Bio Test 6 (Final)

How do bacteria move?

by fimbrae

What is a pro phage?

genetic material of a bacteriophage, incorporated into the genome of a bacterium and able to produce phages if specifically activated.

The most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is:

binary fission

Peptidoglycan consists of:

proteins only

Some bacteria avoid being phagocytized by a host's immune system by means of:

ameboid motion

Prokaryotes divide using a process called________.

binary fission

Another name for horizontal gene transfer is____________.

generic cell transfer

Which of the following cause disease and often death?

Diarrheal diseases

Most bacterial cells can keep from bursting in a hypotonic environment because of:

a stiff capsule

What are the viruses that attack bacteria?

phages

Which statement about bacteria is TRUE?

No bacteria can photosynthesize

The bacterium that causes botulism disease is harmless until it:

is irradiated by UV radiation

Viral proteins can damage host cells by which process?

Increasing the rate of fermentation within the host

Which of the following is the most common structure of a virus?

Bacteriophages

_______________ are those that have been almost eradicated and then suddenly recur, causing an epidemic.

Emerging Viruses

Before an animal cell's membrane fuses with a virus, the virus must first:

Replicate itself to attack numerous sites of the plasma membrane

Small hairlike structures made up of protein on the surface of bacteria are called:

capsids

What are the small circles of DNA that exist within the bacterial cytoplasm in addition to the bacterial chromosome?

capsids

What is vertical gene transfer?

transmission of an entire genome from parent to offspring

What is commensalism?

a relationship between 2 bacteria

Which of the following are responsible for some very serious diseases, including Ebola hemorrhagic fever?

Pathogens

At what stage of a lytic infection are phage components put together to make new viruses?

biosynthesis

What is the correct unit of measurement for the size of the most viruses?

nanometer

Which of the following are RNA viruses that have a DNA polymerase?

Measles virus

The DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called ____________.

Conjugates

How do retroviruses differ from other RNA viruses?

Retroviruses have a unique capsid shape

Which statement about an F factor is FALSE?

f stands for fertility

What is the purpose of sex pili?

to transmit enzymes between bacteria

What is a protein coat for a virus called?

capsid

What type of conversion occurs when a bacterium carrying viral genes takes on new, atypical characteristics?

lysogenic

Humans have __________ pairs of chromosomes.

23

What are sub viral agents that depend on co infection of a host cell with a helper virus?

Satellites

According to the progressive hypothesis, viruses may have originated as mobile genetic elements such as:

mRna

When a virus penetrates the host plasma membrane and moves into the cytoplasm it is called:

Replication and synthesis

What is a chain of round bacteria called?

Spirilla

The genome of most plant viruses consists of what kind of RNA?

mRNA

A bacterium that uses the oxidation of inorganic compounds to provide energy for manufacturing

parasite

Although bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, they can still perform the functions of these organelles by localizing certain metabolic enzymes on:

the plasma membrane

Which of the following are rod-shaped bacteria?

Vibrio

Which of the following typically occurs all at once and results in rapid cell lysis?

Phage Release

Which has an unusual characteristic in that their circular DNA does not have genes for making the proteins needed to replicate and produce new viruses?

Retroviruses

Why is penicillin ineffective against gram-negative bacteria?

its pushed away from the cell membrane by the fimbriae

What is the purpose of phage therapy?

To target specific bacteria in the body and destroy them

Which hypothesis asserts that viruses are remnants of cellular organisms and evolved from small cells that were parasites in larger cells?

Virus first hypothesis

How do some bacteria respond to adverse environmental conditions?

Bacteria forms endospores

Which structure acts like a motor for the bacterial flagellum?

capsule

Which characteristic defines a virus?

viruses cannot metabolize

At what stage of the lysogenic cycle would a prophage appear?

Integration

Bacterial conjugation is related to____________.

exotoxins