BIO106 Chapter 4: Cell Structure and Function

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The thinnest protein fibers of the cytoskeleton:

actin filaments

What is the role of the storma?

contains enzymes that aid in photosynthesis

Which structure increases the surface area in a mitochondrion?

crista

Bacteria, sometimes called blue-green algae, which are photosynthetic are called

cyanobacteria

The internal framework of the cell, consisting of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments is called the

cytoskeleton

Which theory explains how eukaryotic cells evolved to include membrane bound organelles?

endosymbiotic theory

The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in eukaryotic cells and separates it from the cytoplasm is called the

nuclear envelope

An opening in the nuclear envelope that allows molecules to move in and out of the nucleus is called a

nuclear pore

The region in the nucleoplasm where rRNA is used to produce the subunits od ribosomes is called the

nucleolus

The semifluid material enclosed by the nuclear envelope is called the

nucleoplasm

A small extrachromosomal piece of circular DNA found in some bacteria is called a

plasmid

What is the function of the contractile vacuoles found in protists?

removal of excess water

Which of the following products is produced in the nucleolus?

ribosomal RNA

The cell structure that is composed of rRNA and protein and is the site of protein synthesis is the

ribosome

Which cell structure is common to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

ribosome

What is the pattern of microtubule arrangement in a centriole?

9+0 microtubule triplets

What organelle modifies and packages vesicles that are routed within the cell?

Golgi apparatus

What are the components of the endomembrane system?

Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles, nuclear envelope

-all organisms are composed of cells -cells are the basic unit of structure and function -cells only come from preexisting cells

What is cell theory?

Which of the following are functions of the peroxisomes?

breakdown fatty acids, breakdown hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

A well organized glycocalyx that is not easily removed is called a

capsule

What are the functions of the cytoskeleton?

cell shape, intracellular transport, provide structural support

What process occurs in the mitochondrion?

cellular respiration

Plastids which contain pigments that result in colors are called:

chromoplasts

The cytoskeletal filament that functions to support the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane:

intermediate filament

A colorless plastid which functions to synthesize and store starches and oil is called a

leucoplast

The term for the semifluid materials enclosed by a mitochondrion inner membrane is

matrix

Which cytoskeleton filament is the thickest?

microtubule

Identify the roles that vacuoles play in plant cells

store salts, water, and toxins

In a chloroplast, chlorophyll is located in the __________________ membrane.

thylakoid


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