bio test
Mr. Miller's biology class is studying cellular respiration. To model cellular respiration, they set up an experiment containing four flasks. Each flask is the same size and are stoppered and placed under a floodlight. Each flask also contains 200 mL of H20 and 2 mL of bromothymol blue. Bromothymol blue is a chemical indicator solution that changes color from blue to yellow in the presence of CO2. The students then place a plant and/or fish into each flask (except for Flask #4 which is the control group) according to the table above. Which flask(s) will turn yellow and explain your reasoning. 1-plant 2- 2 fish 3-1 plant and 2 fish 4- nothing
#2 because the fish will produce CO2 as a byproduct. #3 will probably cancel each other out. The others are not producing CO2
Examine the results of an experiment below discussing how temperature affects cellular respiration. Identify the temperature at which oxygen levels would be predictably lowest and explain your reasoning.
50 °C because this is the optimal temperature for enzymes responsible for cellular respiration, and oxygen is consumed during cellular respiration.
The Law of Conservation of Mass reminds us that matter is neither created nor destroyed, so the atoms present in the reactants of photosynthesis are still present in the products of photosynthesis. Which of these equations accurately portrays this fact?
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
The process of photosynthesis can be represented by what chemical formula?
6CO2 + 6H2O------->C6H12O6 + 6O2
The only molecule the body can burn as a source of energy.
ATP
Heterotrophs take in mass in the form of food. Food is either used to build molecules within the body or as fuel for cellular respiration. If used for cellular respiration, this mass will eventually be converted into carbon dioxide, __, and __
ATP and water
What process releases the least ATP per molecule of glucose for immediate cell use?
Anerobic respiration
During photosynthesis, sugar C6H12O6 is produced from carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. Which statement BEST explains what happens during photosynthesis?
Atoms of compounds are rearranged to form new compounds.
Two students set up the following apparatus in a lab: a pipette was filled with a mixture of yeast and apple juice and inverted in a test tube filled with warm water. The students observed bubbles being released from the end of the pipette. What MOST LIKELY is the gas being released and the process used to make it?
Carbon dioxide probably from anaerobic respiration of fermentation.
In any food web, plants are considered to be producers. They convert sunlight (solar energy) into usable chemical energy (glucose). When we eat plants our bodies are using that chemical energy. What elements are rearranged to make glucose in plants? (hint: look at the chemical formula of glucose)
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are two of the major processes involved in cycling carbon through the carbon cycle. Examine the model. How does cellular respiration cycle carbon compounds through the biosphere? Choose ALL that apply.
Cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Cellular respiration uses carbon containing compounds to produce ATP.
what is missing? oxygen, carbon dioxide, sugar, water and...?
Energy
We know that the purpose of cellular respiration is to convert glucose into usable energy, ATP. That process takes several steps. One of the first steps in this energy conversion process is what?
Energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into stored chemical energy, in the form of NADPH and ATP
We know that the purpose of photosynthesis is to convert light energy into usable chemical energy. That process takes several steps. One of the first steps in this energy conversion process is what?
Energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into stored chemical energy, in the form of NADPH and ATP
What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
Glucose and O2
Name two different organisms or situations where anaerobic respiration occurs.
Human muscles and bacteria
Cellular respiration is the process animals use to convert food into chemical energy. Through this process, animals use the glucose produced by plants to create 34-38 units of ATP. As a result, animal cells produce CO2 and H2O. Formulate an hypothesis that can be used to test the assumptions in the model.
If there is less oxygen present then there will be less ATP produced.
What happens to water in the grana during photosynthesis?
It is split to provide hydrogen
If someone lost 20 pounds of fat on a diet, where did the fat go?
It was released as carbon dioxide and water.
Describe how a sudden increase in carbon dioxide would affect the rates of photosynthesis and its effect on cellular respiration?
It would increase the rate of photosynthesis, producing more glucose and oxygen. The oxygen would help increase the rate of cellular respiration producing more ATP.
The two energy-carrying molecules created in the light-dependent reactions that are used in the light-independent reactions are _______ and ________.
NADPH, ATP
Water is one of the required reactants for photosynthesis. It provides electrons that are energized by sunlight and used to make energy carriers like ATP. Where do plants get the water they need for photosynthesis?
Plants take in water from their roots.
