BIO201: SB2 Assignment

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Which are true regarding metabolism?

-It can be defined as the sum of all of the chemical reactions in the body. -It includes reactions where new molecules are synthesized. -It includes reactions where molecules are broken down.

Indicate which statements are true of proteins. Select all that apply.

-They catalyze chemical reactions. -They act as receptors on cells' surfaces. -They make up molecules that can transport oxygen.

Identify the components of a triglyceride below. Choose all that apply.

-Three fatty acids -Glycerol

an enzyme associated with its substrate is referred to as an enzyme-substrate ______________

complex

Which term can apply to a molecule composed of two or more different elements?

compound

A peptide bond is formed through ______.

dehydration synthesis

A carbohydrate composed of two covalently-bonded simple sugars (monosaccharides) is called a(n) _______

disaccharide

groups of atoms that are added to carbon backbones and that give organic molecules a variety of unique properties are generally known as _______________ groups

functioal

Which of the following terms refers to common arrangements of atoms that give organic molecules their unique properties?

functional groups

Name the monosaccharide (C6H12O6), also known as blood sugar.

glucose

Which monosaccharide is the monomer that forms glycogen and starch?

glucose

Identify the polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals.

glycogen

a glucose polymer synthesized by liver, muscle, uterine, and vaginal cells that serves as an energy-storage polysaccharide is a _____________ molecule

glycogen

a ________________ is a phospholipid molecule with a carbohydrate covalently bonded to it. it can be found in the plasma membranes of cells

glycolipid

What term can be used to describe any molecule that is non-polar and does not dissolve in water?

hydrophobic

To a certain point, increasing the concentration of reactants in a solution will ______ the rate of the reaction.

increase

When a sodium atom loses an electron, it becomes a sodium ______.

ion

a(n) ______________ is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons

ion

the number of molecules of a chemical that is equal to its molecular weight in grams, is a(n) ______________

mole

Adding together the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule gives a value known as its _________ weight.

molecular

a(n) ______________ is composed of two or more atoms that are held together by chemical bonds

molecule

Which term is used to refer to a simple sugar, or sugar monomer?

monosaccharide

Disaccharides can be broken down into ______.

monosaccharides

Triglycerides are also called ______.

neutral fats

Isotopes differ from one another by containing different numbers of which subatomic particle?

neutron

The uncharged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom is a(n)

neutron

Which is an uncharged particle found in the nucleus of an atom?

neutron

What is the active site of an enzyme?

where it binds its substrate

Name the level of protein structure that is determined by the amino acid sequence of the protein.

primary

the ___________ structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence

primary

Amino acids are the subunits of larger molecules called _________.

proteins

Polypeptides over 100 amino acids long are generally classified as which of the following?

proteins

Which of the following best defines an acid?

proton donor

In general, a process that involves the formation or breakdown of molecules is called a chemical _________.

reaction

A fatty acid contains the maximum number of hydrogens possible. It is ______.

saturated

Name the level of protein structure that is determined by the folding of the protein into alpha helices and beta sheets due to hydrogen bonding between amino acids.

secondary

the ___________ level of protein structure is determined by the folding of the protein due to hydrogen bonding between amino acids to form alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets

secondary

Which of the following is a definition of energy?

the capacity to do work

____________ is the study of the molecules and chemical reactions that occur in living cells.

Biochemistry

Peptide bonds are used to join two of these together.

amino acids

Which of the following are the monomeric subunits that make up a protein?

amino acids

Salt on a watermelon is an example of a ______.

mixture

a(n) _______________ consists of substances that are physically blended but not chemically bound

mixture

Which three functional groups are part of the basic structure of every amino acid?

- amino group - carboxyl group - radical (R group)

Which of the following statements about the molecular weight of a molecule are true?

- it is equal to the sum of the atomic weights - it is measured in atomic mass units - it is useful for calculating concentrations

which are examples of lipids?

- phospholipids - fatty acids - triglycerides - steroids

choose the lipids in the list below

- triglycerides -eicosanoids - steroids - phospholipids - fatty acids

Fatty acids contain ______ groups.

-Carboxyl -Methyl

which of the terms below can be applied to glucose (C6H12O6)?

-compound -molecule

Which of the following will, in general, increase the rate of a reaction?

-increasing temperature -increasing concentrations of reactants

Which of the following best describes a glycolipid?

A phospholipid molecule covalently bonded to a carbohydrate

Which is an example of a nucleotide?

ATP

Which molecule, composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups, functions as an energy-transfer molecule?

Adenosine triphosphate

Metabolic reactions that use energy and build more complex molecules from less complex molecules are considered which type of reaction?

