BIO121L Quiz

most human enzymes are more efficient near ____ degrees Celsius

37

the optimum pH for most enzymes is between ___&___

6, 8

enzyme

a biological catalyst that accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected by the reaction

bromelain

an enzyme that occurs in pineapples and can be found in the leaves, stems, and fruit of pineapples

catalase

an enzyme that the liver produces in order to break the H2O2 down into water and oxygen

inhibitors

bind to an enzyme and decrease its activity

why is catalase important?

catalase is important because it is needed in order to break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. hydrogen peroxide is produced as a poisonous metabolic by-product in the liver. the catalase is able to break down millions of hydrogen peroxide molecules per minute

optimal conditions

certain parameters that an enzyme functions best

enzymatic action can be affected by:

concentration substrate, concentration enzymes, temperature, pH, salinity

what is the control, independent, and dependent variables in the effect of pH on the rate of bromelain activity and formation of jello experiment

control - independent - dependent -

what is the control, independent, and dependent variables in the effect of temperature on the rate of bromelain activity and formation of jello experiment

control - room temp. water independent - the temp. of water dependent -rate of bromelain activity

what is the control, independent, and dependent variables in the bromelain and formation of jello experiment

control - water independent - bromelain dependent - the result of bromelain activity in jello

bromelain and other proteolytic enzymes _______________________________

degrade the gelatin proteins and prevent the gelatin from setting

if the shape of an enzyme is altered and loses its function, the enzyme is said too be _______

denatured

fresh pineapple juice + jello

did not solidify, proteins were broken down, the bromelain worked

induced-fit model

explains how an active site on an enzyme changes its shape slightly to accommodate the substrate

explain why fresh pineapple or fresh pineapple juice should not be added to a jello salad

fresh pineapple or fresh pineapple juice should not be added to a jello salad because bromelain breaks down the proteins and does not solidify when combined with gelatin

if the temperature is below or above the optimum temperature, the reaction of the enzyme and the substrate is _________

impeded

bromelain purpose

is a proteolytic enzyme (protease) that breaks down proteins into their amino acids by hydrolysis

enzyme purpose

most of the chemical reactions within living systems are controlled by specialized proteins enzymes ensure these pathways do not slow dow and become congested by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to take place

cofactors

nonorganic metal ions aid the action of an enzyme

coenzymes

nonprotein organic molecules that improve enzymatic action

2 mL of fresh pineapple juice

not solidified

cold water

not solidified

1 mL NaOH 1 mL fresh pineapple juice

not solidified, bromelain worked

active site

part of the enzyme that binds to the substrate

what is the importance of the reusability of enzymes?

since enzymes can be reused and recycled again and again, therefore saving energy

1 mL HCl 1 mL fresh pineapple juice

solidified

1 mL HCl 1 mL water

solidified

1 mL NaOH 1 mL water

solidified

2 mL of water

solidified

canned pineapple juice + jello

solidified

water

solidified

water + jello

solidified

hot water

solidified, bromelian was denatured

explain why the gelatin plus canned pineapple juice solidified, but the gelatin plus fresh pineapple juice did not

the enzyme in bromelain in the canned pineapple juice was denatured and therefore solidified when combined with gelatin. the bromelain was not denatured in the fresh pineapple juice and therefore reacted when combined with the gelatin by breaking the proteins down and not solidifying

because enzymes are proteins, they can be destroyed by heat. if the beef or chicken liver was boiled for 5 minutes before placing it in the test tubes, what may have been the results?

the enzyme may have been denatured causing no reaction to occur, meaning the hydrogen peroxide would not bubble when added to the test tube with the chicken liver

activation energy

the original input of energy necessary to initiate a reaction

catabolic (degradation)

the processes that break down substances

anabolic (synthesis)

the processes that build new substances

substrate

the reactant the enzyme acts upon

metabolism

the sum total of chemical processes

explain how extreme of temperature and pH alter the activity of an enzyme

too high or too cold of temperature denotes an enzyme. too basic or too acidic of a pH will denature an enzyme

can various foods affect the nature of digestive enzymes?

various foods can affect the nature of digestive enzymes because various foods have different pH levels and different pH levels can affect whether or not the digestive enzyme is denatured or not

enzyme-substrate complex

when the enzyme and the substrate join

can food processing and cooking foods affect enzymes in our food products? why?

yes, because heating up the enzyme cause the enzyme to denature. enzymes, when heated to a certain point, will become denatured