Chapter 3 and 5 Psychology Test

Light waves are transmitted across the ________ and enter the eye through the ________. A. cornea; pupil B. iris; pupil C. lens; retina D. pupil; cornea

A. cornea; pupil

Diabetes is a(n) ________ disorder because insulin is a ________. A. endocrine; hormone B. endocrine; neurotransmitter C. neurological; hormone D. neurological; neurotransmitter

A. endocrine; hormone

Broca's area is located in which lobe of the brain? A. frontal B. occipital C. parietal D. temporal

A. frontal

________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels. A. homeostasis B. resting potential C. reuptake D. synergy

A. homeostasis

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland? A. hypothalamus B. ovaries C. pineal gland D. thyroid

A. hypothalamus

Which of the following describes the difference in stimuli required to detect a difference between the stimuli? A. just noticeable B. signal detection C. subliminal D. top down

A. just noticeable

Felix is riding his bicycle. His ability to sense how his torso is adjusting to the speed of his cycling and how his legs are pumping up and down is called ________. A. kinesthesia B. nociception C. olfaction D. thermoception

A. kinesthesia

What does the place theory of pitch perception suggest? A. Different amplitudes of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different waves. B. Different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies. C. Different portions of the ear are sensitive to sounds of different decibels. D. Different sections of the cochlea are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies.

B. Different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies.

Which field of psychology includes the following concepts: figure-ground relationship, law of continuity, and principle of closure? A. biometric B. Gestalt C. Pacinian D. somatosensory

B. Gestalt

How does a cochlear implant enable the deaf to hear? A. It receives incoming sound information and bypasses the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain through the optic nerve. B. It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain. C. It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the basilar membrane to transmit information to the brain. D. It receives incoming sound information and indirectly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain.

B. It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain.

How does the term Gestalt relate to the psychological study of perception? A. Gestalt psychology was popular in the 20th century, but it has been replaced by psycholinguistics. B. Perception involves more than simply combining sensory stimuli; therefore, perception is studied as Gestalt. C. Perception is a Gestalt branch of psychology, meaning the brain is studied apart from the body. D. Sensation requires the use of Gestalt psychology; perception requires the use of gerund psychology.

B. Perception involves more than simply combining sensory stimuli; therefore, perception is studied as Gestalt.

What has research by Goolkasian & Woodbury (2010) demonstrated about pattern perception? A. Subliminal priming is more effective than priming above the absolute threshold. B. Those who are given verbal priming produce a biased interpretation of complex ambiguous figures. C. Those who have a preexisting phobia will interpret innocuous patterns as threatening. D. Those who receive less auditory priming are more likely to hear things than those who receive more auditory priming.

B. Those who are given verbal priming produce a biased interpretation of complex ambiguous figures.

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________. A. autonomic; somatic nervous systems B. autonomic; sympathetic nervous systems C. central; peripheral nervous systems D. parasympathetic; sympathetic nervous systems

C. central; peripheral nervous systems

A difference in ________ can explain why one person dies from a disease and another person survives. A. behavior B. evolution C. genetics D. nurture

C. genetics

Our vestibular sense contributes to our ability to ________. A. distinguish the fat content of food B. feel pain C. maintain balance and body posture D. regulate body temperature

C. maintain balance and body posture

The ________ is located deep within the brain, and it includes structures such as the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. A. forebrain B. hindbrain C. midbrain D. neocortex

C. midbrain

Psychotropic medications are drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring ________ balance. A. emotional B. GABA C. neurotransmitter D. serotonin

C. neurotransmitter

Which nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain? A. cornea B. linear C. optic D. photoreceptor

C. optic

Which of the following is not a forebrain structure? A. amygdala B. hippocampus C. pons D. thalamus

C. pons

Sensory and motor neurons of the ________ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary. A. autonomic B. parasympathetic C. somatic D. sympathetic

C. somatic

The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system. A. axons; terminal buttons B. dendrites; synaptic vesicles C. terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles D. terminal buttons; transport proteins

C. terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles

Considerable debate occurs regarding the use of anabolic steroid drugs like ________ in professional athletes and bodybuilders. A. growth hormone B. insulin C. testosterone D. thyroxine

