bio lecture test one
Protons (-1, +1, Electrically Neutral, Found in the nucleus, Found in orbitals surrounding the nucleus)
+1;found in the nucleus
Label each model of an atom with its appropriate information. http://imgur.com/a/ivPtA (model link) (carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur)
hydrogen;carbon;nitrogen;oxygen;phosphorus;sulfur
Regulation of the _________ environment of cells and organisms is carried out through __________ and other control mechanisms. (external, feedback, groups, hormones, internal, location, mechanisms, range, temperature, homeostasis, or organisms)
internal;feedback
Electrons (-1, +1, Electrically Neutral, Found in the nucleus, Found in orbitals surrounding the nucleus)
-1;Found in orbitals surrounding the nucleus
This system of chemicals, http://imgur.com/a/PRD1F (Picture) , act as a buffer in the blood. If hydrogen ions are added to blood which of the following reactions would occur? A. http://imgur.com/a/d2HtE B. http://imgur.com/a/tgYjO
A.
Which statement is NOT true about covalent bonds? A. Covalent bonds form when an electron is completely lost or gained from an atom. B. A covalent molecule contains one or more covalent bonds. C. A single covalent bond is drawn as a line between two atoms. D. A pair of electrons is shared between two atoms for each covalent bond. E. Shared electrons allow an atom to complete its outer electron shell in a covalent molecule.
A. Covalent bonds form when an electron is completely lost or gained from an atom.
How many atoms are required to form a molecule? A. at least 2 B. at least 3 C. at least 4 D. at least 5 E. only 1
A. at least 2
Classify the following characteristics and examples based on the domain they belong to.
Archaea Thrive in extreme environments such as thermal vents sulfur springs
A solution with a pH of 6 has ________ times _________ OH- than a solution with a pH of 10. A. 40; more B. 4000; less C. 104; less D. 4; less E. 104 more
B. 4000; less
______________ occur when two pairs of ___________ are shared between the outer shells of two atoms. Examples include the ________________. (second strongest bond) (electrons, NaCl and MgCl2, bond between two nitrogen atoms, single covalent bonds, bond between 2 hydrogen atoms, double covalent bond, attraction between two molecules of water, hydrogen atoms, ions, hydrogen bonds, bond between 2 oxygen atoms, protons, ionic bonds)
Double covalent bonds;electrons;bond between 2 oxygen atoms
From Kansas to central Indiana to Pennsylvania, many people believe that they have water moccasins (also called "cottonmouths") in their ponds. Some assert they have seen them, although they are certainly not so foolish as to try to capture one alive. Meanwhile, the fish and game offices and the range maps in the herpetology books indicate that this poisonous snake does not breed this far north. What is the most scientific attitude to assume on this issue? A. Observations by both the public and the fish and game officers are subjective so this is not easily resolved objectively. B. A simple field trip to the pond locations-that resulted in the capture and confirmation of the identity of the snakes-would settle the matter. C. Scientific books with range maps are based on field research and, therefore, determine the truth in this case. D. Because living organisms are active, scientific theories in biology always change.
B. A simple field trip to the pond locations-that resulted in the capture and confirmation of the identity of the snakes-would settle the matter.
Tropical rainforests have many species that are found in great abundance. A study in the Brazilian rainforest found 487 tree species growing on a single hectare (2.5 acres). In the US and Canada together, there are only 700 species of trees on millions of acres. In one park in a Peruvian rainforest, scientists have identified over 1300 species of butterflies, while in all of Europe there are approximately 320 butterfly species. These findings suggest that A. rainforests are biologically less diverse than other ecosystems on earth. B. the number of tree species and butterfly species are about the same throughout the ecosystems of the world. C. rainforests are biologically more diverse than other ecosystems. D. as many as 400 species a day are lost due to human activity. E. rainforests do not have any type of value to humans.
