Bio220: Chapter 24
Where does most nutrient reabsorption occur?
1
Approximately____ liters of glomerular filtrate enter glomerular capsules each day.
180
Which structure is the collecting duct?
6
This figure shows a frontal section of the kidney. Which number indicates the renal pelvis?
8
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is the pressure of:
blood in the glomerular capillaries.
The primary mechanism of water reabsorption in the kidney is:
osmosis through aquaporins
The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the:
renal pelvis
The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the:
renal pelvis
Granular cells synthesize and release the enzyme:
renin
Generally, negatively charged plasma proteins are:
repelled by the negative charge of the filtration membrane
The __________ transfer urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
ureters
Urine is eliminated from the body through the:
urethra
Which of the following is a nitrogenous waste product produced from nucleic acid breakdown in the liver?
uric acid
Urine is temporarily stored in the:
urinary bladder
Podocytes are cells with foot-like processes called pedicels. Podocytes are found in the:
visceral layer of the glomerular capsule
What physiological process occurs at the structure labeled "2"?
Filtration
In response to low blood _______, the kidneys secrete _______.
Oxygen, erythropoietin
If someone is bleeding severely, the body's adaptive response is to:
Increase sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore decrease GFR
How are the processes of reabsorption and secretion related?
Materials move in opposite directions: reabsorption moves materials into the blood, whereas secretion removes them from the blood.
How are nephrons, collecting ducts, and collecting tubules related to each other?
One nephron drains into one collecting tubule, and several collecting tubules empty into a collecting duct.
This figure shows a renal corpuscle. What structure does number 1 indicate?
Proximal convoluted tubule
The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is:
Reabsorbing nutrients
Which is not a function of the kidneys?
Regulation of lymphocyte production
Identify the structure labeled "6"
Renal column
This figure shows a frontal section of the kidney. What structure does number 5 indicate?
Renal lobe
Identify the structure labeled "8"
Renal papilla
Identify the structure labeled "9"
Renal pelvis
Identify the structure labeled "5"
Renal pyramid
Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by:
The ureters
The most abundant waste solute in urine is...
Urea
Identify the structure labeled "10"
Ureter
A glomerulus is:
a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle
This figure shows a renal corpuscle. What structure does number 4 indicate?
afferent arteriole
Nutrients such as glucose and amino acids within the tubular fluid:
are completely reabsorbed
The capillaries of the glomerulus differ from most other capillary networks in the body because they:
drain into an arteriole instead of a venule
The afferent arteriole in the kidney...
carries blood to the glomerulus
Eighty-five percent of nephrons in the human kidney are located in the _____ and have short nephron loops.
cortex
An obstruction in the glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the:
efferent arteriole
Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the:
efferent arteriole
The outermost layer of the kidney is the:
fibrous capsule
The process of filtration occurs at the:
glomerulus
The thick tangle of capillary loops found within a corpuscle is known as the:
glomerulus
Blood pressure in the glomerulus is _______ than in other capillaries due to the relatively large diameter of _____ arterioles.
higher, afferent
The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the:
hilum
Nephrons located close to the medulla with long nephron loops are called:
juxtamedullary nephrons
Which class of nephron is crucially important in establishing a salt concentration gradient in the kidney so that urine concentration can be regulated?
juxtamedullary nephrons
What is the correct sequence of organs for the formation and elimination of urine?
kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra
All of the following are true of the kidneys except that they are:
located partly within the pelvic cavity
Which of the following choices lists structures in the order that urine flows through them?
minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis
The functional unit of the kidney is the:
nephron
The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the:
nephron loop
Which type of distal cell within kidney tubules and collecting ducts are responsive to aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone?
principal cells
Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine except...
proteins
Generally, most water reabsorption in a nephron occurs at the:
proximal convoluted tubule and is called obligatory water reabsorption.
Most tubular reabsorption occurs in the:
proximal convoluted tubule, where cells have many microvilli.
Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system except the:
rectum