C. testosterone

Studying close relatives allows behavioral geneticists to determine ________. A. how behaviors have changed over time B. the contribution of genes or environment to the behavior in the individuals studied C. the relative contributions of genes and environment in a population D. whether genes or environment cause a behavior or trait

C. the relative contributions of genes and environment in a population

What kind of processing is exemplified by the following scenario? Shimon offers Mouin some salmon. Mouin thinks, "How nice. My friend is offering me fish. I wonder where he got it." This thought leads Mouin to feel happy, appreciative, and curious; he responds with a smile and an extended hand. A. bottom-down B. bottom-up C. top-down D. top-first

C. top-down

In addition to sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, what other taste groupings do we possess? A. meat and vegetable B. monosodium and glutamate C. umami and fat content D. umami and monosodium glutamate

C. umami and fat content

A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________. A. be twice as strong B. last twice as long C. undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration D. travel twice as fast down the axon

C. undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration

Two lines appear to be a different length, though in reality they are the same length. This is known as the ________ illusion. A. Meissner B. Ménière C. Merkel D. Müller-Lyer

D. Müller-Lyer

Which of the following statements best describes trichromatic theory and opponent-process theory? A. Both theories are equally accurate, but they apply to different levels of the nervous system. B. Research has not supported either theory. C. The opponent-process theory is more accurate than the trichromatic theory. D. The trichromatic theory is more accurate than the opponent-process theory.

A. Both theories are equally accurate, but they apply to different levels of the nervous system.

Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain? A. Broca's area B. hippocampus C. thalamus D. Wernicke's area

A. Broca's area

Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment? A. cones B. fovea C. lens D. rods

A. cones

What has research shown about processing subliminal messages? A. In laboratory settings, people can process and respond to information outside of their awareness. B. In laboratory settings, people do not perceive information outside of their awareness. C. In real life, people obey subliminal messages like zombies. D. Outside of laboratory settings, people have a lower absolute threshold.

A. In laboratory settings, people can process and respond to information outside of their awareness.

Which of the following is false about sensation? A. Sensation refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced. B. We have a sensory system that provides information about balance, called the vestibular sense. C. We have more than five senses. D. When sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor, sensation has occurred.

A. Sensation refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced.

Which of the following statements about olfactory receptors is false?A. They are bulb-like structures at the tip of the frontal lobe where the olfactory nerves begin. B. They are cells. C. They are located in a mucous membrane at the top of the nose. D. They have small, hair-like extensions.

A. They are bulb-like structures at the tip of the frontal lobe where the olfactory nerves begin.

Suppose you are watching a movie on a large screen. For a fraction of a second, the words "Drink Cola" flash on the screen. You do not perceive the words "Drink Cola" because it is beyond your absolute threshold. In this example, the message "Drink Cola" is an example of ________. A. a subliminal message B. bottom-up processing C. sensory adaptation D. top-down processing

A. a subliminal message

________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals. A. action potential B. depolarization C. hyperpolarization D. threshold of excitation

A. action potential

Sariah enters a room with several chirping crickets in it. Upon first entering the room, Sariah can hear the chirping; however, as she begins to talk to her friends, she is no longer aware of the chirping even though it is still there. The fact that Sariah no longer perceives the chirping sound demonstrates sensory ________. A. adaptation B. formation C. regression D. revision

A. adaptation

During the fight or flight response, which of the following endocrine glands is most likely to increase activity? A. adrenal B. pancreas C. testes D. thyroid

A. adrenal

Kimya stares at a bright light and then looks away. After she looks away, she perceives a spot. What is this spot? A. afterimage B. blind spot C. preimage D. night blindness

A. afterimage

What term describes the continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus? A. afterimage B. preimage C. fovea D. monocular

A. afterimage

The ________ is involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories. A. amygdala B. corpus callosum C. hypothalamus D. pons

A. amygdala

Which of the following is not a hindbrain structure? A. amygdala B. cerebellum C. medulla D. pons

A. amygdala

Sarit is at a bar full of music, chatter, and laughter. He gets involved in an interesting conversation with a woman named Mona, and he tunes out all the background noise. Sarit's friend, Karen, taps him on the shoulder and asks what song just played on the jukebox. Sarit says he doesn't know, even though he is sitting right next to the jukebox and is familiar with popular music. This illustrates the role that ________ plays in what is sensed versus what is perceived. A. attention B. friendship C. habit D. mood

