Bio Psych Exam 2 chapter 5
ganglion cells
Bipolar cells send their messages to ____, which are located close to the center of the eye.
bipolar cells
In the human retina, messages go from receptors at the back of the eye to ____.
True
Lateral inhibition is the reduction of activity in one neuron by activity in neighboring neurons.
False
The cornea is an adjustable structure in the eye that focuses light.
every stimulation of the optic nerve is perceived as light
The law of specific nerve energies states that ____.
amacrine cells
Various types of ____ cells refine the input to ganglion cells, enabling them to respond specifically to shapes, movement, or other visual features.
It has the greatest perception of detail.
Which statement characterizes the fovea?
Why do humans perceive faint light better in the periphery of the eye?
More receptors in the periphery than in the fovea funnel input to each ganglion cell.
____ are chemicals that release energy when struck by light.
Photopigments
Light energy converts 11-cis-retinal to ____.
all-trans-retinal
What type of cell responds to a pattern of light in a particular orientation anywhere within its large receptive field, regardless of the exact location of the stimulus?
complex
The retinas of predatory birds such as hawks ____.
have a greater density of receptors than do humans on the top half of the retina
What is responsible for sharpening contrast at visual borders?
lateral inhibition
The enhancement of contrast at the edge of an object is the result of ____.
lateral inhibition in the retina
The most common form of color vision deficiency is due to ____.
long- and medium-wavelength cones making the same photopigment
Axons from the lateral geniculate extend to which area of the cerebral cortex?
occipital lobe
After you stare at a bright green object for a minute and look away, you see red. Which theory attempts to explain this finding?
opponent-process theory
The receptive field of a receptor is the ____.
point in space from which light strikes the receptor
A person with visual agnosia is unable to ____.
recognize visual objects
Someone with prosopagnosia has difficulty with ____.
recognizing faces
According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, the most important factor in determining the color we see is the ____.
relative activity of short, medium, and long wavelengths
The primary visual cortex is also known as the ____.
striate cortex
Where does the optic nerve send most of its information?
to the lateral geniculate
What is one way to determine whether a given cell in the primary visual cortex is "simple" or "complex"?
whether it can respond equally to lines in more than one location