Anabolic

Which term means the study of the molecules and chemical reactions that occur in living cells?

Biochemistry

The term anabolism specifically applies to metabolic reactions that do which of the following?

Build large molecules from small molecules.

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides are all examples of which type of macromolecule?

Carbohydrates

Which element is the foundation of biological molecules? Hint: it is able to form a wide variety of compounds because it has four valence electrons.

Carbon

the element that is the foundation of biological molecules is _________________. this element has four valence electrons and can form a wide variety of bonds

Carbon

Which type of reaction is always exergonic?

Catabolic

Which term applies to metabolic decomposition reactions that release energy?

Catabolism

Which term defines the simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties?

Element

Which term is used to describe the structure formed by the combining of the enzyme and its specific substrate?

Enzyme-substrate complex

Catabolic reactions release energy. Because of this, they can be classified as which of the following?

Exergonic

A molecule consisting of a carbon chain, with 4 to 24 carbons, with a methyl group on one end and a carboxyl group on the opposite end is which of the following?

Fatty acid

Which of the following describes a catabolic reaction?

Large protein molecules are broken down into smaller amino acids during digestion.

Which of the following would give you the molarity of a solution?

Moles/liter

Which type of fatty acid has two or more double bonds within its carbon chain?

Polyunsaturated

Name the family of macromolecules that plays a role in cell structure, communication (hormones and neurotransmitters), membrane transport, catalysis (enzymes), recognition and protection (immune factors), movement (contractile molecules), and cell adhesion.

Proteins

HCl is a compound that releases hydrogen ions when put into water. Therefore, it is a(n) ______.

acid

the energy required to initiate or begin a chemical reaction is called its ______________ energy

activation

Which term refers to the energy needed to get a chemical reaction started?

activation energy

the substrate-binding site of an enzyme is known as the _______________ site

active

Which molecule combines with an inorganic phosphate to form ATP?

adenosine diphosphate

The energy molecule that is produced by cellular respiration and used in metabolic reactions is ______.

adenosine triphosphate

nucleotides contain a phosphate, a sugar and a nitrogenous ________________.

base

Which of the following is another term for enzyme?

biological catalyst

The ______ family of macromolecules are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio and includes sugars, starches, glycogen, and cellulose.

carbohydrate

Covalent, ionic, and hydrogen are examples of ___________ bonds

chemical

Which term refers to an attractive force caused by the sharing or transfer of electrons?

chemical bond

A pure chemical substance that consists of one type of atom is called a(n) ________.

element

an input of ____________ is required for a system to perform work

energy

a(n) ___________ is a protein that functions as a biological catalyst.

enzyme

True or false: Saturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds.

false

True or false: Unsaturated fatty acids do not have double bonds.

false

which is a hydrophobic substance? Water or fats?

fats

A molecule with the chemical formula C57H110O6 is an example of which type of organic molecule?

lipid

Hydrophobic organic molecules, such as fatty acids, fats, steroids, and prostaglandins, are classified as what type of molecule?

lipid

any molecule of large size and high molecular weight, such as a protein or starch, is known as a _____________.

macromolecule

molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are examples of ________________ because they are made up of many repeating subunits

macromolecules

the term _____________ refers to the sum of all the chemical reactions in the body

metabolism

Name the type of bond that holds amino acids together in a protein molecule.

peptide bond

a(n) _____________ is a lipid that consists of two hydrophobic fatty acids tails and a hydrophilic phosphate head.

phospholipid

Which of the following molecules are the major component of the plasma membrane?

phospholipids

In a solution, the more abundant substance that dissolves another substance is known as what?

solvent

Saltwater is a solution of NaCl dissolved in water. In this example, NaCl is the solute and water is the _______.

solvent

Which of the following is the only plant polysaccharide that humans can digest?

starch

________ is an energy-storage polysaccharide in plants.

starch

Which term refers to the substance upon which an enzyme acts?

substrate

a _____________ is the substance that an enzyme acts upon

substrate

Deuterium and tritium are isotopes of hydrogen. What is different about them?

they have a different number of neutrons

A chemical reaction is a process in which a covalent or ionic bond is broken or formed.

true

A molecule may be composed of one element or more than one element.

true

True or false: Formation of adenosine triphosphate from adenosine diphosphate and an inorganic phosphate molecule requires the input of energy.

true

Disaccharides are composed of how many covalently-bonded simple sugars?

two

How many double covalent bonds are in the carbon chain of a polyunsaturated fatty acid?

two or more

A fatty acid has a double bond in its carbon chain. It is a(n) ______ fatty acid.

unsaturated


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