Bio Test 3
During human fertilization, _______________ fuse to produce a __________.
A male and female gamete; Zygote
For an X-linked recessive allele, what proportion of female offspring will be carriers in the cross of an affected father and a noncarrying mother? A) 100 percent B) 50 percent C) 0 percent
A) 100 percent
What is adaptive radiation? A) A lineage undergoes a burst of genetic divergences that gives rise to many species B) The event when a species no longer has living members C) Large-scale evolutionary patterns and trends in speciation D) Changes in allele frequency that are always occurring in natural populations
A) A lineage undergoes a burst of genetic divergences that gives rise to many species
What is a dimorphism? A) A trait with two distinct forms originating from the interaction of two alleles of a single gene B) A trait consisting of a continuous spectrum of forms influenced by the interaction of multiple genes and multiple alleles C) A trait with three or more distinct forms linked to multiple alleles of a single gene
A) A trait with two distinct forms originating from the interaction of two alleles of a single gene
Which of the following is\are abnormalities that are the result of Autosomal Dominant Inheritance patterns? A) Achondroplasia (dwarfism) B) Albinism C) Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome
A) Achondroplasia (dwarfism)
Which event is least likely to lead to allopatric speciation? A) An entire population migrates together from one side of a canyon to another B) Formation of a large urban area that divides a forest C) Construction of a dam that separates two sections of a river D) A new river forms that splits a valley
A) An entire population migrates together from one side of a canyon to another
Which of the following is an example of environmental impacts on the expression of traits? A) Animal coat color shifts in response to seasonal changes in day length and temperature. B) An individual's blood type depends on the interaction of the alleles A, B, or O. C) Heterozygous individuals of a plant species have pink flowers, whereas homozygous individuals have either red or white flowers.
A) Animal coat color shifts in response to seasonal changes in day length and temperature.
In a pedigree, affected individuals are usually represented in which of the following ways? A) As filled-in shapes B) As circles C) As empty shapes D) As squares
A) As filled-in shapes
Which of the following contribute to variation? A) Crossing over during meiosis B) Cloning C) The random alignment of homologous chromosomes on the equator during meiosis contributes to variation. D) Asexual reproduction
A) Crossing over during meiosis C) The random alignment if homologous chromosomes on the equator during meiosis contributes to variation
Which type of large-scale change in chromosome structure is rare because it is usually fatal to the embryo? A) Deletion B) Duplication C) Recombination D) Inversion
A) Deletion
What is a mode of natural selection that favors a phenotype at one end of a range of variation? A) Directional selection B) Stabilizing selection C) Disruptive selection
A) Directional selection
Within a diploid animal species, what are potential sources of variation in shared, heritable traits? Select all that apply. A) Fertilization B) Mitotic division of somatic cells C) Genetic engineering of somatic cells D) Meiosis E) Mutations in the germ line
A) Fertilization D) Meiosis E) Mutations in the germ line
Which factors are necessary for allopatric speciation to occur? Select all that apply. A) Geographical isolation B) Genetic drift or natural selection C) Gene flow D) Reproductive isolation
A) Geographical isolation B) Genetic drift or natural selection D) Reproductive isolation
Having two genes that are the same for a certain trait is called ? A) Homozygous B) Heterozygous C) The same D) Homozanious
A) Homozygous
Which of the following disorders in humans has an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern? A) Huntington's disease B) Hemophilia C) Tay-Sachs disease D) Albinism
A) Huntington's disease
Which of the following inheritance patterns results in a phenotypic ratio of 1:2:1 in a monohybrid cross? A) Incomplete dominance B) Epistasis C) Mendelian inheritance pattern
A) Incomplete dominance
Which of the following factors can lead to microevolution within a population? Select all that apply. A) Natural selection B) Genetic drift C) Gene flow D) Mutation
A) Natural selection B) Genetic drift C) Gene flow D) Mutation
We have two alleles for every autosomal gene. How are these alleles inherited? A) One from the mother and one from the father B) Two from the mother and none from the father C) Two from the father and two from the mother D) Two from the father and none from the mother
A) One from the mother and one from the father
Which of the following is defined as an individual's observable traits? A) Phenotype B) Gene C) Allele D) Genotype
A) Phenotype