A. attention

Which of the following senses is associated with the temporal lobe?A. audition B. pain C. touch D. vision

A. audition

The brain contains ________ of interconnected neurons and glia. A. billions B. tens of thousands C. thousands D. millions

A. billions

_______ disparity refers to the slightly different view of the world that each eye receives. A. binocular B. cyclopean C. monocular D. trichromatic

A. binocular

Akeelah extended her arm in front of her and then extended one of her fingers. She focused on that finger. Next, she closed her left eye without moving her head; then she opened her left eye and closed her right eye without moving her head. She noticed that her finger seemed to shift as she alternated between the two eyes because of the slightly different view each eye had of her finger. What is illustrated by this example? A. binocular disparity B. bottom processing C. monocular disparity D. top-down processing

A. binocular disparity

Psychological researchers study genetics in order to better understand the ________ that contributes to certain behaviors. A. biology B. neurology C. psychology D. physiology

A. biology

Inattentional ________ refers to the failure to notice something that is completely visible due to a lack of attention. A. blindness B. responsiveness C. sublimation D. transduction

A. blindness

What kind of processing is exemplified by the following scenario? Esther's mother offers her a new dish she's been working on―a raisin-jalapeno quiche. Esther's body responds first: Esther eyes the content of the skillet, and smells the mix of raisins, jalapenos, and eggs. Her stomach churns and she looks away. Feeling disgust and disappointment, she says "I'm not hungry." A. bottom-up B. sensory adaptation C. top-down D. vertical-horizontal

A. bottom-up

Which of the following higher level processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex? A. breathing B. emotion C. memory D. reasoning

A. breathing

The visible spectrum refers to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that we ________. A. can see B. can see only in the dark C. can't see D. can't see without sunlight

A. can see

The ________ receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills. A. cerebellum B. sensory cortex C. substantia nigra D. ventral tegmental area

A. cerebellum

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________. A. chromosomes; DNA B. chromosomes; genes C. DNA; genes D. genes; DNA

A. chromosomes; DNA

Read the following two sentences. (1) Gre eng rass gr ow son themoun tain. (2) Green grass grows on the mountain. How does the principle of proximity explain why the second sentence makes sense immediately, but the first sentence does not? A. The first sentence is encoded, and the second sentence is decoded. B. We group letters of a given word together because there are no spaces between the letters, and we perceive words because there are spaces between each word. C. We learn the first sentence subliminally which lets us translate the meaning of the second sentence quicker. D. We read the first sentence as practice and the second sentence as real.

B. We group letters of a given word together because there are no spaces between the letters, and we perceive words because there are spaces between each word.

Ravon was born deaf, so he is diagnosed with ________ deafness. A. conductive B. congenital C. postnatal D. prenatal

B. congenital

When light levels are low, the pupil will become ________, to allow more light to enter the eye. A. contracted B. dilated C. longer D. smaller

B. dilated

________ is a neurotransmitter involved in mood, reward, addiction, and motor behavior. A. acetylcholine B. dopamine C. glutamate D. serotonin

B. dopamine

Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression? A. dopamine; acetylcholine B. dopamine; norepinephrine C. serotonin; GABA D. serotonin; glutamate

B. dopamine; norepinephrine

The myelin sheath consists of a(n) ________. A. axon B. glial cell C. soma D. terminal button

B. glial cell

The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as ________. A. factors B. hormones C. neurotransmitters D. proteins

B. hormones

What is described by the concept of perception? A. how interpretation of sensations is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts B. how sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced C. the change in stimulus detection as a function of current mental state D. what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor

B. how sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced

Clive Wearing could remember which of the following types of memory? A. headlines from the news B. how to play the piano C. new people he meets D. the most recent updates in his children's lives

B. how to play the piano

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting? A. Broca's area B. hypothalamus C. substantia nigra D. thalamus

B. hypothalamus

Which part of the eye holds eye color? A. cornea B. iris C. lens D. retina

B. iris

Which term describes the perception of the body's movement through space? A. dimensionality B. kinesthesia C. neurasthenia D. nociception

B. kinesthesia

At the point of the optic chiasm, information from the right visual field (which comes from both eyes) is sent to the ________ side of the brain, and information from the left visual field is sent to the ________ side of the brain. A. left; left B. left; right C. right; left D. right; right

