Bio Unit 5 Module 2 Concept Resources
what happens in cellular respiration?
breaks down carbs to create ATP energy
How is CO2 released in the carbon cycle?
by living organisms via cellular respiration
How is co2 used in the carbon cycle?
by photosyntheic organisms to make carbohydrates
which process does atmospheric carbon get combined with energy to form carbohydrates?
calvin
What are the inputs of cellular respiration?
carbohydrates oxygen
What are outputs of photosynthesis?
carbohydrates (sugars) and oxygen
Calvin Cycle reactions photosynthesis main prodcuts
carbohydreates (sugar), ADP, NADP+
Calvin Cycle reactions photosynthesis main reactants
carbon dioxide CO2, ATP, NADPH
What are the outputs of cellular respiration
carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (a form of cells can use)
What does NAPDH do?
carries high energy elections during photosynthesis
during the carbon cylce, living organisms release carbon dixodie into the atmopshere this happens during a process called?
cellular repiration
these submerged fossil fuewl materials are subjected to?
heat and pressure of earth's crust
Where doe light reactions for photosynthesis occur?
in the thylakoids within the chloroplasts
What does solar energy do?
it strikes the earth as a particle called a photon and travels to various wavelengths
What are the 2 stages of photosynthesis?
light reactions and calvin cycle
What is cellular respiration?
living organisms break down carbs
Within all of the cells of living things, including humans, are ogranelles called what?
mitochonrdia
What needs carbon dioxide?
autotrophs, like plants, that carry out photosynthesis
What is G3P?
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
How is ATP Used for its energy and then recycled
- Formed from ADP + P with input of energy ADP + P + energy -> ATP
How is NAPDH used for its energy and then recycled
- formed when NADP+ when it accepts high energy elections - NADP+ -> e- -> NADPH - convereted back to NADP+ once the energy form its high energy electrons ins used to form carbohydrates - NADPH -> NADP+ e-
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the element carbon? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY It forms long chains called hydrocarbons. . It is absorbed from the atmosphere via the process of photosynthesis in plants. . It is involved in the formation of organic molecules. Its long-term reservoir is living creatures.
. It forms long chains called hydrocarbons. It is absorbed from the atmosphere via the process of photosynthesis in plants. . It is involved in the formation of organic molecules.
What are the steps of the Carbon cycle?
1)Carbon enters the atmosphere as carbon dioxide from respiration and combustion. 2)Carbon dioxide is absorbed by producers to make carbohydrates in photosynthesis. 3)Animals feed on the plant passing the carbon compounds along the food chain. - Most of the carbon they consume is exhaled as carbon dioxide formed during respiration. The animals and plants eventually die. 4)The dead organisms are eaten by decomposers and the carbon in their bodies is returned to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. In some conditions decomposition is blocked. The plant and animal material may then be available as fossil fuel in the future for combustion.
What are the steps light reactions photosynthesis?
1. Solar energy molecules absorb energy. Electrons are energized, forming high energy particles 2. Water is broken down, releasing electrons, hydrogen ions, and oxygen. the oxygen is released into the atomosphere 3. Some of the high energy electrons are used to produce ATP from ADP + P 4. NADP+ accepts some high energy electrons to produce NADPH
The wavelengths that are most important to photosyntsis are between what?
380 and 740 nanometers
what is the spectrum of visble light
380 and 740 nanometers
What is the formula to show that Formed from ADP + P with input of energy ?
ADP + P + energy -> ATP
What is the formula to show that ATP converted back to AD+P once its energy is used during photosynthesis
ATP -> ADP + P + energy
What does ATP stand for and what is it?
Adenosine triphosphate
Overview of ATP
Adenosine triphosphate The energy carrier of the cell Used for its energy and then recycled: - Formed from ADP + P with input of energy ADP + P + energy -> ATP - converted back to AD+P once its energy is used during photosynthsis ATP -> ADP + P + energy
What are inputs of photosynthesis?
CO2, H2O, sunlight
What are the 4 organic moleucles that make up living things?
Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids
such as burning fossil fuels as an energy source, and have increased the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide and ____________ the natural carbon cycle
High temps and roganic remains of plants and animals
What is formula to show how NADPH is formed?
NADP+ -> e- -> NADPH
What is step 4 of light reactions photosynthesis?
NADP+ accepts some high energy electrons to produce NADPH
What is formula to show NADPH converted back to NADP+ once the energy form its high energy electrons ins used to form carbohydrates
NADPH -> NADP+ e-
What is step 1 of light reactions photosynthesis?
Solar energy molecules absorb energy. Electrons are energized, forming high energy particles
What is step 3 of light reactions photosynthesis?
Some of the high energy electrons are used to produce ATP from ADP + P
What is ATP
The energy carrier of the cell Used for its energy and then recycled
What is step 2 of light reactions photosynthesis?