What are potential applications of cladistics and phylogenetics? Select all that apply. A) Predict pathogen-host associations and potential disease risk in target populations B) Assess the relatedness of different species and genera within a family of organisms C) Correlate evolutionary divergences among a species with the behavior and dispersal patterns of existing populations D) Assess the diversity of target species or groups for conservation efforts
A) Predict pathogen-host associations and potential disease risk in target populations B) Assess the relatedness of different species and genera within a family of organisms C) Correlate evolutionary divergences among a species with the behavior and dispersal patterns of existing populations D) Assess the diversity of target species or groups for conservation efforts
Which of these outcomes are examples of reproductive isolation? Select all that apply. A) Reproduction occurs at different times B) Hybrid individuals or their offspring have similar fitness to the original species C) Hybrid individuals cannot produce offspring D) Individuals of different species are physically compatible and can engage in sex E) Mating occurs but fertilization does not occur
A) Reproduction occurs at different times C) Hybrid individuals cannot produce offspring E) Mating occurs but fertilization does not occur
The contrasting forms of the trait that Mendel examined in his pea plants were A) white and purple flowers B) green and white peas C) stringy and bulky stems D) short and long life spans
A) white and purple flowers
Which of the following defines polygenic inheritance? A) An inheritance pattern in which a single gene affects multiple traits B) A pattern of inheritance in which multiple genes affect one trait C) An inheritance pattern in which one allele is not fully dominant over another, so the heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate blend of the two homozygous phenotypes D) An inheritance pattern in which the full and separate phenotypic effects of two alleles are apparent in heterozygous individuals
B) A pattern of inheritance in which multiple genes affect one trait
During which of the following stages of meiosis can nondisjunction occur? A) Telophase I B) Anaphase I C) Prophase I D) Metaphase I
B) Anaphase I
Which of the following stages of meiosis II involves separation and movement of the sister chromatids toward the spindle poles? A) Metaphase II B) Anaphase II C) Telophase II D) Prophase II
B) Anaphase II
Which of the following genotypes is possible for an individual with brown eyes? Select all that apply. A) B B) BB C) Bb D) bb
B) BB C) Bb
Which genotype indicates a carrier of an autosomal recessive trait? A) BB B) Bb C) bb
B) Bb
What is the process in which two closely interacting species jointly act as selective agents of traits for each other? A) Microevolution B) Coevolution C) Adaptive radiation D) Macroevolution
B) Coevolution
Which of the following is a genetic disorder? A) Albinism B) Cystic fibrosis C) Red hair D) Polydactyly
B) Cystic Fibrosis
What is a mode of natural selection that favors a phenotype at one end of the range of variation? A) Stabilizing selection B) Directional selection C) Disruptive selection
B) Directional selection
What can result when a small group of related individuals forms a new, isolated population? Select all that apply. A) Increased gene flow B) Founder effect C) Decreased likelihood of fixed alleles D) Inbreeding E) Bottleneck
B) Founder effect D) Inbreeding E) Bottleneck
Which of the following is indicated by roman numerals in a pedigree? A) Sex B) Generation C) Marriage status D) Presence of the studied trait
B) Generation
Which genotype conveys greater fitness when infected with malaria? A) HbA, HbA B) HbA, HbS C) HbS, HbS
B) HbA, HbS
Which of the following disorders results in an inability to form normal blood clots? A) Achondroplasia B) Hemophilia A C) Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome D) Tay-Sachs
B) Hemophilia A
Which of the following genetic disorders results in dramatically accelerated aging? A) Huntington's disease B) Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome C) Tay-Sachs disease D) Albinism
B) Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome
A child more strongly resembles the maternal grandmother than the maternal grandfather. One explanation could be due to random chromosome alignment during which stage of the mother's gamete formation? A) Metaphase II B) Metaphase I C) Telophase II D) Telophase I
B) Metaphase I
What condition results from the fusion of a normal gamete (n) and a gamete missing a chromosome (n - 1)? A) Trisomy B) Monosomy C) Tetraploidy D) Triploidy
B) Monosomy
Which of the following statements about Gregor Mendel's connection to Charles Darwin's work is correct? A) Darwin used the work of Mendel to defend his theory of natural selection. B) Neither Darwin nor Mendel believed in the idea of "blending inheritance." C) Mendel discovered the idea of "blending inheritance," which Darwin did not agree with. D) Both Darwin and Mendel studied the gradual change in pea plant populations over time.
