BIOCHEM FINAL REVIEW CH. 17 QUESTIONS

33) The result of a defective enzyme caused by a mutation in the DNA nucleotide sequence is ________. A) a genetic disease B) AIDS C) HIV D) recombinant DNA E) translocation

A) a genetic disease 34) When a mutation occurs by elimination of one base in a DNA sequence, this mutation is called a ________. A) frameshift mutation B) insertion mutation C) substitution mutation D) translocation mutation E) viral mutation A) frameshift mutation

17) Which of the following types of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes? A) mRNA B) histone RNA C) rRNA D) tRNA E) sRNA

A) mRNA

25) The codon is found on ________, and the anticodon is found on ________. A) mRNA, tRNA B) tRNA, mRNA C) rRNA, tRNA D) ribosomes, tRNA E) mRNA, rRNA

A) mRNA, tRNA

1) A ________ consists of a nitrogen-containing base and a sugar. A) nucleoside B) base pair C) nucleotide D) complementary base E) pyrimidine

A) nucleoside

16) In the synthesis of mRNA, an adenine in the DNA pairs with ________. A) uracil B) adenine C) guanine D) thymine E) cytosine

A) uracil

10) The base sequence of the strand of DNA complementary to the segment -T G G C A A C- is: A) -T G G C A A C- B) -A C C G T T G- C) -A C C G U U G- D) -U C C G T T G- E) -A C G C T U G-

B) -A C C G T T G-

18) The base sequence of the DNA template strand is -T G C A A C-. What is the corresponding mRNA? A) -T G C A A C- B) -A C G U U G- C) -A C C U U G- D) -U C G T T G- E) -U C G T T C-

B) -A C G U U G-

The unique sequence of bases in a nucleic acid is called the ________ structure. A) ionic B) primary C) secondary D) tertiary E) quaternary

B) primary

4) Which of the following is found in RNA but not in DNA? A) thymine B) uracil C) guanine D) cytosine E) deoxyribose

B) uracil

36) Small living particles, with 3 to 200 genes, that cannot replicate without a host cell are called ________. A) recombinant DNAs B) viruses C) bacteria D) tumors E) plasmids

B) viruses

20) Which of the following is a section of mRNA produced from the DNA template below? -A T A G C T A- A) -A T A G C T A- B) -A U A G C U A- C) -U A U C G A U- D) -U U U G C U U- E) -T A T C G A T-

C) -U A U C G A U-

31) What tripepetide is coded for by the following mRNA sequence? -UUU AGA CCA- A) Phe-Pro-Arg B) Pro-Arg-Phe C) Phe-Arg-Pro D) Leu-Pro-Arg E) Phe-Thr-Pro

C) Phe-Arg-Pro

23) Codons are base pair sequences that ________. A) signal the start of DNA synthesis B) signal the end of DNA synthesis C) code for amino acids D) signal the start of RNA synthesis E) code for one or more bases in mRNA

C) code for amino acids

11) The bonds that link the base pairs in the DNA double helix are ________. A) ionic bonds B) peptide bonds C) hydrogen bonds D) hydrophobic interactions E) ester bonds

C) hydrogen bonds

2) A ________ consists of a nitrogen-containing base, a sugar, and a phosphate group. A) nucleoside B) base pair C) nucleotide D) complementary base E) purine

C) nucleotide

8) The nucleotides in the backbone of DNA are held together by ________ bonds. A) hydrogen B) peptide C) phosphodiester D) glycosidic E) ionic

C) phosphodiester

38) Protease inhibitors, which are effective anti-HIV drugs, ________. A) are nucleoside analogs B) prevent reverse transcription C) prevent synthesis of viral proteins D) prevent mRNA synthesis E) prevent activation of tRNA

C) prevent synthesis of viral proteins

35) A mutation which occurs when one base in a DNA sequence replaces another, is called a ________. A) frameshift mutation B) insertion mutation C) substitution mutation D) translocation mutation E) viral mutation

C) substitution mutation

24) When mRNA is synthesized using the information from DNA, the process is called ________. A) transportation B) transposition C) transcription D) translation E) transliteration

C) transcription

26) The anticodon is ________. A) identical to the codon on DNA B) complementary to the codon on DNA C) identical to the codon on mRNA D) complementary to the codon on mRNA E) complementary to the codon on tRNA

D) complementary to the codon on mRNA

12) The two new DNA molecules formed in replication ________. A) are different from the original DNA B) both contain only two new daughter DNA strands C) both contain only the parent DNA strands D) contain one parent and one daughter strand E) are identical, with one containing both parent strands, and the other containing both daughter strands

D) contain one parent and one daughter strand

30) Translation is the process whereby ________. A) DNA is synthesized from DNA B) DNA is synthesized from mRNA C) protein is synthesized from DNA D) protein is synthesized from mRNA E) mRNA is synthesized from DNA

D) protein is synthesized from mRNA

13) What is the process in which the DNA double helix unfolds, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new strand? A) transcription B) complementation C) translation D) replication E) restriction

D) replication

37) A virus that contains RNA as its genetic material is a ________. A) genetically engineered virus B) bacteria C) recombinant DNA D) retrovirus E) vaccine

D) retrovirus

The codon UGA codes for ________. A) Phe B) Tyr C) Start D) Met E) Stop

E) Stop

32) Mutations are the result of ________. A) alterations in the phosphate of the DNA backbone B) exposure to water in utero C) physical trauma in the mother's childhood D) alterations in the sugar component of the DNA backbone E) alterations in the DNA base sequence

E) alterations in the DNA base sequence

14) When DNA replicates, a guanine forms a base pair with ________. A) uracil B) adenine C) guanine D) thymine E) cytosine

E) cytosine

Which of the following cannot be found in a nucleotide of RNA? A) purine B) pyrimidine C) phosphate D) ribose E) deoxyribose

E) deoxyribose

7) The interactions that link the nucleotides in a nucleic acid are A) ionic bonds B) peptide bonds C) hydrogen bonds D) hydrophobic bonds E) phosphodiester bonds

E) phosphodiester bonds

19) In transcription, ________. A) the mRNA produced is identical to the parent DNA B) a double helix containing one parent strand and one daughter strand is produced C) uracil pairs with thymine D) both strands of the DNA are copied E) the mRNA produced is complementary to one strand of the DNA

E) the mRNA produced is complementary to one strand of the DNA