BIO UNIT 2 EXAM- chapter 31
Select an accurate size range that depicts tapeworms..
A few millimeters to 20 meters
What statement describing the mechanism by which animals ingest nutrients is true?
Animals eat whole food then digest it internally.
The nervous system of annelids consists of a(n) ______ connected to a ventral solid ______ cord with ganglia in each segment.
Blank 1: brain Blank 2: nerve
The body of a member of the subphylum Chelicerata has a(n) _____ and an ______.
Blank 1: cephalothorax or prosoma Blank 2: abdomen
In sponges the beating of the _______produces water currents that flows through the pores into the central cavity and then out through the _______.
Blank 1: flagella Blank 2: osculum
The crayfish digestive system includes a special grinding apparatus, complete with chitinous teeth called a(n)The crayfish heart pumps blood into a(n) aefBlank 1Blank 1 aef , Incorrect Unavailable, which consists of open sinuses.
Blank 1: gastric Blank 2: mill
An insect's body is divided into three parts - they are the
Blank 1: head Blank 2: thorax Blank 3: abdomen
The lophotrochozoans are protostomes that are divided into two major groups. The _______include the bryzoans, phoronids, and brachiopods, while the _______ include the molluscs and annelids.
Blank 1: lophophorans, lophophores, or lophotrochozoans Blank 2: trochozoans or trochophores
The stages of gradual metamorphosis are egg, _____ and ______.
Blank 1: nymph Blank 2: adult
During reproduction in grasshoppers, the male's sperm pass from his into the female's seminal where the eggs are fertilized internally.
Blank 1: penis Blank 2: receptacle
The two body forms of a Cnidarian are ________ and ________.
Blank 1: polyp, polypoid, or polyps Blank 2: medusa, medusoid, or medusae
In most cnidarians (some exceptions) the mouth of a polyp points ___________ , while the mouth of the medusa points ___________.
Blank 1: up or upward Blank 2: down or downward
When earthworms mate, sperm from the seminal ________ of each worm pass into the other worm's seminal _______.
Blank 1: vesicles or clitellum Blank 2: receptacles
Which group of lophophorans have hinged shells and a muscular pedicle?
Brachiopods
Which group of lophophorans exist in cooperative aquatic colonies?
Bryozoans
_________ are specialized stinging cells that are found in Cnidarians.
Cnidocytes
Indicate all of the consequences to humans if honey bees were to go extinct.
Cost of many fruits will increase. The availability of many vegetables will decrease.
In which domain are animals classified?
Eukarya
True or false: Like humans, the common earthworm has a single heart.
False
True or false: Planarians exhibit cephalization and have true eyes.
False
True or false: Sponges are able to reproduce asexually but not by sexual means.
False
Why are flatworms so named?
Flatworms have an extremely flat body.
What mollusc feature is a muscular organ that helps in movement, attachment, or in the capture of food?
Foot
are examples of freshwater segmented worms.
Leech
the ______ tubules are located in the hemocoel of a grasshopper and collect nitrogenous wastes.
Malpighian
_____ proglottids are found further away from the scolex, while _____ proglottids are found closer to the scolex.
Mature; immature
How do arthropods avoid competition between adults and juvenile forms of the same species?
Metamorphosis allows larvae and adults to use different portions of the habitat and food sources.
The human blood fluke is most often encountered where in the world?
Middle East, Asia, Africa
The molluscs are notable for which reason?
Molluscs are the second most numerous group of animals.
The phylum that contains roundworms is called _____.
Nematoda
Which group of lophophorans secrete the long chitinous tube they live inside?
Phoronids
Select all of these that are classified as cnidarians.
Portuguese man-of-war cup coral hydra jellyfish sea anemone
Which statement is true regarding the flatworm body cavity?
The flatworm does not have a body cavity; the mesoderm occupies spaces between organs.
Why are rotifers sometimes called resurrection animacules?
They can desiccate and remain dormant for extended periods.
True or false: Arthropods of one kind or another are able to do well in virtually every type of habitat and are considered to be the most successful group of animals.
True
True or false: Parasitic roundworm infections may be avoided by implementing good hygiene.
True
True or false: The female of the parasitic roundworm, Ascaris, can produce over 200,000 eggs each day.
True
True or false: The grasshopper and the crayfish share a common ancestor.
