BIO Quiz for 4 and 5

What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell? Multiple Choice A. ribosome B. nucleus C. plasma membrane D. lysosome E. vacuole

C. plasma membrane

Without gap junctions in certain tissues, Multiple Choice A. cells would not be able to communicate with each other. B. fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create. C. the tissues would not be able to expand and stretch without damage. D. nutrients would not be able to be passed from cell to cell. E. cells would not be able to migrate during their development.

A. cells would not be able to communicate with each other.

Viruses can be viewed with Multiple Choice A. the human eye. B. an electron microscope. C. a light microscope. D. a magnifying glass. E. a dissecting microscope.

B. an electron microscope.

Receptor proteins allow a cell to Multiple Choice A. transport water into the cytoplasm. B. bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body. C. allow the passage of H+ ions into the cell. D. perform metabolic reactions. E. divide.

B. bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body.

The main structural component of a plant cell wall is Multiple Choice A. protein. B. cellulose. C. fatty acids. D. chitin. E. starch.

B. cellulose.

What function do the carrier proteins embedded in the cell membrane serve? Multiple Choice A. simple diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. endocytosis D. exocytosis E. osmosis

B. facilitated diffusion

Simple diffusion of molecules occurs Multiple Choice A. from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration. B. in non-living systems as well as living systems. C. across plasma membranes only through transport proteins. D. until those molecules are more highly concentrated on one side of the plasma membrane. E. only in molecules that are in a gaseous state.

B. in non-living systems as well as living systems.

Which of the following is an example of simple diffusion? Multiple Choice A. Salting meat serves as a preservative. B. Vegetables placed in fresh water firm up. C. A sugar cube dissolves in coffee. D. Strawberries placed in sugar become syrupy. E. Eating salty popcorn makes people's lips dry.

C. A sugar cube dissolves in coffee.

Which of these words should be classified separately from the others? Multiple Choice A. osmosis B. diffusion C. passive transport D. active transport E. facilitated diffusion

D. active transport

Which of the following is a mechanism used to regulate enzyme activity? Multiple Choice A. osmosis B. facilitated diffusion C. active transport D. feedback inhibition E. phagocytosis

D. feedback inhibition

Autophagy is a process by which a cell breaks down and destroys old, damaged, or abnormal proteins and other substances in its cytoplasm. Autophagy is a function of which organelle? Multiple Choice A. smooth endoplasmic reticulum B. vacuoles C. centrioles D. microtubules E. lysosomes

E. lysosomes

ATP is a good source of energy for a cell because Multiple Choice A. it is able to be used in only one type of reaction. B. its breakdown is coupled with energy-requiring reactions. C. it provides excess energy for cellular reactions. D. it is not reusable. E. it takes no energy to make it.

B. its breakdown is coupled with energy-requiring reactions.

When an enzyme is present Multiple Choice A. less energy is needed to bring about a reaction. B. more energy is needed to bring about a reaction. C. there is no change in the amount of energy needed to bring about a reaction. D. no reaction will occur. E. no energy will be needed at all.

A. less energy is needed to bring about a reaction.

What process allows water to move across a cell membrane? Multiple Choice A. osmosis B. active transport C. phagocytosis D. facilitated diffusion E. passive transport

A. osmosis

Eukaryotic cells have DNA enclosed in a double membrane called the nucleus. The nucleus functions to Multiple Choice A. separate the DNA from other activities that occur in the cytoplasm. B. prevent the DNA from influencing the activities in the cytoplasm. C. prevent materials associated with the DNA from coming into contact with the cell's cytoplasm. D. separate the DNA and mRNA from the cytoplasm. E. separate the DNA from the RNA.

A. separate the DNA from other activities that occur in the cytoplasm.

The cell walls of bacterial cells and plant cells function in Multiple Choice A. moving organelles throughout the cell. B. maintaining cell shape C. producing the cytoskeleton. D. containing DNA. E. modifying lipids and proteins.

B. maintaining cell shape

A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a bacterial cell. This process is called Multiple Choice A. active transport. B. phagocytosis. C. exocytosis. D. pinocytosis. E. facilitated diffusion.

B. phagocytosis.

Both plants and animals need mitochondria to Multiple Choice A. produce glucose. B. produce ATP. C. produce lipids. D. break down proteins. E. manufacture phospholipids.

B. produce ATP.

In which way are vesicles different from vacuoles? Multiple Choice A. they are not made from membranes B. they are smaller C. vesicles are more specialized than vacuoles D. they are most often involved in storage E. they are primarily found in plant cells

B. they are smaller

Intestinal cells absorb glucose via active transport. What would happen if all the mitochondria within these intestinal cells were destroyed? Multiple Choice A. Glucose absorption would increase. B. The cells would switch to sucrose. C. Glucose absorption would decrease. D. Glucose absorption would not be affected. E. Glucose absorption would be slow at first and then increase. Explanation

C. Glucose absorption would decrease.

Which organelle modifies the contents within vesicles and then repackages them for export? Multiple Choice A. smooth ER B. rough ER C. Golgi apparatus D. ribosomes E. plasma membrane

C. Golgi apparatus

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. Which of the following processes could the cell use to obtain more calcium? Multiple Choice A. passive transport B. diffusion C. active transport D. osmosis E. pinocytosis

C. active transport

Mitochondria are found in Multiple Choice A. plant cells. B. animal cells only. C. both plant cells and animal cells. D. neither plant cells nor animal cells. E. animal cells and bacterial cells only.