B) Neither Darwin nor Mendel believed in the idea of "blending inheritance."
During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes form pairs? A) Anaphase I B) Prophase I C) Prophase II D) Metaphase II
B) Prophase I
During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur? A) Anaphase II B) Prophase I C) Metaphase I D) Prophase II
B) Prophase I
A gene for a trait that is hidden when the dominant gene is present is\are referred to as ? A) Recessitative jeans B) Recessive gene C) Heterozygous D) Codominant E) A wimpy gene
B) Recessive gene
What are characteristics of sympatric speciation? Select all that apply. A) Reproductive isolation unnecessary to end gene flow B) Reproductive isolation necessary to end gene flow C) Divergence within a population leads to speciation D) Absence of a physical barrier E) Presence of a physical barrier
B) Reproductive isolation necessary to end gene flow C) Divergence within a population leads to speciation D) Absence of a physical barrier
What type of cells do not undergo mitosis? A) Skin cells B) Sperm cells C) Blood cells D) Bone cells
B) Sperm Cells
Which of these scenarios is an example of disruptive selection? A) Intermediate gray morphs of a butterfly population are maintained, and the extreme dark and light color morphs have been eliminated. B) The dark and light color morphs of a butterfly population are maintained, and the intermediate gray morph has been eliminated from the population. C) A new, unique color form arises from a mutation in a population of butterflies. D) Darker colored morphs in a butterfly population are more adaptive than lighter colored morphs, and lighter colored morphs are eliminated from the population.
B) The dark and light color morphs of a butterfly population are maintained, and the intermediate gray morph has been eliminated from the population.
Which of the following is true of meiosis and mitosis? A) All daughter cells produced are genetically identical to the parent cell. B) The genome is duplicated before mitosis or meiosis occurs. C) All daughter cells produced are genetically identical. D) Crossing over occurs, increasing genetic variation.
B) The genome is duplicated before mitosis or meiosis occurs.
What do the letters on the outside of a Punnett square represent? A) The genotype of the offspring B) The genotype of the parents C) The phenotype of the parents D) The phenotype of the offspring
B) The genotype of the parents
Pea plants that are demonstrate the heterozygous condition will produce ? A) red flowers B) purple flowers C) white flowers D) purple and white flowers E) pink flowers
B) purple flowers
An albino father and a mother that is a carrier for albinism have a ? chance of having a child that is an albino. A) 0 B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% E) 100%
C) 50%
If an individual is homozygous dominant for a given allele (AA), what allele will be carried by that individual's gametes? A) AA B) a C) A D) aa
C) A
Which of these is an example of a key innovation? A) Co-occurring diploid species of wheat and goatgrass hybridize to form a viable tetraploid offspring that can no longer breed with its parents. B) A new flower color morph arises in a plant population, but an associated pollinator does not distinguish flowers by color. C) A founding population of honeycreepers evolves beaks capable of cracking the seed of a tree species in their new habitat. D) A caterpillar of a butterfly species provides honey to an ant colony in order to receive protection and care.
C) A founding population of honeycreepers evolves beaks capable of cracking the seed of a tree species in their new habitat.
What is the gene pool? A) Forms of a gene with slightly different DNA sequences that may encode slightly different versions of the gene's product B) The abundance of a particular allele among members of a population C) All of the alleles of all the genes in a population D) A part of a chromosome that encodes an RNA or protein product in its DNA sequence
C) All of the alleles of all the genes in a population
What characterizes the independent assortment of genes into gametes? A) Different alleles on the same chromosome that are far apart usually sort together. B) Different alleles on the same chromosome that are close together usually sort independently. C) Alleles of genes on one pair of homologous chromosomes tend to sort independently of alleles on other chromosomes. D) Alleles of genes on one pair of homologous chromosomes sort depending on the assortment of alleles on other chromosomes.
