Bio Psych Exam 2 chapter 5

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ganglion cells

Bipolar cells send their messages to ____, which are located close to the center of the eye.​

​bipolar cells

In the human retina, messages go from receptors at the back of the eye to ____.​

True

Lateral inhibition is the reduction of activity in one neuron by activity in neighboring neurons.​

False

The cornea is an adjustable structure in the eye that focuses light.​

​every stimulation of the optic nerve is perceived as light

The law of specific nerve energies states that ____.​

​amacrine cells

Various types of ____ cells refine the input to ganglion cells, enabling them to respond specifically to shapes, movement, or other visual features.​

​It has the greatest perception of detail.

Which statement characterizes the fovea?​

Why do humans perceive faint light better in the periphery of the eye?​

​More receptors in the periphery than in the fovea funnel input to each ganglion cell.

____ are chemicals that release energy when struck by light.​

​Photopigments

Light energy converts 11-cis-retinal to ____.​

​all-trans-retinal

What type of cell responds to a pattern of light in a particular orientation anywhere within its large receptive field, regardless of the exact location of the stimulus?​

​complex

The retinas of predatory birds such as hawks ____.​

​have a greater density of receptors than do humans on the top half of the retina

What is responsible for sharpening contrast at visual borders?​

​lateral inhibition

The enhancement of contrast at the edge of an object is the result of ____.​

​lateral inhibition in the retina

The most common form of color vision deficiency is due to ____.​

​long- and medium-wavelength cones making the same photopigment

Axons from the lateral geniculate extend to which area of the cerebral cortex?​

​occipital lobe

​After you stare at a bright green object for a minute and look away, you see red. Which theory attempts to explain this finding?​

​opponent-process theory

The receptive field of a receptor is the ____.​

​point in space from which light strikes the receptor

A person with visual agnosia is unable to ____.​

​recognize visual objects

Someone with prosopagnosia has difficulty with ____.​

​recognizing faces

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, the most important factor in determining the color we see is the ____.​

​relative activity of short, medium, and long wavelengths

The primary visual cortex is also known as the ____.​

​striate cortex

Where does the optic nerve send most of its information?​

​to the lateral geniculate

What is one way to determine whether a given cell in the primary visual cortex is "simple" or "complex"?​

​whether it can respond equally to lines in more than one location


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