Both aerobic respiration yields the greatest net gain of ATP molecules. Which step of aerobic respiration yields the greatest amount of ATP?
The Electron Transport Chain
How would cellular respiration be affected as the North American plate is moving farther from the equator?
The increased light would increase the rate of photosynthesis, producing more glucose and oxygen. The oxygen would help increase the rate of cellular respiration producing more ATP.
If there is a limited amount of water, which phase of photosynthesis would be affected first and how would that affect cellular respiration?
The light dependent phase, it would decrease the amount of oxygen produced which will decrease the rate of cellular respiration.
What are the two main parts of mitochondria?
The matrix and inner membrane
The figure to the right shows the current composition of the Earth's atmosphere. What would be different about the composition before the evolution of photosynthetic organisms? 78 percent- nitrogen 1 percent -carbon dioxide 21 percent- oxygen
The oxygen component of this graph would have been smaller.
Under dehydration circumstances in the winter, stomata may close to reduce water loss for the tree. Predict what would result from the closing of stomata
This would also stop gas exchange in the light dependent phase and photosynthesis production would decrease.
What is the role of chlorophyll in plants?
To absorb the energy from sunlight
An experiment was set up to test the effects of different carbohydrates on fermentation of yeast. According to the experimental setup, what was the independent variable of the experiment?
Type of sugar
Overall, photosynthesis is a reaction that
absorbs energy, and is endothermic.
.Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen.
aerobic
Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration yield a net gain of ATP molecules to be used as energy for living things. Which yields the highest number of ATP?
aerobic respiration yields up to 38 calories of ATP, anaerobic respiration yields up to 4 ATP
Cellular respiration that will happen if not enough oxygen is around
anaerobic
During weight class, you lift for one hour a day several days a week. During workouts, each exercise lasts only a minute or so because of how difficult the work is. A few hours after exercise, you notice your muscles are sore and slightly swollen. Your short but hard workouts are considered ______________ and leads to the production of _______________.
anaerobic, lactic acid
During metabolism, the complete breakdown of one molecule of glucose results in a maximum yield of 38 molecules of
atp
Energy from food must be transformed into the bonds of _________ before it can be used by cells.
atp
Glucose is broken down during cellular respiration to produce carbon dioxide and
atp
The process of obtaining energy from food, and producing ATP.
cellular respiration
In which organelle does photosynthesis occur?
chloroplast
Organelle that performs photosynthesis.
chloroplast
The process of respiration is essential in the oxygen/carbon dioxide cycle. Respiration removes ______ from the atmosphere, produces ________ and releases ______ to the atmosphere
co2, atp, o2
animals in the food web release ____________ into the environment, which plants then use for _
co2, reactants in photosynthesis
After photosynthesis is finished inside of a plant, animals use which product to begin cellular respiration?
glucose
The process that breaks down glucose into pyruvate and ATP.
glycolysis
the beginning of cellular respiration ______ occurs, where glucose is broken down into _____ and ______. This step does not require any oxygen and is therefore considered _____
glycolysis, pyruvate, ATP, anaerobic
During the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis, water supplies ____to produce NADPH, an important energy-carrying molecule used to help produce glucose during the light independent reaction.
hydrogen
What factors can reduce the rate of photosynthesis in evergreens such as pine trees? Choose ALL that apply.
less sunlight, decreased carbon dioxide availability, decreased water availability
.A cell organelle that performs cellular respiration.
mitochondria
In which organelle does cellular respiration occur?
mitochondria
A chemical process that takes CO2 and makes sugars, like glucose.
photosynthesis
Oxygen(Photosynthesis)
product
carbon dioxide (cellular repiration)
product
glucose(photosynthesis)
product
water ( cellular repiration)
product
carbon dioxide(photosynthesis)
reactant
glucose (cellular respiration)
reactant
oxygen (cellular repiration)
reactant
water(photosynthesis)
reactant
Overall, cellular respiration is a reaction that
releases energy, and is exothermic.
The purpose of photosynthesis is to
store solar energy as sugar.
A moose eats a lily pad. The food the moose eats is used to make ATP energy that can be used in cellular processes. However, the moose provides part of what the lily pad needs for photosynthesis as well. This is B in the diagram. What is that? Choose ALL that apply.
water and carbon dioxide