Water is broken down, releasing electrons, hydrogen ions, and oxygen. the oxygen is released into the atomosphere
What does the term fossil fuel refer to?
a fuel source that has been formed in the Earth from plant and animal reamains
What are nucleic acids?
a molecule of DNA is an example of this, which stores genetic informtion
What is photosynthesis?
a process by which plants, algae, and some types of bacteria convert solar energy into the chemical eneergy of a carbohydrate
what is carotenoids?
absorb wavelengths of blue green an violet light
What is chlorophyll b?
absorbs wavelengths of blue light
What is chlorophyll a?
absorbs wavelengths of violet blue and organge red light
What does the mitochondria use to produce ATP, releasing carbs dioxide, water, and heat in the process?
chemical energy (carbs) and oxygen
In order to capture the wavelengths of visible light, plants use pigments that absorb specific wavelengths of light. What are they?
chlorophyll a chlorphyll b carotenoids
What may hydrocarbons do?
combine with functional groups to form organic molecules
Why do autortrophs, like plants that carry out photosynthesis, need CO2
combine with sunlight and water to produce carbohydrates
What are lipids?
composed of a molecule glycerol bonded to a varying number of fatty acids
What are organic molecules?
contain both carbon and hydrogen
How is NADPH converted back to NADP+
convereted back to NADP+ once the energy form its high energy electrons ins used to form carbohydrates
What happens to ATP once its energy is used during photosynthesis ? what is the formula
converted back to AD+P ATP -> ADP + P + energy
What is the relationhsup of the carbon cycle and photosynthesis (3)
during the carbon cylce, living organisms release carbon dixodie into the atmopshere this happens during a process called cellular repiration, which breaks down carbs to create ATP energy during the carbon cycle, photosyntheic organisms remove co2 from the atmophere during the process of photosynthesis
How are fossil fuels, like coal, oil, and natural gas formed?
formed from the remains of living organisms. Their formation stores carbon deep with the earth plants --> decay --> dead organisms --> fossil fuels
What does the chemical structure of carbon allow it to form?
four chemical bonds long chains called hydrocarbons complex ring structures
What happens in the Calvin Cycle reactions photosynthesis?
occur in stroma main reactants: carbon dioxide CO2, ATP, NADPH main products: carbohydreates (sugar), ADP, NADP+
What happens in the light reactions for photosynthesis
occur in the thylakoids within the chloroplasts main reactants: solar engery, water H20 main products: oxygen O2, ATP, and NADPH use phtosyntehic pigments to absorb solar energy
What are examples of fossil fuels?
oil, coal, natural gas, shale
What are fossil fuels one of the biggest contributors in?
one of the biggest contributors in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentraions
How is the carbon cycle related to both the process of photosyntehsis and the process of cellular respiration?
one process takes CO2 out of the atmopshere and the other releases co2 in the atmosphere
What are chloroplasts?
oranelles that are specialized fot the chemical reaction of photosynthesis
How are fossil fuels formed?
organic materials are sumerged over long periods of time these submerged materials are subjected to the heat and pressure of earth's crust
The inputs for photosynthesis are what for cellular respiration?
outputs
What are the inputs for cellular repiration for photosyntheis?
outputs
How are fossil fuels removed form oceans?
over time, the movement of the Earth's crust pushed the decayed organic matter upward, out of the oceans and int o land coal deposits
Main products light reactions for photosynthesis
oxygen O2, ATP, and NADPH
What is photosynthesis basic definition?
plants and other photosyntheic organisms make carbohydrates
In order to capture the wavelengths of visible light, plants use what?
plants use pigments that abosrb specific wavelentghs of light
during the carbon cylce, living organisms do what?
release carbon dixodie into the atmopshere
during the carbon cycle, photosyntheic organisms do what?
remove co2 from the atmophere during the process of photosynthesis
Main reactants light reactions for photosynthesis
solar engery, water H20
Where does Calvin Cycle reactions photosynthesis occur?
stroma
The inputs to the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis include ?
sunlight
Which carbon reservoirs do members of the biosphere exchange carbon with regularly?
the atmospshere
What are proteins?
the basic structure of an amino acid; a chain of amino acid forms a protein
Many leaf strucutres are importsnt to photosynthesis, but the most important is?
the chloroplast
What is solar energy?
the energy that comes from the sun, has both wave and particle nature: it strikes the earth as a particle called a photon and travels to various wavelengths
What allows carbon to form four chemical bonds?
the four electrons in carbon's outer shell
What is a carbohydrate?
the molecule of glucose is a simple sugar, which is an example
what is wavelengths?
the oscillating path of a photon
What does NAPDH mean?
the reduced form of nicotinamide adeninine dinucleotide phosphate
NADPH overview
the reduced form of nicotinamide adeninine dinucleotide phosphate carries high energy elections during photosynthesis used for its energy and then recycled: - formed when NADP+ when it accepts high energy elections - NADP+ -> e- -> NADPH - convereted back to NADP+ once the energy form its high energy electrons ins used to form carbohydrates - NADPH -> NADP+ e-
What is a photon?
the smallest unit of light that oscillates along a path called a wavelentgh
How are the study of climate change, the carbon cycle, and the process of photosynthesis related?
they all involve carbon, specifically carbon dioxide
What happens when fossil fuels are burned by humans for energy?
they release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere combustion
What is the purpose of light reactions photosynthesis?
to capture solar energy and transfer it to high energy molecules
How do the mitochondria use chemical energy (carbs) and oxygen?
to produce ATP, releasing carbs dioxide, water, and heat in the process
How is G3P used?
to produce carbohydrate during the calvin cycle reactions of photosynthesis
How does chloroplast use energy from the sun, carbon dioxide and water?
to produce chemcial energy (carbs) and oxygen
How much energy comes from fossil fuels?
today, fossil fuels account for over 80% of the United States' energy needs
What does the chloroplast use to produce chemcial energy (carbs) and oxygen
use energy from the sun, carbon dioxide and water
How is NADPH formed?
when NADP+ when it accepts high energy elections
What is important about mitochondira?
where ceullar respiraton takes place - releases energy by breaking down carbs