B. left; right

Within the visible spectrum, our experience of red is associated with ________. A. intermediate wavelengths B. longer wavelengths C. shorter wavelengths D. wavelengths of indeterminate length

B. longer wavelengths

Jennifer has been depressed for several months, and she decided to take an overdose of sleeping pills. After taking the pills, her breathing rate decreased dramatically, her heart slowed down, and her blood pressure decreased. Which brain structure is the drug acting on? A. amygdala B. medulla C. pons D. reticular formation

B. medulla

Tyrahn's rods do not transform light into nerve impulses as easily and efficiently as they should, so he has difficulty seeing in dim light. This is called ________. A. legal blindness B. night blindness C. night impairment D. night vision

B. night blindness

The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract. A. autonomic B. parasympathetic C. somatic D. sympathetic

B. parasympathetic

________ refers to the way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced; ________ refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor. A. perception; reception B. perception; sensation C. preception; postception D. sensation; perception

B. perception; sensation

Which of the following senses is not routed through the thalamus? A. audition B. smell C. taste D. vision

B. smell

The space between two neurons is called the ________. A. soma B. synapse C. terminal button D. vesicle

B. synapse

Several studies have suggested that non-Black participants identify weapons faster and are more likely to identify non-weapons as weapons when the image of the weapon is paired with the image of a Black person. What does this imply about perception? A. Perceptions are influenced by our ethnic background. B. Perceptions in laboratory settings are inaccurate. C. Perceptions of weapons are influenced by our race. D. Perceptions our influenced by implicit prejudice and stereotypes.

D. Perceptions our influenced by implicit prejudice and stereotypes.

Which of the following statements about the vestibular sense is false?A. Kinesthesia interacts with information provided by the vestibular system. B. Proprioception interacts with information provided by the vestibular system. C. The vestibular sense helps us maintain a sense of balance. D. The vestibular sense is divided into olfaction, gustation, and audition.

D. The vestibular sense is divided into olfaction, gustation, and audition.

Rosemary had a stroke about a year ago and now she cannot understand what people are saying to her. This is embarrassing for her, so she responds using vague language and tries to make it appear as though she understands. Which area of Rosemary's brain was likely damaged by the stroke? A. Broca's area B. occipital cortex C. prefrontal cortex D. Wernicke's area

D. Wernicke's area

In a normal-sighted individual, the ________ will focus images perfectly on a small indentation in the back of the eye known as the ________. A. cornea; iris B. fovea; lens C. iris; retina D. lens; fovea

D. lens; fovea

People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________. A. both visual fields B. neither visual field C. only the left visual field D. only the right visual field

D. only the right visual field

What is the X-shaped structure that sits just below the brain's ventral surface and represents the merging of the optic nerves from the two eyes? A. fovea B. iris C. lens D. optic chiasm

D. optic chiasm

The ________ extends through the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain. A. cerebellum B. medulla C. pons D. reticular formation

D. reticular formation

Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows—the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater? A. cones B. fovea C. iris D. rods

D. rods

Catherine is at a crowded baseball game when she loses track of her son, Nick. Despite the loud cheering and noise of the crowd, she can pinpoint his location when he calls for her because she can distinguish the sound of his voice from the all the other voices. This illustrates ________ theory. A. absolute threshold B. just noticeable difference C. sensory adaptation D. signal detection

D. signal detection

Congenital deafness refers to deafness ________. A. as a result of disease B. as a result of old age C. due to deliberate damage D. since birth

D. since birth

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ________. A. brainstem B. internal organs C. peripheral nerves D. spinal cord

D. spinal cord

The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration. A. autonomic B. parasympathetic C. somatic D. sympathetic

D. sympathetic

The auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain? A. frontal B. occipital C. parietal D. temporal

D. temporal

Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts? A. absolute threshold B. signal detection C. subliminal D. top-down

D. top-down

Your ears receive sound waves and convert this energy into neural messages that travel to your brain and are processed as sounds. This is an example of ________. A. just noticeable difference B. subliminal messaging C. top-down processing D. transduction

D. transduction

The ________ gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system. A. adrenal B. pituitary C. testes D. thyroid

b. pituitary