True
Most gastropods have an elongated, flattened foot, and most also have what feature?
a coiled shell protecting the visceral mass
What structure is used by sea stars to detect prey?
a light-sensitive eyespot
A radula is
a mollusc feature that has rows of tiny teeth and helps obtain food.
Select the five characteristics of arthropods that have made them so successful.
a rigid but joined exoskeleton segmentation a variety of respiratory methods reduced competition through metamorphosis well developed nervous system
What protects parasitic flatworms against digestive juices while they live inside their host's body?
a tough integument
Which of the following cells of a sponge function to digest food, produce sex cells and spicules as well as act as a circulatory device?
amoeboid cells
Which group of organisms consist of multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes that are characterized by the presence of muscular and nervous tissue and undergo development to achieve its final form?
animals
Segmented worms, like earthworms, fall under this heading.
annelids
Select all of these that are classified as lophotrochozoans.
annelids phoronids bryozoans molluscs
The oral sucker of a fluke is surrounded by sensory papilla. What other structure is present in this area?
another sucker used to attach to the host
On the head of a crustacean, the first two pairs of appendages are called ______ and have a sensory function.
antennae
Animals with bilateral symmetry tend to move towards their ______ end.
anterior
The gastric mill of a crayfish is in the ______ portion of the stomach.
anterior
Select the three ganglia that comprise the nervous system of a clam.
anterior posterior foot
Leeches have hirudin in their saliva that provides what function?
anticoagulant to keep blood flowing
In what habitat would sponges most likely be found?
aquatic, marine
Scorpions, ticks, mites and spiders are all classified as _____.
arachnids
What is the arrangement of setae on marine polychaetes?
arranged in bundles on parapodia
The ______ and the roundworms molt their cuticle.
arthropoda, arthropods, or ecdysozoa
Insects and spiders, with their exoskeletons and jointed appendages, are members of which group?
arthropods
Which group has been successful in nearly all types of environments?
arthropods
The ability of hydra to form buds that grow into new polyps is an example of which type of reproduction?
asexual reproduction
An animal that has a body that cannot be divided into mirror-image halves is called _____.
asymmetrical
What are the uropods and telson of a crayfish are used for?
backward movement
What is the role of the original polyp in a Portuguese man-of-war?
become the gas-filled float for the colony
Clams, mussels, oysters and scallops are all classified as _____.
bivalves
Molluscs that have a two-part shell, hinged and closed by muscles, are which of these?
bivalves
Molluscs, such as clams and oysters, that have two shells that are hinged together are known as
bivalves
A cyst of a parasitic tapeworm is a small, hard-walled structure that contains the larva of a(n) _____ worm
bladder
A(n) ______ is a hollow, fluid-filled ball of cells occurring during animal development prior to gastrula formation.
blastula
Which term describes a hollow ball of cells that forms during development prior to gastrulation?
blastula
A clam can move forward by expanding the tip of its hatchet foot with _______ and pulling the body after it.
blood
A clam can move forward by expanding the tip of its hatchet foot with ________ and pulling the body after it.
blood
The crayfish heart pumps hemolymph containing which respiratory pigment?
blue hemocyanin
Select all of these that are characteristics of leeches.
body rings have transverse grooves an oral and a posterior sucker segmented
How do hydras reproduce?
both by sexual and asexual mechanisms
Select all of these that are features shared by chordates and echinoderms.
both exhibit embryological development both are deuterostomes
Like the earthworm, the nervous system of the crayfish consists of which of the following? (Mark all that apply)
brain ventral nerve cord paired lateral nerves
The arthropod nervous system is considered well-developed because of which three features?
brain and ventral nerve cord two types of eyes complex behaviors and communication
What are the two asexual methods of reproduction in sponges?
budding fragmentation
Which of these correctly describes asexual reproduction in a hydra?
budding or regeneration
An example of an insect that uses complete metamorphosis is a _____.
butterfly
How do humans contract Trichinosis?
by eating undercooked pork
Select the materials that are used for construction of a clam shell from the list below.
calcium carbonate protein
A planarian will wrap itself around a smaller animal, entangle it with slime, and pin it down. What purpose does this serve?
capture food
Which level of organization do sponges exhibit?
cellular level of organization
Bilateral symmetry is accompanied with the localization of a brain and specialized sensory organs at the anterior end, or
cephalization
The localization of a brain and special sensory organs at the anterior end of the body is referred to as ______.
