bio unit 4 test
What is carbon sequestration and what enzyme is responsible for this process in cellular respiration?
the practice of removing carbon from the atmosphere and storing it ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase
Define metabolism
All the chemical reactions that occur inside living cells, including those that release and store energy.
What is a waste product of photosynthesis?
Oxygen
Identify what type of organisms do cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis occurs in plants, while cellular respiration occurs in all organisms is correct about photosynthesis and respiration.
Distinguish between a carbon source and carbon sink. Know examples of each
A carbon sink is growing in size and storing more carbon compared to a carbon source which is shrinking in size and releasing more carbon. Carbon sources include emissions from burning fossil fuels, forest fires, and respiration. Carbon sinks include the oceans, the plants, and soil.
Define substrate and explain the theory of induced fit.
A molecule that will react to form a new product.
What is ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate - ENERGY - is required for active transport.
Contrast anabolism and catabolism and give an example of each.
Anabolic reactions use energy to build complex molecules from simpler organic compounds (e.g., proteins from amino acids, carbohydrates from sugars, fats from fatty acids and glycerol) catabolic reactions break complex molecules down into simpler ones, releasing chemical energy.
How do trees counteract climate change?
As trees grow, they help stop climate change by removing carbon dioxide from the air, storing carbon in the trees and soil, and releasing oxygen into the atmosphere.
Why are cellular respiration and photosynthesis considered reciprocal processes?
Both are processes within the cell which make chemical energy available for life.
Write the overall reactions for photosynthesis and identify the reactants and products.
During photosynthesis, light energy converts carbon dioxide and water (the reactants) into glucose and oxygen (the products)
For each reactant and product in the overall cellular respiration reaction, identify the stage at which it is used or produced?
Glucose and oxygen are the reactants and the end products are carbon dioxide and water with the liberation of energy in form of ATP.
Identify the three stages of cellular respiration and where they occur in the cell.
Glycolysis in the cytoplasm, the Kreb's Cycle in the Mitochondrial Matrix and the Electron Transport Chain in the Mitochondrial Membrane.
Explain the connection between photosynthesis and greenhouse gases.
Plants consume carbon dioxide—a significant greenhouse gas—in the process of photosynthesis
Anaerobic
Process that does not require oxygen
What are enzymes?
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions or biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in biological processes
aerobic
Requiring oxygen
For photosynthesis identify the inputs and outputs of the light dependent reaction and Calvin Cycle and where they occur in the cell?
The overall inputs of the light-dependent are water, light, inorganic phosphate (Pi), Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). The output of the reaction are NADPH (NADP hydrogen), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and oxygen.
When ATP is transformed to ADP, what two things are released in the process?
When one phosphate group is removed by breaking a phosphoanhydride bond in a process called hydrolysis, energy is released, and ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
Write the overall reaction for cellular respiration and identify the reactants and products.
The reactants are oxygen and glucose. The products are ATP, CO2, and water.
What is the ultimate source of energy on Earth?
The sun
What is the source of electrons and hydrogen ions in the light dependent reactions?
Water provides the electrons by splitting into hydrogen and oxygen atoms
What type of energy do cells use?
chemical energy
What roles do photosynthesis, cellular respiration and combustion play in the carbon cycle?
during photosynthesis in the carbon cycle, plants, algae, and certain bacteria remove carbon dioxide from the air and incorporates carbon to sugar. In cellular respiration the carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere, and during combustion organic molecules are oxidized and converted into carbon dioxide and water
Enzymes are proteins, what can cause them to lose their shape and stop functions?
extreme high temperatures can cause an enzyme to lose its shape (denature) and stop working
How does cyanide affect cellular respiration?
it stops it
