BIO225 test 3 - Chapter 12

correct order of events in phagocytosis

Chemotaxis Ingestion Phagolysosome formation Destruction Excretion

T or F. The first line of defense includes a number of true immune responses.

False

the second line of defense

Inflammation Phagocytosis Fever Antimicrobial products

neutrophils

Neutrophils are a primary component of pus. Neutrophils die rapidly when they produce reactive oxygen species.

main functions of the inflammatory response

Repair of damaged tissues Destroying microbes, blocking further invasion Mobilization and attraction of immune components to the site of infection or trauma

major function of the lymphatic system

Supporting surveillance through lymphocytes, phagocytes and antibodies Acting as a drain-off system for the inflammatory response Providing a route to return extracellular fluid to the circulatory system

Defecation and vomiting are considered to be components of the ________ line of defense.

first

nonspecific host defenses

first and second line

A differentiated macrophage that takes up residence in a specific tissue, such as a Kupffer cell in the liver, is called a

histiocyte

Which are the three activities of phagocytes?

ingest and destroy cellular materials for disposal survey tissue to discover microbes and other material for disposal recognize antigens from foreign matter

In the process of phagocytosis, the step after chemotaxis is

ingestion

The white blood cell can determine that the other body cells are self by

interactions with surface antigens

All white blood cells are called

leukocytes

B cells and T cells belong to a group of leukocytes called

lymphocytes

The function of pattern recognition receptors on phagocytes, dendritic cells, and other host immune cells is to bind PAMPs on

microbial cells

A large leukocyte that can develop into a tissue macrophage is a(n)

monocyte

Cells that engulf and destroy foreign molecules are ________ and __________ that comprise the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS).

monocytes and macrophages

The first and second lines of host defense are ______ protections

nonspecific

An internal system of protective cells, fluids, and processes that includes inflammation and phagocytosis is called the ______ line of defense.

second

An internal system of protective cells, fluids, and processes, including inflammation and phagocytosis, is the _________ line of defense

second

A host barrier with an acidic pH and high fatty acid content that is inhibitory to many microbes is the _______

skin

The pluripotent, undifferentiated cells of the bone marrow that can give rise to any type of blood cell are called _________ cells.

stem

transported by lymphatic fluid

white blood cells cellular debris infectious agents

A liquid connective tissue consisting of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets suspended in plasma is called

whole blood

The Latin terms for the signs and symptoms of inflammation are _______(pain), _______(warmth), _________(swelling), and _________(redness).

dolor calor tumor rubor

Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)

engulf and degrade foreign molecules

The unique macromolecules on the surfaces of cells that can be detected as foreign by the immune system are called

antigens

the white blood cell recognizes __________ on the surface of the body cells and does not make a response against them

antigens

Cells that originate in the mononculear phagocyte system (MPS) and extracellular fluid (ECF) can diffuse or migrate into the blood or lymphatics due to the _________ that penetrate into the interstitium.

capillaries

A regulatory chemical released by cells of the immune system that serves as signal between different cells is a(n)

cytokine

main responsibilities of the immune system

destruction of foreign entities such as pathogens surveillance of the body recognition of foreign material