cephalization
What animal trait is associated with bilateral symmetry?
cephalization
Jet propulsion is the method used by a group called the _________ (which includes octopuses, squids, and nautiluses) for locomotion through the water.
cephalopods
The head and thorax of a crustacean are fused into a structure called the
cephalothorax
The chelicerate body has which arrangement?
cephalothorax and abdomen
The exoskeleton of arthropods is made up of this material, which is a nitrogenous polysaccharide called _____.
chitin
Select the groups of animals included in the deuterostomes.
chordates echinoderms
Which of these are used by polychaetes to direct food towards the mouth?
cilia
What do earthworms use to move through the soil? Select all that apply.
circular muscles setae longitudinal muscles
What are the three functions of the cnidarian gastrovascular cavity that account in part for the name of the cavity?
circulation of nutrients hydrostatic skeleton digestive functions
Select all of these that are classified as bivalves.
clams mussels oysters scallops
The type of cell division that occurs during embryological development and without cells growing larger or adding more cytoplasm is which of these?
cleavage
Annelids have a(n) _____ circulatory system.
closed
Select the functions of a nephridium found in an annelid.
collect wastes excrete waste
The digestive system of a clam has a mouth and an anus, thus clams have a(n) ______ digestive system.
complete
When an animal has both a mouth and an anus, it has what type of digestive tract?
complete
What type of arthropod eye is made up of many complete visual units that work independently?
compound eye
What advantage is there to terrestrial insects like the grasshopper in excreting nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid?
conservation of water
Animals are considered to be __________ because they acquire food by ingestion followed by digestion.
consumers/heterotrophs
Which of the following groups is encased in limestone, may be solitary or colonial, and build elaborate reefs?
corals
The cilia along the head end of a rotifer make up what structure?
corona
Select all of the correct answers from the list below that relate to a comparison of a crayfish and a grasshopper.
crayfish have an oxygen carrying pigment; grasshopper do not have an oxygen carrying pigment crayfish are aquatic; grasshoppers are terrestrial crayfish and grasshoppers share a common ancestor crayfish excrete a liquid waste; grasshoppers excrete a solid waste
A marine arthropod, such as a crab or lobster, that has compound eyes and five pairs of appendages is likely a member of which group?
crustaceans
An animal such as a lobster, crayfish, crab, or shrimp that has a hard calcified shell as their exoskeleton belongs to a group called the
crustaceans
The _____ is the tough outer covering of members of the group Ecdyssozoan.
cuticle
The hard-walled structure of a tapeworm that contains larvae is a ______.
cyst
How do the eggs of the parasitic roundworm, Ascaris, enter the soil?
deposited there with host's feces
What can be the result of a heavy infestation of the Chinese liver fluke (Clonorchis)?
destruction of the liver and death
An animal in which the second opening to occur is the mouth during the early stages of development is called a
deuterostome
The process of ______ is used to pass nutrients and gases through the gastrodermis of a hydra.
diffusion
Select all of the following that are functions of amoeboid cells of a sponge.
digest food act as a circulatory device produce sex cells and spicules
What occurs within the planarian gastrovascular cavity?
digestion
Select all of these that are symptoms of trichinosis in humans.
digestive disorders aching joints fatigue muscle pain itchy skin
If an animal exhibits two body forms, it is referred to as being _____.
dimorphic
Some cnidarians are referred to as being _______ because they exhibit two body forms during their lives, both the polyp and the medusa.
dimorphic
Select two functions accomplished by the corona, the crown of cilia, of rotifers.
directs food into the mouth organ of locomotion
The tubular heart of a grasshopper lies against the
dorsal wall of th abdominal exoskeleton.
The annelid hydrostatic skeleton and segmentation of the body permits what to happen?
each body segment can move independently
How do humans usually become infected by the Chinese liver fluke?
eating raw fish
Select the two groups that protostomes are divided into.
ecdysozoa spiralia
Roundworms and arthropods are classified as
ecdysozoans.
