Bio lecture quiz 1

What did Aristotle believe about evolution?

"Species are immutable" - unchanging over time or unable to be changed

Charles Darwin

-1809-1882 -English naturalist, geologist, biologist -trip on the Beagle to the Galápagos Islands and discovered variations in a Finches' beaks -theory of evolution

What is anabolism?

-The building up of something; -binds substances together through chemical reactions; -uses energy (ATP) from catabolism to synthesize new things like proteins and amino acids

What are the characteristics of a well-designed experiment?

-limitation of variables -large sample size -control variable -analysis of data -conclusions -repeatability -direction for future research

What are the characteristics of life?

1. All living things are composed of cells 2. They grow and develop 3. Regulate their metabolic processes 4. Respond to stimuli 5. Reproduce 6. Adapt to their environment 7. Death

What are the 5 major themes of biology?

1. Biological systems interact 2. Structure and function are interrelated 3. Information must be transferred 4. Life depends on continuous input and transfer of energy 5. Populations change over time through the process of evolution

What are the 2 laws of Thermodynamics?

1. Energy and neither be created nor destroyed 2. Energy can be transferred from one form to another - in transformation some usable energy is lost

What is a ecosystem?

A community of together with its non living environment

What is a mutation?

A random change in a genetic trait

What is the scientific method?

A series of steps in which scientist make observations, ask questions, develop hypotheses, test those hypotheses with experiments, gather and analyze data, and then draw conclusions from that data

What is a paradigm?

A set of assumptions or concepts that constitute a way of thinking about reality -changes in view of reality or paradigm shifts are made to accommodate new knowledge

What is evolution?

A species ability to undergo changes -changes enable them to adapt to their environment -changes are slow -take place over a long period of time

What is a hypothesis?

A tentative explanation for observations or phenomena - consistent with facts - capable of being tested - falsifiable

What is development?

All changes that occur during an organism's life

What does metabolism include?

All chemical activities that take place in an organism -chemical reactions they are essential to nutrition -growth and repair -energy conversion

What is a population?

All members of one species living in the same geographical area at the same time

What use a biosphere?

All of earth's ecosystems together

What defines biological growth?

An increase in the size of the cell, increase in the number of cells, or both

What is a scientific theory?

An integrated explanation of some aspect of the natural world based on hypotheses that are supported by consistent results from many observations or experiments

What are the 2 types of reproduction?

Asexual or sexual

What happens in the chemical level of biological organization?

Atoms form molecules that form cells

What are compounds that all living organisms share?

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid

What basic elements are living things composed of?

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur (CHONPS)

What are the 2 stages of metabolism?

Catabolism and Anabolism

What happens in the cellular level of biological organization?

Cells associate to form tissues

What happens in evolution?

Changes in the environment favor those organisms that are better able the adapt

What happens during chemical bonding?

Chemical reactions bind together elements or compounds to store energy in chemical bonds. When substances are broken down/ bonds are broken energy is released (anabolism then catabolism)

What are the levels of organization for multicellular organisms?

Chemical- Cell- tissue- organ- organ system- organism

What does a scientific theory do?

Classify our understanding of the natural world by showing relationships among classes of facts

What is the unifying theory of life science?

Darwin's scientific theory of evolution

What does systems (integrated) biology do?

Develops large data sets with math, stats, and engineering principles

What is the creator idea relationship to evolution?

Each species was fixed and I changeable because it represented an idea I'm in the mind of the creator

What do all living organisms have in common?

High level of organization, metabolism, responsivity, reproduction, heredity, and evolution

Adaptation

Inherited characteristics that enhance the ability to survive in a particular environment

What happens in the organ level of biological organization?

Major biological functions are performed by an organ system

What is used to develop/test hypotheses?

Models - they provide a comprehensive explanation for large number of observations

Transmutation?

Name commonly used for evolutionary ideas in the 19th century before Darwin published

What is the basic mechanism of evolution?

Natural Selection -competing explanations denied this until the 1930s to 1950s when they came to a broad consensus

How are new cells created?

New cells can only form from pre-existing cells

What happens in the organ system level of biological organization?

Organ systems function together to make up a complex multicellular organism

Photosynthesis

Plants use light energy from the sun to form organic molecules from small inorganic ones

What are the levels of ecological organization?

Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere

What is a community?

Population of various organisms living end interacting in a particular area

What is inductive reasoning?

Reasoning that begins with specific observations and draws a conclusion or general principle

What is deductive reasoning?

Reasoning that begins with supplied information and draws conclusions based on that information

What are the type of adaptations?

Structural, physiological, biochemical, behavioral, or s combination of the 4

What is Reductionism?

Studying all the parts of a structure in order to learn about it -during this process we learn the each level has its own emergent properties or characteristics not found at a lower level

What is energy?

The ability to do work

What is catabolism?

The breaking down of energy to yield metabolic products

What is homeostasis?

The carefully regulated metabolic process that maintains an appropriate balance of the internal environment

What is sexual reproduction?

The fusion of egg and sperm

What is heredity?

The inheritance mod genetic information from one generation to the next

Biology

The science of life

What is ecology?

The study of how organisms relate to one another and to their physical environment

What is metabolism?

The sum of all chemical reactions in an organism; the process of living organisms exchanging and modifying matter and energy from their environment

What happens in the tissues level of biological organization?

Tissues organize into functional structures called organs

What does science depend of?

Truthfulness and the ability to communicate results

What are the 2 types of cells?

Unicellular or Multicellular

What is asexual reproduction?

Variation caused only by mutation

What must an experiment be?

repeatable