from many observations or experiments
What are the 2 types of reproduction?
Asexual or sexual
What happens in the chemical level of biological organization?
Atoms form molecules that form cells
What are compounds that all living organisms share?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid
What basic elements are living things composed of?
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur (CHONPS)
What are the 2 stages of metabolism?
Catabolism and Anabolism
What happens in the cellular level of biological organization?
Cells associate to form tissues
What happens in evolution?
Changes in the environment favor those organisms that are better able the adapt
What happens during chemical bonding?
Chemical reactions bind together elements or compounds to store energy in chemical bonds. When substances are broken down/ bonds are broken energy is released (anabolism then catabolism)
What are the levels of organization for multicellular organisms?
Chemical- Cell- tissue- organ- organ system- organism
What does a scientific theory do?
Classify our understanding of the natural world by showing relationships among classes of facts
What is the unifying theory of life science?
Darwin's scientific theory of evolution
What does systems (integrated) biology do?
Develops large data sets with math, stats, and engineering principles
What is the creator idea relationship to evolution?
Each species was fixed and I changeable because it represented an idea I'm in the mind of the creator
What do all living organisms have in common?
High level of organization, metabolism, responsivity, reproduction, heredity, and evolution
Adaptation
Inherited characteristics that enhance the ability to survive in a particular environment
What happens in the organ level of biological organization?
Major biological functions are performed by an organ system
What is used to develop/test hypotheses?
Models - they provide a comprehensive explanation for large number of observations
Transmutation?
Name commonly used for evolutionary ideas in the 19th century before Darwin published
What is the basic mechanism of evolution?
Natural Selection -competing explanations denied this until the 1930s to 1950s when they came to a broad consensus
How are new cells created?
New cells can only form from pre-existing cells
What happens in the organ system level of biological organization?
Organ systems function together to make up a complex multicellular organism
Photosynthesis
Plants use light energy from the sun to form organic molecules from small inorganic ones
What are the levels of ecological organization?
Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere
What is a community?
Population of various organisms living end interacting in a particular area
What is inductive reasoning?
Reasoning that begins with specific observations and draws a conclusion or general principle
What is deductive reasoning?
Reasoning that begins with supplied information and draws conclusions based on that information
What are the type of adaptations?
Structural, physiological, biochemical, behavioral, or s combination of the 4
What is Reductionism?
Studying all the parts of a structure in order to learn about it -during this process we learn the each level has its own emergent properties or characteristics not found at a lower level
What is energy?
The ability to do work
What is catabolism?
The breaking down of energy to yield metabolic products
What is homeostasis?
The carefully regulated metabolic process that maintains an appropriate balance of the internal environment
What is sexual reproduction?
The fusion of egg and sperm
What is heredity?
The inheritance mod genetic information from one generation to the next
Biology
The science of life
What is ecology?
The study of how organisms relate to one another and to their physical environment
What is metabolism?
The sum of all chemical reactions in an organism; the process of living organisms exchanging and modifying matter and energy from their environment
What happens in the tissues level of biological organization?
Tissues organize into functional structures called organs
What does science depend of?
Truthfulness and the ability to communicate results
What are the 2 types of cells?
Unicellular or Multicellular
What is asexual reproduction?
Variation caused only by mutation
What must an experiment be?
repeatable