Among animals, chordates are most closely related to _____.
echinoderms
Sea lilies, motile feather stars, brittle stars and sea cucumbers are all classified as _____.
echinoderms
Identify the stages of complete metamorphosis. (Mark all that apply)
egg pupa larva adult
What is the appearance and structure of corals? Choose three correct answers.
elaborate, colorful and build coral reefs may be solitary or live in large colonies look like sea anemones encased in limestone
A filarial worm that is carried by a mosquito causes _______ , a severe swelling of the lymphatic vessels with the tissues of humans
elephantiasis, filariasis, or Filariasis
The gastrodermis found in a hydra is formed from which tissue?
endoderm
Select the two germ (tissue) layers that Cnidarians possess.
endoderm ectoderm
Flukes are _____ of vertebrate animals.
endoparasites
Mark all of these that are characteristics of echinoderms.
endoskeleton marine radial symmetry
What are the two roles of the collar cells (choanocytes) in the feeding of the sponge?
engulf food particles cause water currents to flow through the sponge
The branch of biology concerned with the study of insects is called
entomology
The cnidarian body resembles a two-layered sac. The outer layer is a protective _____ and is derived from ectoderm.
epidermis
The characteristics of animals include which three of these?
eukaryote heterotroph multicellular
Animals that have true tissues and undergo embryological development are classified as
eumetazoans
Green glands of a crayfish are used to ______ metabolic wastes.
excrete
A nephridia in each segment represents the ______ system of an annelid.
excretory
Flatworms have which of the following organ systems? (Mark all that apply)
excretory reproductive muscle digestive
Arthropods have a characteristic protective ______ made of chitin.
exoskeleton
Chitin is composed of a nitrogenous polysaccharide and forms the _______ of arthropods.
exoskeleton
What is one of the main symptoms of elephantiasis?
extreme swelling of the limbs due to blocked lymphatic vessels
True or false: All roundworms are free-living.
false
True or false: Hydra has an extensive nervous system with a small degree of cephalization.
false
The parasitic roundworm, Ascaris, has noticeable differences in the sizes of its males and females. Which is longest?
female
How do sponges attain food?
filter feeding
Male crayfish transfer sperm to a female crayfish with their
first two pairs of swimmerets.
What bulblike structures containing cilia function in excretion in flatworms?
flame cells
How do clams acquire nutrients?
food particles and water enter the mantle cavity via the incurrent siphon
Select all of these that are characteristics of comb jellies (shown in the image)
found primarily in warm water ciliated free-swimming
What type of habitat is home to most species of rotifers?
fresh water
Identify the habitat of a free-living planarian.
freshwater lakes, streams, or ponds
Which two features are characteristic of the head structure of a crayfish?
fused with the thorax nonsegmented carapace covering the top and sides
Living in soil helps earthworms to keep their bodies moist enough for what to occur?
gas exchange
The inner tissue layer of a hydra is called the
gastrodermis
A mollusc with a broad, flat foot for crawling is called a(n)
gastropod
Which type of mollusc has an elongated, flattened foot and a shell that protects the visceral mass?
gastropod
Which of these functions both in digestion of food and the circulation of nutrients in cnidarians?
gastrovascular cavity
The embryonic tissue layers of animals are also called ______.
germ layers
After it passes from the crop in the digestive system of an earthworm, food is ground up in a thick, muscular
gizzard
Identify the organ in the digestive system of an earthworm that grinds food.
gizzard
Select the methods from the list below that prevent and reduce parasitic round worm infections.
good hygiene cooking meat throughly proper sewage disposal
What crayfish structures, lying in the head region, excrete metabolic wastes?
green glands
Select all correct answers for the characteristics of molluscs.
have a mantle partially encasing the internal organs live in marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats second most numerous group of animals have a visceral mass containing internal organs
The crayfish heart pumps blood into a(n) _______ , which consists of open sinuses.
hemocoel
The crayfish heart pumps blood into a(n), which consists of open sinuses.
hemocoel
The heart of an arthropod pumps hemocyanin into an open space called the ______.
hemocoel
What gender description is used to describe sponges?
hermaphroditic
Most sponges are _______ , meaning that they have both male and female sex organs.
hermaphroditic, hermaphrodite, or hermaphrodites
An organism that does not carry out photosynthesis, and thus must consume food, is called a(n) ______.
heterotroph
Which statement best describes the appendages of an arthropod?
hollow tubes moved by muscles
The sensory structures associated with the head of a free-living flatworm are replaced by what structures in parasitic forms?
hooks and suckers
A freshwater cnidarian, more specifically a hydrozoan, that only exists as a polyp with tentacles is the ______.
hydra
Which of the organisms are classified as hydrozoans? (Mark all that apply)
hydra Portuguese man-of-war
Worms of the phylum Annelida have a(n) ______ skeleton.
hydrostatic
The group of cnidarians with a dominant polyp is what group?
hydrozoans
When an animal has a digestive tract with only one opening, the mouth, it is said to be which type of digestive tract?
incomplete
Entomology is the study of _______ and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms.
insects
An animal, such as an insect or earthworm, that lacks a vertebral column is a(n)
invertebrate
Which group of organisms was the first to evolve?
invertebrates
When eggs and sperm cells combine in the sponge central cavity, a zygote is formed. What happens to the zygote?
it becomes a flagellated larva and swims to a new location.
