Bio2 Unit 2
A normal size range for a typical eukaryotic cell is _____. (p. 112) 0.1 nanometers 10 nanometers 100 nanometers 1-10 micrometers 10-100 micrometers
10-100 micrometers
The purpose of cellular respiration is the production of which of the following? (p. 124) ATP oxygen carbon dioxide glucose all of the above
ATP
Membrane proteins are synthesized by ribosomes that are attached to _____. (p. 119) the Golgi apparatus mitochondria the nucleolus the endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes
ER
A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually used to build a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the _____. (p. 119) Golgi apparatus smooth endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion nucleus chloroplast
Golgi apparatus
A certain cell has mitochondria, ribosomes, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and other parts. Based on this information, it could NOT be _____. (p. 112) a cell from a pine tree a grasshopper cell a yeast (fungus) cell a bacterium actually, it could be any of the above
a bacterium
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have several common features; for example, _____. (p. 123) both are capable of semiautonomous growth and reproduction neither are components of the endomembrane system each contains a small amount of DNA each organelle synthesizes some of its own protein all of the above
all of the above
Three or four of the following cellular organelles possess membranes. Which one, if any, does NOT possess membranes? If all the listed organelles possess differentially permeable membranes, choose answer (5). (p. 117) nucleus chloroplasts mitochondria lysosomes all of the above
all of the above
What characteristic or characteristics are shared by plant cells but not by animal cells? (p. 132) cell walls chloroplasts central vacuoles lack of a centriole all of the above
all of the above
Microscopes have been especially important in cytology, which is the study of ____________. (p. 111) cell structure cellular metabolism molecular genetics energetics of cells none of the above
cell structure
Which cellular organelle is required for photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells? (p. 124) chloroplast nucleus chromoplast Golgi apparatus mitochondrion
chloroplasts
Basal bodies are most closely associated with which one of the following cell components? (p. 128) bacterial flagella mesosomes cilia the central vacuole mitochondria
cilia
What are the inner folds of the mitochondria called? (p. 124) cristae matrix stroma grana tubules
cristae
Where would you expect to find contractile proteins in a cell? (p. 131) lysosomes cytoskeleton nucleus smooth endoplasmic reticulum chloroplasts
cytoskeleton
Cilia and flagella move due to energy provided by the enzymatic breakdown of ATP by which of the following? (p. 130) actin pseudopodia basal bodies myosin dynein
dynein
Which of the following statements describes the function of the contractile vacuole? (p. 123) It contains trapped bacteria to be digested by the lysosomes. It contains the cell sap. It eliminates excess water from the cytoplasm of freshwater protists. It converts light energy to chemical energy. It converts light energy to physical energy.
eliminates excess water from cytoplasm of freshwater protists
Which of the following are found in prokaryotic cells? (p. 112) Golgi bodies mitochondria nucleoli enzymes all of the above
enzymes
Which one of the following structures is directly involved in the passage of electrical signals between cells as, for example, in the vertebrate heart? (p. 134) gap junctions chemical synapses desmosomes tight junctions neuromuscular junctions
gap junctions
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both _____________; they are different in that chloroplasts, but not mitochondria, _____________. (p. 123) have a double membrane ... carry out photosynthesis have many internal membranes that increase their internal surface area ... are found in plants have an internal 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules ... also have centrioles deal with energy transformations ... are found only in eukaryotes have a double membrane ... contain DNA
have a double membrane...carry out photosynthesis
You would expect to find __________ as an important part of a __________, the function of which is to __________. (p. 134) gap junctions ... middle lamella ... export hydrogen ions from a chloroplast actin F ... microtubule ... maintain membrane fluidity tonofilaments ... tonoplast ... organize DNA intermediate fibers ... desmosome ... tightly fasten two cell membranes together tonofilaments ... plasmodesma ... digest nutrients
intermediate fibers...desmosome...tightly fasten two cell membranes together
Cell fractionation is the most appropriate procedure for preparing ____ for study. (p. 111) isolated cells that are normally found tightly attached to neighboring cells cells without a functional cytoskeleton isolated organelles the basic macromolecules bone and other similar cells that are situated within a mineral framework
isolated organelles
The maximum size of a cell is limited by _____. (p. 112) its need for enough surface area to make exchanges with its environment the number of organelles that can be packed inside the materials needed to build it the amount of flexibility it needs to be able to move the amount of food it needs to survive
its need for enough surface area to make exchanges with its environment
lack a nucleus
lack a nucleus
Sara would like to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Her best choice for a microscope would be a _____. (p. 109) light microscope, because of its resolving power transmission electron microscope, because of its magnifying power scanning electron microscope, because the specimen is alive transmission electron microscope, because of its great resolving power light microscope, because the specimen is alive
light microscope, because the specimen is alive
The rough endoplasmic reticulum can be considered to be in which general category of organelle? (p. 119) breakdown energy-processing manufacturing support between cells communication between cells
manufacturing
Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____. (p. 124) reproducing metabolically active dead metabolically inactive undergoing cell division
metabolically active