C. rainforests are biologically more diverse than other ecosystems.
_____________ is a term used to describe changes in the normal cycles of the Earth's climate that may be attributed to human activity. (carbon dioxide, Global warming, oxygen, the greenhouse effect, carbon, decline, significant, climate change, rise, water, Climate change, or indetectable)
Climate change
Studying a brick does not predict the design of a skyscraper. Intense examination of muscle tissues does not allow you to predict the design of a kangaroo or clam. The structure of chlorophyll does not dictate the unique structure of a tree. These cases demonstrate A. the essential properties of life. B. the levels of organization from atom to biosphere. determinism, or how all phenomena are predictable effects of causes. C. emergent properties that are easily predicted by examining their parts. D. emergent properties that cannot be predicted by examining their parts.
D. emergent properties that cannot be predicted by examining their parts.
For five years, you wake up before the alarm is set to ring each morning. This leads you to conclude that people have a built-in "alarm clock" capable of waking them up. From a science viewpoint, this conclusion A. is science because it is based on real observations. B. is science because it is predictive of what will happen tomorrow morning. C. is scientifically valid because 5 years x 365 days is a large number of trials. D. may not be valid because it generalizes about all people, and there may have been other variables that could awaken you without a built-in clock. E. cannot be scientifically treated because it involves human behavior.
D. may not be valid because it generalizes about all people, and there may have been other variables that could awaken you without a built-in clock.
You are interested in the effect of increased carbon dioxide versus normal air, and also in the effect of green light versus full sunlight on the growth of corn plants in a greenhouse. Although you can set up your experiment inside a greenhouse, it is possible that there will be plant growth effects due to effects that you do not know and may never know. Which of the following are important to ensure control of unknown variables? A. An increase in carbon dioxide does not result in a substantial decrease of other necessary gases. B. All seedlings are from one uniform strain. C. The intensity or brightness of the green light equals the intensity of the full sunlight. D. All temperatures and available water remain the same. E. All of the choices are important.
E. All of the choices are important.
Properties of radioisotopes http://imgur.com/a/ifgFa (table link) From the above table of radioisotopes and their properties, it is obvious that A. the longer the half-life, the more energy emitted by the particles. B. the longer the half-life, the less energy emitted by the particles. C. radioisotopes of the same element must emit the same amount of energy in their emissions and decay at the same rate. D. adjusted for time, radioisotopes emit the same amount of energy in their emissions. E. energy and half-life are not directly related.
E. energy and half-life are not directly related.
Neutrons (-1, +1, Electrically Neutral, Found in the nucleus, Found in orbitals surrounding the nucleus)
Electrically Neutral; Found in the nucleus
________________, another term for the shift in global temperatures, occurs because of what is called _____________, whereby increased concentrations of gases in the atmosphere absorb and radiate heat back to Earth. (carbon dioxide, Global warming, oxygen, the greenhouse effect, carbon, decline, significant, climate change, rise, water, Climate change, or indetectable)
Global warming;the greenhouse effect
_______________ occur when partially positive ___________ attract partially negative atoms nearby. Examples include the ______________________________. (weakest bond) (electrons, NaCl and MgCl2, bond between two nitrogen atoms, single covalent bonds, bond between 2 hydrogen atoms, double covalent bond, attraction between two molecules of water, hydrogen atoms, ions, hydrogen bonds, bond between 2 oxygen atoms, protons, ionic bonds)
Hydrogen bonds;hydrogen atoms;attraction between two molecules of water
_________ occur when atoms are held together by an attraction between negatively and positively charged _______. Examples include ___________. (second weakest bond) (electrons, NaCl and MgCl2, bond between two nitrogen atoms, single covalent bonds, bond between 2 hydrogen atoms, double covalent bond, attraction between two molecules of water, hydrogen atoms, ions, hydrogen bonds, bond between 2 oxygen atoms, protons, ionic bonds)
Ionic bonds;ions;NaCl2
Label the following diagram with the appropriate terms to describe one type of chemical bonding. Then, respond to the question posed by correctly labeling the type of bonding depicted. http://imgur.com/a/LBTNo (the diagram link) What type of bond is this? (Na+, Na, Covalent Bond, Hydrogen Bond, Cl+, Cl-, Na-, Cl, Ionic bond)
Na;Cl;Na+;Cl-;ionic bond
Steps of the Scientific Method