What occurs when a cnidarian stinging cell (cnidocyte) is touched?
it discharges its nematocyst
What enables squids and octopi to move swiftly through the water?
jet propulsion from squeezing the mantle cavity
The lateral nerve cords plus cross branches form which type of nervous system in planaria?
ladder-like
After a sponge zygote is formed it develops into a flagellated _______ that can swim to a new location.
larva
What group is made up of freshwater annelids?
leeches
Identify the two most familiar members of the phylum Annelida.
leeches earthworms
In earthworms, the setae are used for
locomotion
Besides directing food into the mouth, the corona of a rotifer is used for
locomotion, movement, or motion
Select the places in a vertebrate body where flukes can live.
lung blood liver
Marine arthropods utilize gills for respiration, while terrestrial forms have book ________ or air tubes called tracheae.
lungs
The folded lamellae of a spider form the respiratory structures known as book
lungs
Which structure of a mollusc body lies to either side of the visceral mass and may secrete a shell?
mantle
Arthropod appendages are well-adapted for gathering food, reproduction, and locomotion. What is also true about arthropod appendages?
many appendages have a sensory function
All echinoderms are _____.
marine
The majority of annelids live in a ______ habitat.
marine
The body form of a Cnidarian that is free-swimming and has its mouth and tentacles pointing downward is called a
medusa
Which of the following body forms of a cnidarian has the most mesoglea?
medusa
A pseudocoelom is a body cavity that is incompletely lined with
mesoderm
In a roundworm _____ is found inside the body wall but not around the digestive cavity.
mesoderm
Identify the three primary germ layers that give rise to organs and organ systems of complex animals.
mesoderm endoderm ectoderm
The transparent jelly-like substance that makes up the body of the comb jelly is called _____.
mesoglea
What substance separates the two tissue layers of the cnidarian body wall?
mesoglea
A drastic change in form and physiology that is exhibited by many arthropods is called
metamorphosis
Even though sponges lack true tissues, it has been shown that they are at the base of the animal evolutionary tree. What evidence supports this?
molecular data
An invertebrate characterized by its mantle, foot, and visceral mass is a(n) ______.
mollusc
Invertebrates such as squids, clams, snails, and chitons that are characterized by a visceral mass, a mantle, and a foot are classified as
molluscs
The arthropods are the most successful and numerous group of animals. What is the second most numerous group of animals?
molluscs
Which two features are typical of insect heads?
mouthparts sense organs
What is the function of the three pairs of appendages that lie behind the mouth of the crustacean?
mouthparts used in feeding
Adductor ______ hold the two valves of a bivalve shell together.
muscles
Compared to other chelicerates, what is unique about the body plan of spiders?
narrow waist dividing cephalothorax from abdomen
Which type of sponge would most likely contain spicules?
natural sponge
The cnidarian structure that contains a long, spirally coiled hollow thread and is used in capturing prey is which of these?
nematocyst
In annelids a(n) _____ is a tubule that collects waste material and excretes it through an opening in the body wall.
nephridium
The system of interconnected cells that allow transmission of impulses in several directions at once in hydra is called what?
nerve net
A crayfish and an earthworm have similar ______ systems.
nervous
The Malpighian tubules act as the excretory system of a grasshopper as they collect _____ waste products
nitrogenous
Planarians can reproduce sexually by the exchange of gametes. How is it possible to tell which planarians are male and which are female?
not possible to tell - planarians are hermaphroditic
Which of these molluscs are classified as gastropods?
nudibranchs snails conchs
Collar cells keep water currents moving through sponges and are used to gather
nutrients
Select all of the animals that are classified as cephalopods.
octopus squid nautilus
Because the common earthworm has only a few setae per segment it is classified as a(n)
oligochaete
The common earthworm is considered a(n) ______ because it has a few, rather than many, setae.