C) Alleles of genes on one pair of homologous chromosomes tend to sort independently of alleles on other chromosomes.
Which of the following statements about X-linked recessive patterns is true? A) Heterozygous females always express the X-linked recessive trait. B) The X-linked trait appears more often in females than in males. C) An affected father can never pass an X-linked recessive allele to an XY son. D) An affected father can never pass an X-linked recessive allele to a daughter.
C) An affected father can never pass an X-linked recessive allele to an XY son.
Which of the following defines a germ cell? A) A diploid cell that forms when two gametes fuse B) A mature, haploid reproductive cell C) An immature reproductive cell that gives rise to haploid gametes when it divides D) A form of a gene that may encode for different versions of the gene's product
C) An immature reproductive cell that gives rise to haploid gametes when it divides
In which stage of meiosis is the chromosome number halved? A) Telophase I B) Prophase I C) Anaphase I D) Metaphase I
C) Anaphase I
Which of the following disorders arises from translocation events? A) Duchenne muscular dystrophy B) Huntington's disease C) Burkitt lymphoma D) Infertility
C) Burkitt lymphoma
Which of the following is an X-linked Recessive Inheritance Pattern? A) Achondroplasia B) Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome C) Color-blindness D) Albinism
C) Color-blindness
The distribution of the data in a graph showing the relative abundance of human height phenotypes follows a bell-shaped curve. This bell-shaped curve is indicative of which of the following? A) Incomplete dominance B) Mendelian inheritance pattern C) Continuous variation D) Codominance
C) Continuous variation
Large-scale changes in chromosome structure are usually caused by errors in which of the following? A) Inversion B) Duplication C) Crossing over D) Deletion
C) Crossing over
What do horizontal rows represent in a pedigree? A) Siblings B) Marriages C) Generations
C) Generations
Which of the following is a change in allele frequency due to chance alone? A) Founder effect B) Gene flow C) Genetic drift D) Bottleneck
C) Genetic drift
The concept that the distribution of one chromosome does not affect the distribution of any other chromosome during meiosis is known as which of the following? A) Random fertilization B) Crossing over C) Independent assortment
C) Independent sortment
Predict what would happen if an environmental change occurred and caused the death of one member of an asexual reproducing population. A) It is highly probable that a few other members of the population would die. B) It is highly probable that no other members of the population would die. C) It is highly probable that all members of the population would die. D) It is impossible to make a prediction based on one member of the population.
C) It is highly probable that all members of the population would die.
Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to variation in a population? A) Sexual reproduction B) Changes in chromosome number or structure C) Natural selection
C) Natural selection
Which of the following statements correctly indicates why a species might undergo adaptive radiation in its evolutionary history? A) The species' environment remained relatively unchanged, so it did not exert new selection pressures on the species. B) The species' environment was very strongly selecting for specific traits, and any new traits died out. C) New barriers to reproduction arose, stopping gene flow and isolating populations from one another.
C) New barriers to reproduction arose, stopping gene flow and isolating populations from one another.