Observation, hypothesis, experiment, data analysis, and conclusion
_____________ occur when one pair of ____________ is shared between the outer shells of two atoms. Examples include the ____________________. (third weakest bond) (electrons, NaCl and MgCl2, bond between two nitrogen atoms, single covalent bonds, bond between 2 hydrogen atoms, double covalent bond, attraction between two molecules of water, hydrogen atoms, ions, hydrogen bonds, bond between 2 oxygen atoms, protons, ionic bonds)
Single covalent bonds;electrons;bond between 2 hydrogen atoms
Much of the excess ______________ in the atmosphere, which results from activities like burning fossil fuels, is believed to dissolve in the ocean rather than cycling through natural processes. What remains in the atmosphere, along with other gases, is responsible for a __________ in global temperatures. (carbon dioxide, Global warming, oxygen, the greenhouse effect, carbon, decline, significant, climate change, rise, water, Climate change, or indetectable)
carbon dioxide;rise
Disturbances in the _________ cycle are central to these changes. There is an imbalance between the amount of _______________ that is released into the atmosphere and the amount that is removed by natural processes like photosynthesis. (carbon dioxide, Global warming, oxygen, the greenhouse effect, carbon, decline, significant, climate change, rise, water, Climate change, or indetectable)
carbon;carbon dioxide
Global warming is contributing to _______________, which is causing ___________ changes many of the Earth's ecosystems. (carbon dioxide, Global warming, oxygen, the greenhouse effect, carbon, decline, significant, climate change, rise, water, Climate change, or indetectable)
climate change;significant
One subset of the group, Group C, receives no growth hormones of any kind. This group is called the _________. (genetically identical, a negative effect, no differently than, genetically diverse, better than, control group, test group, or a positive effect)
control group
Triple covalent bonds occur when three pairs of ____________ are shared between the outer shells of two atoms. Examples include the _________________. (strongest bond) (electrons, NaCl and MgCl2, bond between two nitrogen atoms, single covalent bonds, bond between 2 hydrogen atoms, double covalent bond, attraction between two molecules of water, hydrogen atoms, ions, hydrogen bonds, bond between 2 oxygen atoms, protons, ionic bonds)
electrons;bond between 2 nitrogen atoms
Use your knowledge of atomic structure to label this diagram of a nitrogen atom. http://imgur.com/a/qpXz1 (diagram link) (electron orbitals, electrons, 4 protons 2 neutrons, 14 protons 14 neutrons, nucleus, 7 protons 7 neutrons, neutrons)
electrons;nucleus;electron orbitals;7 protons 7 neutrons
Investigators want to study the effects of a new growth hormone on mice. To do this, they select a population of mice that are ________________. (genetically identical, a negative effect, no differently than, genetically diverse, better than, control group, test group, or a positive effect)
genetically identical
A state of biological balance, or _____________, is important for the survival of individual cells and ___________ alike. (external, feedback, groups, hormones, internal, location, mechanisms, range, temperature, homeostasis, or organisms)
homeostasis;organisms
Once results are analyzed, the findings show that Group A experiences a 20% increase in growth, Group B experiences a 10% increase in growth, and Group C experiences no increase in growth. These results show that the new growth hormone had a ______________ on growth and works __________ the old growth hormone. (genetically identical, a negative effect, no differently than, genetically diverse, better than, control group, test group, or a positive effect)
positive effect;better than
We use the term ________ to refer to the systematic way in which we go about learning about the world around us. (science or technology)
science
When this knowledge is applied to the interests of humans, we call it ____________. (science or technology)
technology
Examples of ____________ include cellular telephones and pharmaceutical drugs, both of which could be created based on _________ and its investigations into observable phenomena. (science or technology)
technology;science
Physiological factors such as ____________, water levels, and pH must remain within a certain ________ for cells and organisms to remain healthy and functional. (external, feedback, groups, hormones, internal, location, mechanisms, range, temperature, homeostasis, or organisms)
temperature;range
One subset of the group, Group A, receives the newly developed growth hormone. This group is called a ________. (genetically identical, a negative effect, no differently than, genetically diverse, better than, control group, test group, or a positive effect)
test group
One subset of the group, Group B, receives an already proven growth hormone. This group is called a _________. (genetically identical, a negative effect, no differently than, genetically diverse, better than, control group, test group, or a positive effect)
test group