oligochaete
Roundworms range in size from microscopic to some that exceed ______ meter in length.
one
What structure(s) enable leeches to attach to the tissue of other animals?
oral and posterior suckers
Flukes and tapeworms fall into which group?
parasitic flatworms
If a foreign body is somehow placed between the mantle and the shell in some molluscs, a(n) ________ will form as concentric layers of shell are deposited around the particle.
pearl
What two special adaptations are typical of scorpions that can be used in both defense and prey capture?
pedipalps venomous stinger
One of two basic body forms of cnidarians, the ______ is typical of the Hydra, with the mouth directed upward.
polyp
Sponges belong to phylum Porifera, which means their bodies are saclike and perforated by many
pores
Select all of these that are characteristics of sea stars.
possess a digestive system with a stomach, intestine and anus have skin gills for gas exchange possess a nervous system with a central nerve ring and an eyespot have a well developed coelomic cavity
The two-part shell of a bivalve closes by what mechanism?
powerful muscles
Select all of these that are features of the lophotrochozoans.
produce a trochophore larva with two bands of cilia around its middle have three germ layers bilaterally symmetrical at some stage of development
A segment of a tapeworm that contains both male and female sex organs and fertilizes its own eggs is called a __________.
proglottid
The forewings of a grasshopper serve as ____for the thin hindwings.
protection
the forewings of grasshopper serve as _________ for the thin hindwings
protection
Select four functions of the arthropod exoskeleton.
protection from drying out attachment for muscles protection locomotion
Animals in which the mouth develops before the anus are members of what group?
protostomes
In what type of cavity do the internal organs of roundworms lie?
pseudocoelom
The internal organs of a roundworms lie within the , a body cavity that is incompletely lined by mesoderm.
pseudocoelom
An advantage of _________ symmetry is that the animal can reach in all directions from the center.
radial
What type of symmetry does an animal have if a longitudinal cut produces two identical halves, as if the animal was arranged like spokes on a wheel?
radial
Identify the three types of symmetry typically seen in animals.
radial symmetry asymmetry bilateral symmetry
The tonguelike structure of a mollusc that bears rows of teeth and is used to gather food is the ______.
radula
Tracheae are advantageous to terrestrial arthropods because of what reason?
rapid way to transport oxygen directly to cells
Spiracles and tracheae are components of the ______ system of an insect.
respiratory
Select the organ systems that are absent in flat worms. (Mark all that apply)
respiratory circulatory
A group of microscopic invertebrates with a crown of cilia on their heads are the ______.
rotifers
Nonsegmented worms that can be found in almost any environment belong to which group?
roundworms
What group, along with the arthropods, experiences molting of the cuticle?
roundworms
Which group has both free-living and parasitic members?
roundworms
Select the two groups that are contained in the ecdysozoans.
roundworms arthropods
Choose the description that most accurately explains the appearance of sponges.
saclike body perforated with pores
Select all of these that are classified as an echinoderm.
sand dollar sea cucumber sea urchins
The anterior end of a tapeworm, which bears hooks and suckers, is called the
scolex
The highly modified head of a tapeworm with hooks and suckers is called a ______.
scolex
Which of these is considered to be the oldest terrestrial arthropod?
scorpion
Mark all of the following that are classified as arachnids.
scorpion spider tick mite
Which of the following cnidarians is a solitary polyp?
sea anemone
Which animal group is sessile, often very colorful and has tentacles with nematocysts?
sea anemones
The inner tissue layer of the cnidarian has what function?
secrete digestive juices into the internal cavity
The repetition of body parts that is an outstanding characteristic of annelids such as the earthworm, is called _______ and is evidenced by septa and body rings, among other features.
segmentation
The repetition of body parts, as evidenced by body rings, compartmentlization by septa, and setae, ganglia and nephridia on most sections, is referred to as
segmentation
Members of the phylum Annelida are ______ worms.
segmented
What is the function of the first two pairs of appendages, called antennae and antennules, on the heads of crustaceans?
sensation
If sponge cells are _______ they can reassemble and regenerate into an intact sponge.
seperated
Which earthworm feature divides the coelom into compartments?
septa
Animals that are attached to a substrate are called
sessile
Needlelike, chitinous bristles, called ______, aid in movement in annelids.
setae
Spiders use threads to line their nests and catch their prey.
silk
What is the most accurate description of coral reef development?
