Bio Test 6 (Final)
How do bacteria move?
by fimbrae
What is a pro phage?
genetic material of a bacteriophage, incorporated into the genome of a bacterium and able to produce phages if specifically activated.
The most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is:
binary fission
Peptidoglycan consists of:
proteins only
Some bacteria avoid being phagocytized by a host's immune system by means of:
ameboid motion
Prokaryotes divide using a process called________.
binary fission
Another name for horizontal gene transfer is____________.
generic cell transfer
Which of the following cause disease and often death?
Diarrheal diseases
Most bacterial cells can keep from bursting in a hypotonic environment because of:
a stiff capsule
What are the viruses that attack bacteria?
phages
Which statement about bacteria is TRUE?
No bacteria can photosynthesize
The bacterium that causes botulism disease is harmless until it:
is irradiated by UV radiation
Viral proteins can damage host cells by which process?
Increasing the rate of fermentation within the host
Which of the following is the most common structure of a virus?
Bacteriophages
_______________ are those that have been almost eradicated and then suddenly recur, causing an epidemic.
Emerging Viruses
Before an animal cell's membrane fuses with a virus, the virus must first:
Replicate itself to attack numerous sites of the plasma membrane
Small hairlike structures made up of protein on the surface of bacteria are called:
capsids
What are the small circles of DNA that exist within the bacterial cytoplasm in addition to the bacterial chromosome?
capsids
What is vertical gene transfer?
transmission of an entire genome from parent to offspring
What is commensalism?
a relationship between 2 bacteria
Which of the following are responsible for some very serious diseases, including Ebola hemorrhagic fever?
Pathogens
At what stage of a lytic infection are phage components put together to make new viruses?
biosynthesis
What is the correct unit of measurement for the size of the most viruses?
nanometer
Which of the following are RNA viruses that have a DNA polymerase?
Measles virus
The DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called ____________.
Conjugates
How do retroviruses differ from other RNA viruses?
Retroviruses have a unique capsid shape
Which statement about an F factor is FALSE?
f stands for fertility
What is the purpose of sex pili?
to transmit enzymes between bacteria
What is a protein coat for a virus called?
capsid
What type of conversion occurs when a bacterium carrying viral genes takes on new, atypical characteristics?
lysogenic
Humans have __________ pairs of chromosomes.
23
What are sub viral agents that depend on co infection of a host cell with a helper virus?
Satellites
According to the progressive hypothesis, viruses may have originated as mobile genetic elements such as:
mRna
When a virus penetrates the host plasma membrane and moves into the cytoplasm it is called:
Replication and synthesis
What is a chain of round bacteria called?
Spirilla
The genome of most plant viruses consists of what kind of RNA?
mRNA
A bacterium that uses the oxidation of inorganic compounds to provide energy for manufacturing
parasite
Although bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, they can still perform the functions of these organelles by localizing certain metabolic enzymes on:
the plasma membrane
Which of the following are rod-shaped bacteria?
Vibrio
Which of the following typically occurs all at once and results in rapid cell lysis?
Phage Release
Which has an unusual characteristic in that their circular DNA does not have genes for making the proteins needed to replicate and produce new viruses?
Retroviruses
Why is penicillin ineffective against gram-negative bacteria?
its pushed away from the cell membrane by the fimbriae
What is the purpose of phage therapy?
To target specific bacteria in the body and destroy them
Which hypothesis asserts that viruses are remnants of cellular organisms and evolved from small cells that were parasites in larger cells?
Virus first hypothesis
How do some bacteria respond to adverse environmental conditions?
Bacteria forms endospores
Which structure acts like a motor for the bacterial flagellum?
capsule
Which characteristic defines a virus?
viruses cannot metabolize
At what stage of the lysogenic cycle would a prophage appear?
Integration
Bacterial conjugation is related to____________.
exotoxins