Which of the following processes leads to aneuploidy, the condition of having too many or too few copies of a particular chromosome? Select all that apply. A) Proper separation of chromosomes during meiosis B) Proper separation of chromosomes during mitosis C) Nondisjunction of chromosomes during mitosis D) Nondisjunction of chromosomes during meiosis
C) Nondisjunction of chromosomes during mitosis D) Nondisjunction of chromosomes during meiosis
Which of the following are an organism's observable traits known as? A) Genotype B) Alleles C) Phenotype D) Genome
C) Phenotype
In a pedigree, which of the following shapes indicates a male individual? A) Diamond B) Circle C) Square D) Assessment question
C) Square
Which of the following disorders is\are the result of an Autosomal Recessive Inheritance pattern? A) Achondroplasia (dwarfism) B) Huntington's disease C) Tay-Sachs disorder D) two of the above E) three of the above
C) Tay-Sachs disorder
Which of the following defines a genotype? A) An individual's observable traits B) A part of a chromosome that encodes an RNA or protein product in its DNA sequence C) The particular set of alleles that is carried in an individual's chromosomes D) Forms of a gene with slightly different DNA sequences that may encode slightly different versions of the gene's product
C) The particular set of alleles that is carried in an individual's chromosomes
Which of the following is described as a structural rearrangement of a chromosome in which a broken piece has become reattached in the wrong location? A) Deletion B) Duplication C) Translocation D) Inversion
C) Translocation
A heritable change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's gamete is an example of _____. A) segregation of chromosomes B) fertilization C) a mutation that can be passed on D) independent assortment
C) a mutation that can be passed on
Organisms are typically considered different species if they _____. A) migrate from one area to another B) share adaptations that increase their fitness C) can no longer interbreed in nature to produce fertile offspring D) are varied in appearance
C) can no longer interbreed in nature to produce fertile offspring
In autosomal dominant inheritance, a person who inherits one dominant allele for Marfan syndrome _____. A) will not have the symptoms of Marfan syndrome B) will pass on Marfan syndrome to 100 percent of all possible children C) will have the symptoms of Marfan syndrome D) will be a carrier for Marfan syndrome
C) will have the symptoms of Marfan syndrome
In autosomal recessive inheritance, a person who has one recessive allele for PKU _____. A) will have the symptoms of PKU but will not be a carrier B) will have the symptoms of PKU and will be a carrier C) will not have the symptoms of PKU but will be a carrier D) will not have the symptoms of PKU and will not be a carrier
C) will not have the symptoms of PKU but will be a carrier
Human germ cells contain ? chromosomes, and human gametes will contain ? chromosomes. A) 1, 2 B) 2, 1 C) 23, 46 D) 46, 23
D) 46, 23
Say a woman who has DMD has many children with a man who does not have DMD. What will their children be? A) All of their daughters will have DMD, and all of their sons will be carriers. B) All of their daughters will have DMD, and none of their sons will. C) Neither their daughters nor their sons will have DMD. D) All of their daughters will be carriers, and all of their sons will have DMD.
D) All of their daughters will be carriers, and all of their sons will have DMD.
Which of the following describes a linkage group? A) An individual who has two identical alleles at the same locus on homologous chromosomes B) A particular location on a chromosome C) An individual who is heterozygous for a given gene D) All the genes on a chromosome
D) All the genes on a chromosome
Which of the following is an example of codominance? A) A pea plant with white flowers. B) A pink snapdragon. C) An individual with Blood Type O. D) An individual with Blood Type AB. E) Two of the above
D) An individual with blood type AB
Which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction over sexual reproduction? A) Asexual reproduction requires a partner. B) The resulting offspring have no genetic diversity. C) Asexual reproduction leads to offspring with high genetic diversity. D) Asexual reproduction does not require a partner.
D) Asexual reproduction does not require a partner.
Which source of genetic variation creates individual chromosomes that are a combination of maternal and paternal genes? A) Mutation B) Independent assortment C) Fertilization D) Crossing over
D) Crossing over
Which of the following is NOT true of crossing over? A) Crossing over can occur multiple times per pair of homologous chromosomes. B) Crossing over increases genetic variation. C) Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis. D) Crossing over can occur only once per pair of homologous chromosomes.
D) Crossing over can occur only once per pair of homologous chromosomes.
Which of the following occurs during metaphase I? A) The spindle separates the homologous chromosomes and moves them toward opposite spindle poles. B) Homologous chromosomes pack tightly, pair up, and swap segments. C) A complete set of chromosomes cluster at each cell end, and two haploid nuclei are produced. D) Homologous chromosome pairs are aligned midway between spindle poles.
D) Homologous chromosome pairs are aligned midway between spindle poles.
What does a phenotype ratio of 3:1 among offspring in a monohybrid cross indicate? A) The alleles that govern one trait assort into gametes independently of alleles that govern another trait. B) The alleles that govern one trait assort into gametes together with the alleles that govern another trait. C) It indicates that the alleles governing the phenotypes do not follow a Mendelian inheritance pattern. D) It indicates that the alleles governing the phenotypes follow a Mendelian inheritance pattern.