C. both plant cells and animal cells.

When a potted houseplant is wilting, the addition of water quickly changes the look of the plant. This can be accounted for by which of the following statements? Multiple Choice A. The water creates a hypertonic environment causing the cells to lose water. B. The water creates a hypotonic environment causing cells to lose water. C. The water creates a hypertonic environment causing the cells to gain water. D. The water creates a hypotonic environment causing the cells to gain water. E. The water creates an isotonic environment that allows for the cells to neither gain nor lose water.

D. The water creates a hypotonic environment causing the cells to gain water.

The opposite of a turgid plant cell is a Multiple Choice A. hypertonic plant cell. B. osmotic plant cell. C. isotonic plant cell. D. plasmolyzed plant cell. E. ruptured plant cell.

D. plasmolyzed plant cell.

Cell size is limited because ________Blank is critical to a cell's function. Multiple Choice A. the number of microvilli B. the size of the nucleus C. cilia movement D. surface-area-to-volume ratio E. the ability to photosynthesize

D. surface-area-to-volume ratio

Why do metabolic pathways require tens to hundreds of different enzymes? Multiple Choice A. The enzymes are used up after one reaction and the molecules have to undergo multiple rearrangements. B. The enzyme is deformed by the interaction with the substrate and needs a period of time to return to its original reactive form, so many enzymes are needed to keep the pathway going. C. Since each step in a pathway utilizes a new substrate, a different enzyme is required for each step. D. Multiple enzymes are not required for the pathway, but having multiple enzymes speeds up the production of the final product. E. The enzymes are attached to a membrane and cannot move to the location of the new intermediate, so having a long line of enzymes to carry out the reaction allows the reaction to occur faster.

C. Since each step in a pathway utilizes a new substrate, a different enzyme is required for each step.

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which energy flows through an ecosystem? Multiple Choice A. solar energy - mitochondria - chloroplast B. chloroplast - solar energy - mitochondria C. solar energy - chloroplast - mitochondria D. mitochondria - solar energy - chloroplast E. chloroplast - mitochondria - solar energy

C. solar energy - chloroplast - mitochondria

Which of the following is a correct matching of an organelle and its function? Multiple Choice A. Golgi apparatus - protein synthesis B. mitochondrion - cellular control center C. lysosome - transport D. vacuole - storage E. endoplasmic reticulum - intracellular digestion

D. vacuole - storage

Which of the following is NOT a function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells? Multiple Choice A. enables cells to migrate along intracellular fibers B. permits communication between the extracellular matrix and the cells C. creates a variety of consistencies for cells to live in, from flexible cartilage to solid bone D. helps cells have flexibility E. provides a channel for water and ion flow between adjacent cell walls

E. provides a channel for water and ion flow between adjacent cell walls

Which of the following is a function of junction proteins? Multiple Choice A. to enable our bodies to distinguish between our own cells and the cells of other organisms B. to allow information to pass between adjacent cells C. to bind cells together into a functional organ D. to permit cells to recognize one another E. to assist in cell-to-cell adhesion and allow cell-to-cell communication

E. to assist in cell-to-cell adhesion and allow cell-to-cell communication

Both starch and cellulose are polysaccharides made by stringing together many glucose molecules, but starch is easily digested by humans, while cellulose is indigestible. Starch has every bond occurring below the sugar rings while the bonds in cellulose alternate between one bond above the ring and the next below the ring. How can you explain humans' inability to digest starch but not cellulose? Multiple Choice A. The enzyme that breaks down polysaccharides can only fit the specific bond configuration within a starch molecule. B. Humans do not eat cellulose. C. The acidic molecules found in stomach acid cannot act on the bonds that are above the sugar rings in cellulose. D. The alternating bonds make the cellulose molecule too large and bulky to enter cells for digestion. E. Cellular respiration is only capable of breaking down specific bonds.

A. The enzyme that breaks down polysaccharides can only fit the specific bond configuration within a starch molecule.

ATP breakdown provides the energy necessary for building a protein. This is an example of which concept? Multiple Choice A. coupled reactions B. the first law of thermodynamics C. enzyme inhibition D. receptor-mediated endocytosis E. active transport

A. coupled reactions

All cells have some characteristics in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have Multiple Choice A. cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA. B. a cell membrane and cytoplasm. C. a nucleus and a cell membrane. D. cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and a nucleus. E. DNA and a cell membrane.

A. cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA.

Which one of the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion? A. chloride ions B. hemoglobin C. carbon dioxide D. glucose E. starch

C. carbon dioxide

If blood cells are placed in a hypotonic solution, the cells will Multiple Choice A. shrink due to water loss by the cell. B. be unaffected since they have a cell membrane to separate them from the solution. C. swell due to osmosis. D. burst due to active transport. E. shrink due to the loss of solutes from the blood cell.

C. swell due to osmosis.

As a molecule moves through the plasma membrane it passes through Multiple Choice A. a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid heads, then a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid tails, and then another hydrophobic layer of phospholipid heads. B. a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails, then a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads, and then another hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails. C. a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads, then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails. D. a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads, then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails, and then another hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads. E. a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails, and then a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads.

D. a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads, then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails, and then another hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads.