BIO UNIT 2 EXAM- chapter 31

Select an accurate size range that depicts tapeworms..

A few millimeters to 20 meters

What statement describing the mechanism by which animals ingest nutrients is true?

Animals eat whole food then digest it internally.

The nervous system of annelids consists of a(n) ______ connected to a ventral solid ______ cord with ganglia in each segment.

Blank 1: brain Blank 2: nerve

The body of a member of the subphylum Chelicerata has a(n) _____ and an ______.

Blank 1: cephalothorax or prosoma Blank 2: abdomen

In sponges the beating of the _______produces water currents that flows through the pores into the central cavity and then out through the _______.

Blank 1: flagella Blank 2: osculum

The crayfish digestive system includes a special grinding apparatus, complete with chitinous teeth called a(n)The crayfish heart pumps blood into a(n) aefBlank 1Blank 1 aef , Incorrect Unavailable, which consists of open sinuses.

Blank 1: gastric Blank 2: mill

An insect's body is divided into three parts - they are the

Blank 1: head Blank 2: thorax Blank 3: abdomen

The lophotrochozoans are protostomes that are divided into two major groups. The _______include the bryzoans, phoronids, and brachiopods, while the _______ include the molluscs and annelids.

Blank 1: lophophorans, lophophores, or lophotrochozoans Blank 2: trochozoans or trochophores

The stages of gradual metamorphosis are egg, _____ and ______.

Blank 1: nymph Blank 2: adult

During reproduction in grasshoppers, the male's sperm pass from his into the female's seminal where the eggs are fertilized internally.

Blank 1: penis Blank 2: receptacle

The two body forms of a Cnidarian are ________ and ________.

Blank 1: polyp, polypoid, or polyps Blank 2: medusa, medusoid, or medusae

In most cnidarians (some exceptions) the mouth of a polyp points ___________ , while the mouth of the medusa points ___________.

Blank 1: up or upward Blank 2: down or downward

When earthworms mate, sperm from the seminal ________ of each worm pass into the other worm's seminal _______.

Blank 1: vesicles or clitellum Blank 2: receptacles

Which group of lophophorans have hinged shells and a muscular pedicle?

Brachiopods

Which group of lophophorans exist in cooperative aquatic colonies?

Bryozoans

_________ are specialized stinging cells that are found in Cnidarians.

Cnidocytes

Indicate all of the consequences to humans if honey bees were to go extinct.

Cost of many fruits will increase. The availability of many vegetables will decrease.

In which domain are animals classified?

Eukarya

True or false: Like humans, the common earthworm has a single heart.

False

True or false: Planarians exhibit cephalization and have true eyes.

False

True or false: Sponges are able to reproduce asexually but not by sexual means.

False

Why are flatworms so named?

Flatworms have an extremely flat body.

What mollusc feature is a muscular organ that helps in movement, attachment, or in the capture of food?

Foot

are examples of freshwater segmented worms.

Leech

the ______ tubules are located in the hemocoel of a grasshopper and collect nitrogenous wastes.

Malpighian

_____ proglottids are found further away from the scolex, while _____ proglottids are found closer to the scolex.

Mature; immature

How do arthropods avoid competition between adults and juvenile forms of the same species?

Metamorphosis allows larvae and adults to use different portions of the habitat and food sources.

The human blood fluke is most often encountered where in the world?

Middle East, Asia, Africa

The molluscs are notable for which reason?

Molluscs are the second most numerous group of animals.

The phylum that contains roundworms is called _____.

Nematoda

Which group of lophophorans secrete the long chitinous tube they live inside?

Phoronids

Select all of these that are classified as cnidarians.

Portuguese man-of-war cup coral hydra jellyfish sea anemone

Which statement is true regarding the flatworm body cavity?

The flatworm does not have a body cavity; the mesoderm occupies spaces between organs.

Why are rotifers sometimes called resurrection animacules?

They can desiccate and remain dormant for extended periods.

True or false: Arthropods of one kind or another are able to do well in virtually every type of habitat and are considered to be the most successful group of animals.

True

True or false: Parasitic roundworm infections may be avoided by implementing good hygiene.

True

True or false: The female of the parasitic roundworm, Ascaris, can produce over 200,000 eggs each day.

True

True or false: The grasshopper and the crayfish share a common ancestor.

True

Most gastropods have an elongated, flattened foot, and most also have what feature?

a coiled shell protecting the visceral mass

What structure is used by sea stars to detect prey?

a light-sensitive eyespot

A radula is

a mollusc feature that has rows of tiny teeth and helps obtain food.

Select the five characteristics of arthropods that have made them so successful.

a rigid but joined exoskeleton segmentation a variety of respiratory methods reduced competition through metamorphosis well developed nervous system

What protects parasitic flatworms against digestive juices while they live inside their host's body?

a tough integument

Which of the following cells of a sponge function to digest food, produce sex cells and spicules as well as act as a circulatory device?

amoeboid cells

Which group of organisms consist of multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes that are characterized by the presence of muscular and nervous tissue and undergo development to achieve its final form?

animals

Segmented worms, like earthworms, fall under this heading.

annelids

Select all of these that are classified as lophotrochozoans.

annelids phoronids bryozoans molluscs

The oral sucker of a fluke is surrounded by sensory papilla. What other structure is present in this area?

another sucker used to attach to the host

On the head of a crustacean, the first two pairs of appendages are called ______ and have a sensory function.

antennae

Animals with bilateral symmetry tend to move towards their ______ end.

anterior

The gastric mill of a crayfish is in the ______ portion of the stomach.

anterior

Select the three ganglia that comprise the nervous system of a clam.

anterior posterior foot

Leeches have hirudin in their saliva that provides what function?

anticoagulant to keep blood flowing

In what habitat would sponges most likely be found?

aquatic, marine

Scorpions, ticks, mites and spiders are all classified as _____.

arachnids

What is the arrangement of setae on marine polychaetes?

arranged in bundles on parapodia

The ______ and the roundworms molt their cuticle.

arthropoda, arthropods, or ecdysozoa

Insects and spiders, with their exoskeletons and jointed appendages, are members of which group?

arthropods

Which group has been successful in nearly all types of environments?

arthropods

The ability of hydra to form buds that grow into new polyps is an example of which type of reproduction?

asexual reproduction

An animal that has a body that cannot be divided into mirror-image halves is called _____.

asymmetrical

What are the uropods and telson of a crayfish are used for?

backward movement

What is the role of the original polyp in a Portuguese man-of-war?

become the gas-filled float for the colony

Clams, mussels, oysters and scallops are all classified as _____.

bivalves

Molluscs that have a two-part shell, hinged and closed by muscles, are which of these?

bivalves

Molluscs, such as clams and oysters, that have two shells that are hinged together are known as

bivalves

A cyst of a parasitic tapeworm is a small, hard-walled structure that contains the larva of a(n) _____ worm

bladder

A(n) ______ is a hollow, fluid-filled ball of cells occurring during animal development prior to gastrula formation.

blastula

Which term describes a hollow ball of cells that forms during development prior to gastrulation?

blastula

A clam can move forward by expanding the tip of its hatchet foot with _______ and pulling the body after it.

blood

A clam can move forward by expanding the tip of its hatchet foot with ________ and pulling the body after it.

blood

The crayfish heart pumps hemolymph containing which respiratory pigment?

blue hemocyanin

Select all of these that are characteristics of leeches.

body rings have transverse grooves an oral and a posterior sucker segmented

How do hydras reproduce?

both by sexual and asexual mechanisms

Select all of these that are features shared by chordates and echinoderms.

both exhibit embryological development both are deuterostomes

Like the earthworm, the nervous system of the crayfish consists of which of the following? (Mark all that apply)

brain ventral nerve cord paired lateral nerves

The arthropod nervous system is considered well-developed because of which three features?

brain and ventral nerve cord two types of eyes complex behaviors and communication

What are the two asexual methods of reproduction in sponges?

budding fragmentation

Which of these correctly describes asexual reproduction in a hydra?

budding or regeneration

An example of an insect that uses complete metamorphosis is a _____.

butterfly

How do humans contract Trichinosis?

by eating undercooked pork

Select the materials that are used for construction of a clam shell from the list below.

calcium carbonate protein

A planarian will wrap itself around a smaller animal, entangle it with slime, and pin it down. What purpose does this serve?

capture food

Which level of organization do sponges exhibit?

cellular level of organization

Bilateral symmetry is accompanied with the localization of a brain and specialized sensory organs at the anterior end, or

cephalization

The localization of a brain and special sensory organs at the anterior end of the body is referred to as ______.

cephalization

What animal trait is associated with bilateral symmetry?

cephalization

Jet propulsion is the method used by a group called the _________ (which includes octopuses, squids, and nautiluses) for locomotion through the water.

cephalopods

The head and thorax of a crustacean are fused into a structure called the

cephalothorax

The chelicerate body has which arrangement?

cephalothorax and abdomen

The exoskeleton of arthropods is made up of this material, which is a nitrogenous polysaccharide called _____.

chitin

Select the groups of animals included in the deuterostomes.

chordates echinoderms

Which of these are used by polychaetes to direct food towards the mouth?

cilia

What do earthworms use to move through the soil? Select all that apply.

circular muscles setae longitudinal muscles

What are the three functions of the cnidarian gastrovascular cavity that account in part for the name of the cavity?

circulation of nutrients hydrostatic skeleton digestive functions

Select all of these that are classified as bivalves.

clams mussels oysters scallops

The type of cell division that occurs during embryological development and without cells growing larger or adding more cytoplasm is which of these?

cleavage

Annelids have a(n) _____ circulatory system.

closed

Select the functions of a nephridium found in an annelid.

collect wastes excrete waste

The digestive system of a clam has a mouth and an anus, thus clams have a(n) ______ digestive system.

complete

When an animal has both a mouth and an anus, it has what type of digestive tract?

complete

What type of arthropod eye is made up of many complete visual units that work independently?

compound eye

What advantage is there to terrestrial insects like the grasshopper in excreting nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid?

conservation of water

Animals are considered to be __________ because they acquire food by ingestion followed by digestion.

consumers/heterotrophs

Which of the following groups is encased in limestone, may be solitary or colonial, and build elaborate reefs?

corals

The cilia along the head end of a rotifer make up what structure?

corona

Select all of the correct answers from the list below that relate to a comparison of a crayfish and a grasshopper.

crayfish have an oxygen carrying pigment; grasshopper do not have an oxygen carrying pigment crayfish are aquatic; grasshoppers are terrestrial crayfish and grasshoppers share a common ancestor crayfish excrete a liquid waste; grasshoppers excrete a solid waste

A marine arthropod, such as a crab or lobster, that has compound eyes and five pairs of appendages is likely a member of which group?

crustaceans

An animal such as a lobster, crayfish, crab, or shrimp that has a hard calcified shell as their exoskeleton belongs to a group called the

crustaceans

The _____ is the tough outer covering of members of the group Ecdyssozoan.

cuticle

The hard-walled structure of a tapeworm that contains larvae is a ______.

cyst

How do the eggs of the parasitic roundworm, Ascaris, enter the soil?

deposited there with host's feces

What can be the result of a heavy infestation of the Chinese liver fluke (Clonorchis)?

destruction of the liver and death

An animal in which the second opening to occur is the mouth during the early stages of development is called a

deuterostome

The process of ______ is used to pass nutrients and gases through the gastrodermis of a hydra.

diffusion

Select all of the following that are functions of amoeboid cells of a sponge.

digest food act as a circulatory device produce sex cells and spicules

What occurs within the planarian gastrovascular cavity?

digestion

Select all of these that are symptoms of trichinosis in humans.

digestive disorders aching joints fatigue muscle pain itchy skin

If an animal exhibits two body forms, it is referred to as being _____.

dimorphic

Some cnidarians are referred to as being _______ because they exhibit two body forms during their lives, both the polyp and the medusa.

dimorphic

Select two functions accomplished by the corona, the crown of cilia, of rotifers.

directs food into the mouth organ of locomotion

The tubular heart of a grasshopper lies against the

dorsal wall of th abdominal exoskeleton.

The annelid hydrostatic skeleton and segmentation of the body permits what to happen?

each body segment can move independently

How do humans usually become infected by the Chinese liver fluke?

eating raw fish

Select the two groups that protostomes are divided into.

ecdysozoa spiralia

Roundworms and arthropods are classified as

ecdysozoans.

Among animals, chordates are most closely related to _____.

echinoderms

Sea lilies, motile feather stars, brittle stars and sea cucumbers are all classified as _____.

echinoderms

Identify the stages of complete metamorphosis. (Mark all that apply)

egg pupa larva adult

What is the appearance and structure of corals? Choose three correct answers.

elaborate, colorful and build coral reefs may be solitary or live in large colonies look like sea anemones encased in limestone

A filarial worm that is carried by a mosquito causes _______ , a severe swelling of the lymphatic vessels with the tissues of humans

elephantiasis, filariasis, or Filariasis

The gastrodermis found in a hydra is formed from which tissue?

endoderm

Select the two germ (tissue) layers that Cnidarians possess.

endoderm ectoderm

Flukes are _____ of vertebrate animals.

endoparasites

Mark all of these that are characteristics of echinoderms.

endoskeleton marine radial symmetry

What are the two roles of the collar cells (choanocytes) in the feeding of the sponge?

engulf food particles cause water currents to flow through the sponge

The branch of biology concerned with the study of insects is called

entomology

The cnidarian body resembles a two-layered sac. The outer layer is a protective _____ and is derived from ectoderm.

epidermis

The characteristics of animals include which three of these?

eukaryote heterotroph multicellular

Animals that have true tissues and undergo embryological development are classified as

eumetazoans

Green glands of a crayfish are used to ______ metabolic wastes.

excrete

A nephridia in each segment represents the ______ system of an annelid.

excretory

Flatworms have which of the following organ systems? (Mark all that apply)

excretory reproductive muscle digestive

Arthropods have a characteristic protective ______ made of chitin.

exoskeleton

Chitin is composed of a nitrogenous polysaccharide and forms the _______ of arthropods.

exoskeleton

What is one of the main symptoms of elephantiasis?

extreme swelling of the limbs due to blocked lymphatic vessels

True or false: All roundworms are free-living.

false

True or false: Hydra has an extensive nervous system with a small degree of cephalization.

false

The parasitic roundworm, Ascaris, has noticeable differences in the sizes of its males and females. Which is longest?

female

How do sponges attain food?

filter feeding

Male crayfish transfer sperm to a female crayfish with their

first two pairs of swimmerets.

What bulblike structures containing cilia function in excretion in flatworms?

flame cells

How do clams acquire nutrients?

food particles and water enter the mantle cavity via the incurrent siphon

Select all of these that are characteristics of comb jellies (shown in the image)

found primarily in warm water ciliated free-swimming

What type of habitat is home to most species of rotifers?

fresh water

Identify the habitat of a free-living planarian.

freshwater lakes, streams, or ponds

Which two features are characteristic of the head structure of a crayfish?

fused with the thorax nonsegmented carapace covering the top and sides

Living in soil helps earthworms to keep their bodies moist enough for what to occur?

gas exchange

The inner tissue layer of a hydra is called the

gastrodermis

A mollusc with a broad, flat foot for crawling is called a(n)

gastropod

Which type of mollusc has an elongated, flattened foot and a shell that protects the visceral mass?

gastropod

Which of these functions both in digestion of food and the circulation of nutrients in cnidarians?

gastrovascular cavity

The embryonic tissue layers of animals are also called ______.

germ layers

After it passes from the crop in the digestive system of an earthworm, food is ground up in a thick, muscular

gizzard

Identify the organ in the digestive system of an earthworm that grinds food.

gizzard

Select the methods from the list below that prevent and reduce parasitic round worm infections.

good hygiene cooking meat throughly proper sewage disposal

What crayfish structures, lying in the head region, excrete metabolic wastes?

green glands

Select all correct answers for the characteristics of molluscs.

have a mantle partially encasing the internal organs live in marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats second most numerous group of animals have a visceral mass containing internal organs

The crayfish heart pumps blood into a(n) _______ , which consists of open sinuses.

hemocoel

The crayfish heart pumps blood into a(n), which consists of open sinuses.

hemocoel

The heart of an arthropod pumps hemocyanin into an open space called the ______.

hemocoel

What gender description is used to describe sponges?

hermaphroditic

Most sponges are _______ , meaning that they have both male and female sex organs.

hermaphroditic, hermaphrodite, or hermaphrodites

An organism that does not carry out photosynthesis, and thus must consume food, is called a(n) ______.

heterotroph

Which statement best describes the appendages of an arthropod?

hollow tubes moved by muscles

The sensory structures associated with the head of a free-living flatworm are replaced by what structures in parasitic forms?

hooks and suckers

A freshwater cnidarian, more specifically a hydrozoan, that only exists as a polyp with tentacles is the ______.

hydra

Which of the organisms are classified as hydrozoans? (Mark all that apply)

hydra Portuguese man-of-war

Worms of the phylum Annelida have a(n) ______ skeleton.

hydrostatic

The group of cnidarians with a dominant polyp is what group?

hydrozoans

When an animal has a digestive tract with only one opening, the mouth, it is said to be which type of digestive tract?

incomplete

Entomology is the study of _______ and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms.

insects

An animal, such as an insect or earthworm, that lacks a vertebral column is a(n)

invertebrate

Which group of organisms was the first to evolve?

invertebrates

When eggs and sperm cells combine in the sponge central cavity, a zygote is formed. What happens to the zygote?

it becomes a flagellated larva and swims to a new location.

What occurs when a cnidarian stinging cell (cnidocyte) is touched?

it discharges its nematocyst

What enables squids and octopi to move swiftly through the water?

jet propulsion from squeezing the mantle cavity

The lateral nerve cords plus cross branches form which type of nervous system in planaria?

ladder-like

After a sponge zygote is formed it develops into a flagellated _______ that can swim to a new location.

larva

What group is made up of freshwater annelids?

leeches

Identify the two most familiar members of the phylum Annelida.

leeches earthworms

In earthworms, the setae are used for

locomotion

Besides directing food into the mouth, the corona of a rotifer is used for

locomotion, movement, or motion

Select the places in a vertebrate body where flukes can live.

lung blood liver

Marine arthropods utilize gills for respiration, while terrestrial forms have book ________ or air tubes called tracheae.

lungs

The folded lamellae of a spider form the respiratory structures known as book

lungs

Which structure of a mollusc body lies to either side of the visceral mass and may secrete a shell?

mantle

Arthropod appendages are well-adapted for gathering food, reproduction, and locomotion. What is also true about arthropod appendages?

many appendages have a sensory function

All echinoderms are _____.

marine

The majority of annelids live in a ______ habitat.

marine

The body form of a Cnidarian that is free-swimming and has its mouth and tentacles pointing downward is called a

medusa

Which of the following body forms of a cnidarian has the most mesoglea?

medusa

A pseudocoelom is a body cavity that is incompletely lined with

mesoderm

In a roundworm _____ is found inside the body wall but not around the digestive cavity.

mesoderm

Identify the three primary germ layers that give rise to organs and organ systems of complex animals.

mesoderm endoderm ectoderm

The transparent jelly-like substance that makes up the body of the comb jelly is called _____.

mesoglea

What substance separates the two tissue layers of the cnidarian body wall?

mesoglea

A drastic change in form and physiology that is exhibited by many arthropods is called

metamorphosis

Even though sponges lack true tissues, it has been shown that they are at the base of the animal evolutionary tree. What evidence supports this?

molecular data

An invertebrate characterized by its mantle, foot, and visceral mass is a(n) ______.

mollusc

Invertebrates such as squids, clams, snails, and chitons that are characterized by a visceral mass, a mantle, and a foot are classified as

molluscs

The arthropods are the most successful and numerous group of animals. What is the second most numerous group of animals?

molluscs

Which two features are typical of insect heads?

mouthparts sense organs

What is the function of the three pairs of appendages that lie behind the mouth of the crustacean?

mouthparts used in feeding

Adductor ______ hold the two valves of a bivalve shell together.

muscles

Compared to other chelicerates, what is unique about the body plan of spiders?

narrow waist dividing cephalothorax from abdomen

Which type of sponge would most likely contain spicules?

natural sponge

The cnidarian structure that contains a long, spirally coiled hollow thread and is used in capturing prey is which of these?

nematocyst

In annelids a(n) _____ is a tubule that collects waste material and excretes it through an opening in the body wall.

nephridium

The system of interconnected cells that allow transmission of impulses in several directions at once in hydra is called what?

nerve net

A crayfish and an earthworm have similar ______ systems.

nervous

The Malpighian tubules act as the excretory system of a grasshopper as they collect _____ waste products

nitrogenous

Planarians can reproduce sexually by the exchange of gametes. How is it possible to tell which planarians are male and which are female?

not possible to tell - planarians are hermaphroditic

Which of these molluscs are classified as gastropods?

nudibranchs snails conchs

Collar cells keep water currents moving through sponges and are used to gather

nutrients

Select all of the animals that are classified as cephalopods.

octopus squid nautilus

Because the common earthworm has only a few setae per segment it is classified as a(n)

oligochaete

The common earthworm is considered a(n) ______ because it has a few, rather than many, setae.

oligochaete

Roundworms range in size from microscopic to some that exceed ______ meter in length.

one

What structure(s) enable leeches to attach to the tissue of other animals?

oral and posterior suckers

Flukes and tapeworms fall into which group?

parasitic flatworms

If a foreign body is somehow placed between the mantle and the shell in some molluscs, a(n) ________ will form as concentric layers of shell are deposited around the particle.

pearl

What two special adaptations are typical of scorpions that can be used in both defense and prey capture?

pedipalps venomous stinger

One of two basic body forms of cnidarians, the ______ is typical of the Hydra, with the mouth directed upward.

polyp

Sponges belong to phylum Porifera, which means their bodies are saclike and perforated by many

pores

Select all of these that are characteristics of sea stars.

possess a digestive system with a stomach, intestine and anus have skin gills for gas exchange possess a nervous system with a central nerve ring and an eyespot have a well developed coelomic cavity

The two-part shell of a bivalve closes by what mechanism?

powerful muscles

Select all of these that are features of the lophotrochozoans.

produce a trochophore larva with two bands of cilia around its middle have three germ layers bilaterally symmetrical at some stage of development

A segment of a tapeworm that contains both male and female sex organs and fertilizes its own eggs is called a __________.

proglottid

The forewings of a grasshopper serve as ____for the thin hindwings.

protection

the forewings of grasshopper serve as _________ for the thin hindwings

protection

Select four functions of the arthropod exoskeleton.

protection from drying out attachment for muscles protection locomotion

Animals in which the mouth develops before the anus are members of what group?

protostomes

In what type of cavity do the internal organs of roundworms lie?

pseudocoelom

The internal organs of a roundworms lie within the , a body cavity that is incompletely lined by mesoderm.

pseudocoelom

An advantage of _________ symmetry is that the animal can reach in all directions from the center.

radial

What type of symmetry does an animal have if a longitudinal cut produces two identical halves, as if the animal was arranged like spokes on a wheel?

radial

Identify the three types of symmetry typically seen in animals.

radial symmetry asymmetry bilateral symmetry

The tonguelike structure of a mollusc that bears rows of teeth and is used to gather food is the ______.

radula

Tracheae are advantageous to terrestrial arthropods because of what reason?

rapid way to transport oxygen directly to cells

Spiracles and tracheae are components of the ______ system of an insect.

respiratory

Select the organ systems that are absent in flat worms. (Mark all that apply)

respiratory circulatory

A group of microscopic invertebrates with a crown of cilia on their heads are the ______.

rotifers

Nonsegmented worms that can be found in almost any environment belong to which group?

roundworms

What group, along with the arthropods, experiences molting of the cuticle?

roundworms

Which group has both free-living and parasitic members?

roundworms

Select the two groups that are contained in the ecdysozoans.

roundworms arthropods

Choose the description that most accurately explains the appearance of sponges.

saclike body perforated with pores

Select all of these that are classified as an echinoderm.

sand dollar sea cucumber sea urchins

The anterior end of a tapeworm, which bears hooks and suckers, is called the

scolex

The highly modified head of a tapeworm with hooks and suckers is called a ______.

scolex

Which of these is considered to be the oldest terrestrial arthropod?

scorpion

Mark all of the following that are classified as arachnids.

scorpion spider tick mite

Which of the following cnidarians is a solitary polyp?

sea anemone

Which animal group is sessile, often very colorful and has tentacles with nematocysts?

sea anemones

The inner tissue layer of the cnidarian has what function?

secrete digestive juices into the internal cavity

The repetition of body parts that is an outstanding characteristic of annelids such as the earthworm, is called _______ and is evidenced by septa and body rings, among other features.

segmentation

The repetition of body parts, as evidenced by body rings, compartmentlization by septa, and setae, ganglia and nephridia on most sections, is referred to as

segmentation

Members of the phylum Annelida are ______ worms.

segmented

What is the function of the first two pairs of appendages, called antennae and antennules, on the heads of crustaceans?

sensation

If sponge cells are _______ they can reassemble and regenerate into an intact sponge.

seperated

Which earthworm feature divides the coelom into compartments?

septa

Animals that are attached to a substrate are called

sessile

Needlelike, chitinous bristles, called ______, aid in movement in annelids.

setae

Spiders use threads to line their nests and catch their prey.

silk

What is the most accurate description of coral reef development?

slow accumulation of limestone

The skeletal components of a sponge that are composed of calcium carbonate or silicate are called

spicules

An opening for the respiratory system in the exoskeleton of an insect is called a(n)

spiracle

An opening in the exoskeleton of an insect that connects to the respiratory system is called a _____.

spiracle

A _____ is an invertebrate with a porous body wall that is lined with flagellated collar cells.

sponge

A(n) _______ , is a multicellular animal that does not have any true tissues.

sponge

This invertebrate, pore-bearing filter feeder is a a Yellow tube , _______ Aplysina fistularis, whose inner body wall is lined by collar cells that resemble a single celled choanoflagellate.

sponge

Molecular data suggest that ______ are the base of the evolutionary tree of animals.

sponges

Multicellular animals that lack true tissues but are organized on the cellular level are called

sponges

Which of these is a multicellular animal that does not possess true tissues?

sponges

Many household sponges are made of synthetic materials. What is the composition of the body of a natural sponge used for bathing?

spongin, a soft protein

Cnidarians are so named because of the presence of what structures?

stinging cells called cnidocytes

Identify the functions of the cuticle.

support and protection

After fertilization of the eggs by the male crayfish, the eggs are attached to the ______ of the female crayfish.

swimmerets

Which of these parasitic flatworms can range in size from a few millimeters to 20 meters in length?

tapeworm

Select all of these that are parasitic flatworms.

tapeworms flukes

Tube worms have ______ that form a funnel-shaped fan.

tentacles

How does a hydra capture its prey?

tentacles around the mouth reach out and grasp prey

The clam worm of class Polychaeta inhabit a marine environment, while the earthworms of class Oligochaeta inhabit a(n) ______ enviornment

terrestrial

Lack of cephalization and parapodia are adaptations seen in _____.

terrestrial earthworms

Select the correct characteristics of a true jellyfish from the list below.

the polyp is small mainly depends on tides and currents for movement feed on a variety of invertebrates and fish are used as food for other marine animals the medusa is the primary stage

Why is it necessary for arthropods to molt?

their exoskeleton is hard and will not expand, so it has to be shed in order for arthropods to grow

What has been the basis for the classification of sponges?

their skeletons

Why is radial symmetry an advantage for sessile animals?

they can reach out in all directions to gather food

Why is a Portuguese man-of-war dangerous to encounter while swimming?

they have stinging tentacles

Flagellated cells, called collar cells or choanocytes, have what purpose in sponges?

they produce water currents that flow through the sponge

The body of an insect is divided into what three parts?

thorax head abdomen

Select the two features of an insect thorax.

three pairs of legs between zero and three pairs of wings

It is probable that insects are so small because of what feature of their tracheae?

tiny and small; would be crushed if insects were larger

How are medicinal leeches used?

to remove blood from tissues following surgery

Small tubes that connect to the spiracles of an insect's respiratory system are called

tracheae

Hemolymph of grasshoppers is colorless and lacks a respiratory pigment; its function is to ______.

transport nutrients and wastes

Any animal with all three germ layers is referred to as being

triploblastic

Which term describes an animal that has all three germ layers?

triploblastic

True or False: Honeybees are important pollinators of a large percentage of our crops.

true

True or false: Cephalopod eyes are like those of vertebrates and focus like a camera.

true

True or false: Most animals gain their nutrition by eating whole foods and absorbing nutrients after internal digestion.

true

True or false: Planarians can reproduce asexually by regeneration.

true

True or false: Sponges are capable of regeneration.

true

A body cavity that is completely lined with mesoderm is called a(n) _____.

true coelom

Animals that undergo embryological development exhibit

true tissues.

Cnidarians have ______ germ layers present.

two

Select all of the answers that apply to animals.

typically move by means of muscle fibers multicellular members of domain Eukarya adult is usually diploid

Choose three characteristics of sea anemones.

upward oral disks hollow tentacles with nematocysts sessile

Identify the names of the last two segments which crayfish use for backward movement.

uropods telson

What are two functions provided by parapodia in marine polychaetes?

used in swimming used as respiratory organs

How are animals such as mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles classified?

vertebrate

What are two functions provided by the well-developed planarian excretory system?

water excretion osmotic regulation

Besides the 6 legs, the thorax of an insect can also bear

wings

What structures allow certain insects the ability to escape predators, search for food, mate, and disperse offspring?

wings