D) It indicates that the alleles governing the phenotypes follow a Mendelian inheritance pattern.
Crossing over is one of the most important events in meiosis because _____. A) It decreases genetic diversity. B) The number of chromosomes allotted to each daughter cell must be halved. C) Homologous chromosomes must be separated into different daughter cells. D) It produces new combinations of alleles on chromosomes. E) Homologous chromatids must be separated into different daughter cells.
D) It produces new combinations of alleles on chromosomes
Which of the following disorders in humans has an X-linked recessive inheritance pattern? A) Tay-Sachs disease B) Marfan syndrome C) Hutchinson-Gilford progeria D) Red-green color blindness
D) Red-green color blindness
Which of the following is an advantage of sexually reproducing populations over asexually reproducing populations? A) Sexually reproducing populations produce genetically identical offspring. B) Sexually reproducing populations require partners to reproduce. C) Sexually reproducing populations do not require partners to reproduce. D) Sexually reproducing populations are more resilient against the effects of harmful mutations.
D) Sexually reproducing populations are more resilient against the effects of harmful mutations.
Which of the following best describes anaphase II of meiosis? A) Crossing over occurs, during which sections of homologous chromosomes are swapped. B) Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart. C) Chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate. D) Sister chromatids are pulled apart.
D) Sister chromatids are pulled apart
Which of the following leads to a buildup of toxic compounds in the brain which results in affected children dying in most cases by age five? A) Achondroplasia B) Huntington's disorder C) Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome D) Tay-Sachs disease
D) Tay-Sachs disease
Which of the following occurs during metaphase II? A) A nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes to form four haploid nuclei. B) Spindle microtubules attach to each sister chromatid as the nuclear envelope breaks up. C) The sister chromatids separate and move toward the spindle poles. D) The chromosomes align midway between spindle poles.
D) The chromosomes align midway between spindle poles.
Diploid cells A) have two copies of each type of chromosome. B) inherit a gene for every trait from both parents. C) contain 23 chromosomes from each parent in humans. D) all of the above E) none of the above
D) all of the above
The result of independent assortment is gametes that each contain _____. A) all of the maternal chromosomes B) all of the maternal and paternal chromosomes C) all of the paternal chromosomes D) different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes
D) different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes
Some duplications can have negative effects on embryonic development by _____. A) removing all copies of an essential gene B) giving extra copies of genes an opportunity to mutate C) reversing the order of the genes on part of the chromosome D) increasing the dosage of proteins controlled by duplicated genes
D) increasing the dosage of proteins controlled by duplicated genes
Down Syndrome A) results from trisomy 21 B) results from an extra sex chromosome C) will result in a chromosome number of 47 instead of 46 D) two of the above E) three of the above
D) two of the above
During which of the following phases are sister chromatids pulled apart? A) Anaphase of Mitosis B) Anaphase I of Meiosis C) Anaphase II of Meiosis D) two of the above E) three of the above
D) two of the above
Which of the following contribute to variation? A) Crossing over during meiosis contributes to variation. B) The random alignment of homologous chromosomes on the equator during meiosis contributes to variation. C) Asexual reproduction contributes to variation. D) two of the above E) three of the above
D) two of the above
An individual with the same allele of a gene on both homologous chromosomes is ___________ for the allele. An individual with different alleles of a gene is ____________ for the allele.
Homozygous; Heterozygous
Which of the following stages of meiosis II involves the attachment of spindle microtubules to each sister chromatid? A) Prophase II B) Anaphase II C) Metaphase II D) Telophase II
A) Prophase II
When a chromosome portion is lost due to unequal crossover, inversion or chemical attack it is called ? A) deletion B) inversion C) duplication D) translocation
A) deletion
Because an organism, in most cases, can have multiple possible versions of the same gene, the genes in homologous chromosomes might be slightly different from one another. These different gene versions are called _______.