slow accumulation of limestone
The skeletal components of a sponge that are composed of calcium carbonate or silicate are called
spicules
An opening for the respiratory system in the exoskeleton of an insect is called a(n)
spiracle
An opening in the exoskeleton of an insect that connects to the respiratory system is called a _____.
spiracle
A _____ is an invertebrate with a porous body wall that is lined with flagellated collar cells.
sponge
A(n) _______ , is a multicellular animal that does not have any true tissues.
sponge
This invertebrate, pore-bearing filter feeder is a a Yellow tube , _______ Aplysina fistularis, whose inner body wall is lined by collar cells that resemble a single celled choanoflagellate.
sponge
Molecular data suggest that ______ are the base of the evolutionary tree of animals.
sponges
Multicellular animals that lack true tissues but are organized on the cellular level are called
sponges
Which of these is a multicellular animal that does not possess true tissues?
sponges
Many household sponges are made of synthetic materials. What is the composition of the body of a natural sponge used for bathing?
spongin, a soft protein
Cnidarians are so named because of the presence of what structures?
stinging cells called cnidocytes
Identify the functions of the cuticle.
support and protection
After fertilization of the eggs by the male crayfish, the eggs are attached to the ______ of the female crayfish.
swimmerets
Which of these parasitic flatworms can range in size from a few millimeters to 20 meters in length?
tapeworm
Select all of these that are parasitic flatworms.
tapeworms flukes
Tube worms have ______ that form a funnel-shaped fan.
tentacles
How does a hydra capture its prey?
tentacles around the mouth reach out and grasp prey
The clam worm of class Polychaeta inhabit a marine environment, while the earthworms of class Oligochaeta inhabit a(n) ______ enviornment
terrestrial
Lack of cephalization and parapodia are adaptations seen in _____.
terrestrial earthworms
Select the correct characteristics of a true jellyfish from the list below.
the polyp is small mainly depends on tides and currents for movement feed on a variety of invertebrates and fish are used as food for other marine animals the medusa is the primary stage
Why is it necessary for arthropods to molt?
their exoskeleton is hard and will not expand, so it has to be shed in order for arthropods to grow
What has been the basis for the classification of sponges?
their skeletons
Why is radial symmetry an advantage for sessile animals?
they can reach out in all directions to gather food
Why is a Portuguese man-of-war dangerous to encounter while swimming?
they have stinging tentacles
Flagellated cells, called collar cells or choanocytes, have what purpose in sponges?
they produce water currents that flow through the sponge
The body of an insect is divided into what three parts?
thorax head abdomen
Select the two features of an insect thorax.
three pairs of legs between zero and three pairs of wings
It is probable that insects are so small because of what feature of their tracheae?
tiny and small; would be crushed if insects were larger
How are medicinal leeches used?
to remove blood from tissues following surgery
Small tubes that connect to the spiracles of an insect's respiratory system are called
tracheae
Hemolymph of grasshoppers is colorless and lacks a respiratory pigment; its function is to ______.
transport nutrients and wastes
Any animal with all three germ layers is referred to as being
triploblastic
Which term describes an animal that has all three germ layers?
triploblastic
True or False: Honeybees are important pollinators of a large percentage of our crops.
true
True or false: Cephalopod eyes are like those of vertebrates and focus like a camera.
true
True or false: Most animals gain their nutrition by eating whole foods and absorbing nutrients after internal digestion.
true
True or false: Planarians can reproduce asexually by regeneration.
true
True or false: Sponges are capable of regeneration.
true
A body cavity that is completely lined with mesoderm is called a(n) _____.
true coelom
Animals that undergo embryological development exhibit
true tissues.
Cnidarians have ______ germ layers present.
two
Select all of the answers that apply to animals.
typically move by means of muscle fibers multicellular members of domain Eukarya adult is usually diploid
Choose three characteristics of sea anemones.
upward oral disks hollow tentacles with nematocysts sessile
Identify the names of the last two segments which crayfish use for backward movement.
uropods telson
What are two functions provided by parapodia in marine polychaetes?
used in swimming used as respiratory organs
How are animals such as mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles classified?
vertebrate
What are two functions provided by the well-developed planarian excretory system?
water excretion osmotic regulation
Besides the 6 legs, the thorax of an insect can also bear
wings
What structures allow certain insects the ability to escape predators, search for food, mate, and disperse offspring?
wings