When elongated, tube-shaped cells from the lining of the intestine are treated with a certain chemical; the cells sag and become round blobs. The internal structures disrupted by this chemical are probably _____. (p. 127) cell junctions microtubules rough endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria dynein
microtubules
The internal skeleton of a cell is composed of _____. (p. 126) microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments cellulose and intermediate filaments cellulose, microtubules, and centrioles microfilaments microfilaments and cellulose
microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments
Which of the following structures cannot be found in prokaryotic cells? (p. 112) flagella cell membranes mitochondria ribosomes RNA
mitochondria
A plant cell was grown in a test tube containing radioactive nucleotides, the parts from which DNA is built. Later examination of the cell showed the radioactivity to be concentrated in the _____. (p. 117) rough endoplasmic reticulum peroxisome smooth endoplasmic reticulum central vacuole nucleus
nucleus
The protein actin is an example of a(n) _____. (p. 130) intermediate filament microtubule tubulin microfilament organelle
organelle
Chloroplasts are found in _____. (p. 124) plant cells only animal cells only both plant cells and animal cells neither plant cells nor animal cells animal cells and bacterial cells but not in plant cells
plant cells only
Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through a _____. (p. 133) tight junction microtubule desmosome plasmodesma gap junction
plasmodesma
The cell junctions in plant cells that provide channels between adjacent cells are generally _____. (p. 133) anchoring junctions communicating junctions plasmodesmata tight junctions synapses
plasmodesma
Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common? (p. 112) mitochondria, cytoplasm, plasma membrane ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm nucleus, plasma membrane, ribosomes mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm ribosomes, nucleus, plasma membrane
ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm
Of the following organelles, which group is involved in manufacturing the substances needed by the cell? (p. 117) lysosome, vacuole, ribosome ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, vacuole rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, vacuole
ribosomes, rough ER, smooth ER
Prokaryotic-type ribosomes are NOT associated with _____. (p. 118) rough endoplasmic reticulum bacterial cells plastids mitochondria any of these
rough ER
Which one of the following organelles would be especially abundant in the pancreatic cells that produce digestive enzymes? (p. 119) rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes microfilaments mitochondria
rough ER
A magnified picture of the detailed architecture of cell surfaces can best be obtained from a(n) _____. (p. 110) scanning electron microscope transmission electron microscope light microscope magnifying glass none of the above
scanning electron microscope
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____. (p. 119) make a lot of ATP secrete a lot of material move actively perform photosynthesis store large quantities of food
secrets a lot of material
In muscle cells the ____ is/are specialized for the storage and release of calcium. (p. 119) mitochondria smooth endoplasmic reticulum the Golgi apparatus contractile vacuoles rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth ER
When isolated liver cells are combined with toxins, initial processing in the ______________ increases the solubility of those compounds as an initial step in their excretion. (p. 118) smooth endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus mitochondrion rough endoplasmic reticulum lysosome
smooth ER
What do limits on maximum cell size depend on? (p. 112) the number of organelles surface-to-volume ratio number of surrounding cells amount of DNA in the nucleus thickness of the cell membrane
surface-to-volume ratio
Lysosomes are derived from _____________ and function in _____________. (p. 121) mitochondria ... anaerobic respiration the Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum ... digestion of worn-out organelles microtubule organizing centers ... storage of ATP symbiotic bacteria ... extrachromosomal inheritance nucleoli ... aerobic respiration
the Golgi apparatus and rough ER...digestion of worn out organelles
Which one of the following is the most likely consequence for a cell lacking functional lysosomes? (p. 121) The cell becomes crowded with undegraded wastes. The cell dies because its ATP-synthesizing mechanisms are missing. The cell dies from a lack of enzymes to catalyze metabolic reactions. The cell is unable to reproduce itself. The cell is unable to grow to a mature size and always remains small.
the cell becomes crowded with unregarded waste
The term "resolving power" refers to which of the following? (p. 109) the apparent increase in the size of an object the source of the illumination the depth of focus the clarity of the image in showing two objects as separate the type of cell being observed
the clarity of the image showing two objects as seperate
Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why? (p. 134) The intestinal cells are fused together into one giant cell. The intestinal cells are bound together by plasmodesmata. The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions. The intestinal cells are bound together by gap junctions. The intestinal cells are bound together by desmosomes.
the intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions
Most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is in _____. (p. 117) the cytoskeleton the mitochondria the endomembrane system the cytoplasm the nucleus
the nucleus
Which of the following would NOT be considered part of a cell's cytoplasm? (p. 112) a ribosome the nucleus a mitochondrion a microtubule fluid between the organelles
the nucleus
To enter or leave a cell, substances must pass through _____. (p. 113) a microtubule the Golgi apparatus a ribosome the nucleus the plasma membrane
the plasma membrane
What is the function of the nucleolus? (p. 117) to contain the hereditary blueprint of the cell to modify substances made on the endoplasmic reticulum to organize the spindle fibers for cell division to provide materials for the synthesis of ribosomes none of the above
to provide materials for the synthesis of ribosomes