Alleles
What is the likelihood that two purple flowered pea plants that are both heterozygous will produce an offspring with white flowers? A) 0 B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% E) 100%
B) 25%
What is the likelihood that two snapdragons that are crossed will produce an offspring w/ red flowers? A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% E) 100%
B) 25%
Which of the following is an outcome of crossing over? A) The production of gametes B) The introduction of novel combinations of alleles in offspring C) The formation of a zygote D) The production of genetically identical offspring
B) The introduction of novel combinations of alleles in offspring
Which of the following represents the genotype of Klinefelter syndrome? A) XXX B) XXY C) XO D) XYY
B) XXY
Crossing over occurs between ? and during ? A) non-sister chromatids, mitosis. B) non-sister chromatids, meiosis C) sister chromatids, mitosis. D) sister chromatids, meiosis.
B) non-sister chromatids, meiosis
Which of the following genotypes represents Turner syndrome? A) XXX B) XXY C) XO D) XYY
C) XO
Which of the following genotypes best represent an individual with Klinefelter Syndrome? A) XX B) XO C) XXY D) XYY E) Multiple X
C) XXY
Germ Cell
Creates gametes through mieosis
How many autosomes does an individual with down syndrome have? A) 22 B) 23 C) 44 D) 45 E) 46
D) 45
Which of the following is\are example(s) of disorders caused by Autosomal Dominant Inheritance patterns? A) Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria B) Hemophilia A C) Huntington's D) two of the above E) three of the above
D) two of the above
A color-blind mother and a father with normal color vision have a ? chance of having a color-blind son. A) 0 B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% E) 100%
E) 100%
Fertilization
Fusion of two gamete cells
Gametes are _______ cells that have a single set of chromosomes. The number of chromosomes in diploid zygotes is represented as _____.
Haploid; 2n
Before meiosis begins, a diploid cell has two copies of each ____________. During anaphase II of meiosis, ____________ are separated.
Homologous chromosomes; Sister chromatids
In ___________, one allele is not fully dominant over another, so the heterozygous phenotype is ______________.
Incomplete dominance; An intermediate blend between the homozygous phenotypes
The likelihood of any sperm cell reaching and fertilizing any egg cell ___________. This phenomenon is known as _______________.
Is approximately equal; Random fertilization
In a pedigree, the relationships between individual family members are represented as ______. Individuals who have the studied trait are represented by __________.
Lines; Filled shapes
Gamete
Mature haploid reproductive cell
In sexual reproduction, _____________ produces genetically diverse _______________.
Meiosis; haploid gametes
During ______, a diploid cell undergoes genome duplication and a single division producing two _____ daughter cells.
Mitosis; Diploid
The ________ of a species traces and defines its evolutionary history.
Phylogeny
How many sperm cells results from a single germ cell that completes Meiosis I and Meiosis II and cytoplasmic division?
4
Different forms of the same gene are called ? A) Alleles B) Mutations C) Oncoogenes D) Carcinomas
A) Alleles
A germ cell with 100 chromosomes will produce gametes with ? chromosomes. A) 1 B) 2 C) 50 D) 100 E) 200
C) 50
A father with Hemophilia A and a mother that is a carrier for Hemophilia A have a ? chance of having a son with Hemophilia A. A) 0 B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% E) 100%
C) 50%
Which stage of meiosis I is characterized by the formation of two haploid nuclei? A) Metaphase I B) Anaphase I C) Telophase I D) Prophase I
C) Telophase I
The ploidy of the cells produced after telophase I is ______________ the ploidy of the original cell.
Different than
Zygote
Diploid cell formed by fusion of two gamete cells; divides to form an embryo of a new organism
In both mitosis and ___________ , a spindle forms and separates sister chromatids. While mitosis produces two nuclei, meiosis II produces ______________.
Meiosis II; Four haploid nuclei
A ___________ is a cross between two individuals identically heterozygous for one gene. A _____________ is a cross between two individuals identically heterozygous for two genes.
Monohybrid cross; Dihybrid cross
In Mendel's law of segregation, a diploid cell has ___________ copies of every gene that occur on its homologous chromosomes. Alleles at any locus are distributed into separate gametes during meiosis. Collectively these statements make up Mendel's ____________.
Two; Law of segregation
