BIO106 Chapter 4: Cell Structure and Function
The thinnest protein fibers of the cytoskeleton:
actin filaments
What is the role of the storma?
contains enzymes that aid in photosynthesis
Which structure increases the surface area in a mitochondrion?
crista
Bacteria, sometimes called blue-green algae, which are photosynthetic are called
cyanobacteria
The internal framework of the cell, consisting of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments is called the
cytoskeleton
Which theory explains how eukaryotic cells evolved to include membrane bound organelles?
endosymbiotic theory
The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in eukaryotic cells and separates it from the cytoplasm is called the
nuclear envelope
An opening in the nuclear envelope that allows molecules to move in and out of the nucleus is called a
nuclear pore
The region in the nucleoplasm where rRNA is used to produce the subunits od ribosomes is called the
nucleolus
The semifluid material enclosed by the nuclear envelope is called the
nucleoplasm
A small extrachromosomal piece of circular DNA found in some bacteria is called a
plasmid
What is the function of the contractile vacuoles found in protists?
removal of excess water
Which of the following products is produced in the nucleolus?
ribosomal RNA
The cell structure that is composed of rRNA and protein and is the site of protein synthesis is the
ribosome
Which cell structure is common to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
ribosome
What is the pattern of microtubule arrangement in a centriole?
9+0 microtubule triplets
What organelle modifies and packages vesicles that are routed within the cell?
Golgi apparatus
What are the components of the endomembrane system?
Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles, nuclear envelope
-all organisms are composed of cells -cells are the basic unit of structure and function -cells only come from preexisting cells
What is cell theory?
Which of the following are functions of the peroxisomes?
breakdown fatty acids, breakdown hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
A well organized glycocalyx that is not easily removed is called a
capsule
What are the functions of the cytoskeleton?
cell shape, intracellular transport, provide structural support
What process occurs in the mitochondrion?
cellular respiration
Plastids which contain pigments that result in colors are called:
chromoplasts
The cytoskeletal filament that functions to support the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane:
intermediate filament
A colorless plastid which functions to synthesize and store starches and oil is called a
leucoplast
The term for the semifluid materials enclosed by a mitochondrion inner membrane is
matrix
Which cytoskeleton filament is the thickest?
microtubule
Identify the roles that vacuoles play in plant cells
store salts, water, and toxins
In a chloroplast, chlorophyll is located in the __________________ membrane.
thylakoid
