Biol 1002 Ch 43 HW

Primary growth has occurred in the region(s) indicated by the letter(s) _____.

A

At a sugar sink, sugar is removed from phloem by _____. - osmosis - root pressure - active transport - diffusion - transpiration

Active transport moves sugar from phloem into a sugar sink.

Secondary growth has occurred in the region(s) indicated by the letter(s) _____.

B and D

_____ is responsible for the movement of sugars from leaves to taproots; _____ is responsible for the movements of sugar from taproots to leaves. - Bulk flow ... bulk flow - Bulk flow ... root pressure - Root pressure ... bulk flow - Bulk flow ... transpiration - Transpiration ... transpiration

Bulk flow ... bulk flow

The water pressure that pushes water and sugar from sugar source to sugar sink is referred to as _____. - translocation - transpiration - bulk flow - solute pressure - root pressure

Bulk flow is the force responsible for the translocation that occurs in phloem.

How does carbon dioxide enter a leaf?

CO2 passes through openings called stomata on the leaf surface.

How does carbon dioxide enter a leaf? - CO2 is moved by active transport into the leaf by special cells called guard cells. - CO2 passes through openings called stomata on the leaf surface. - CO2 diffuses through the epidermal cells into the mesophyll. - CO2 travels dissolved in the water in the xylem. - Atmospheric pressure forces CO2 through pits on the leaf surface.

CO2 passes through openings called stomata on the leaf surface.

The concentration of nutrients in plants is approximately the same as the concentration of nutrients in the surrounding soil. - True - False

False

Water flows upward in some xylem tubes and downward in others. - True - False

False

The correct answer: A

Ground tissue is indicated by the letter _____.

Diffusion doesn't require energy. Why do plants expend energy in active transport to transport minerals into root hairs? - Minerals are strongly attracted to soil particles. - Mineral concentrations in the soil are too high for diffusion. - Minerals are too large for diffusion. - Mineral concentrations in the soil are too low for diffusion.

Mineral concentrations in the soil are too low for diffusion.

_____ transport(s) sugars from leaves to, for example, taproots. - Blood vessels - Tracheids - Vessel elements - Xylem - Phloem

Phloem is responsible for the transport of sugars.

E

Pith is indicated by the letter _____.

The correct answer: A

Primary growth has occurred in the region(s) indicated by the letter(s) _____.

The correct answer: B and D

Secondary growth has occurred in the region(s) indicated by the letter(s) _____.

The correct answer: secondary xylem

The letter A indicates _____.

cortex

The letter A indicates the _____.

The correct answer: epidermis

The letter A indicates_________

The correct answer: D

The region surrounded by guard cells is indicated by the letter _____.

____ provides cells for secondary growth. - Vascular cambium - Secondary phloem - Secondary xylem - Apical meristem - The root

Vascular cambium Vascular cambium is lateral meristem that provides cells for secondary growth.

Water moves into phloem by _____. - osmosis - endocytosis - root pressure - active transport - transpiration

Water moves down its concentration gradient into phloem by osmosis.

D

Xylem is indicated by the letter _____

The guard cells shown in this figure have:

accumulated potassium ions.

In the cohesion-tension theory, "cohesion" refers to the: - use of water in photosynthesis, resulting in a shortage of water in the leaf. - tendency of water molecules to be attracted to minerals in the water. - attraction of water molecules for one another. - evaporation of water from the stomata of the leaf. - process of osmosis that pulls water into the root.

attraction of water molecules for one another.

How is the supply of vascular cambium maintained?

by the division of its cells

How is the supply of vascular cambium maintained? - by the differentiation of apical meristem - by the differentiation of secondary xylem - by the division of its cells - by the differentiation of cork - by the differentiation of secondary phloem

by the division of its cells When a vascular cambium cell divides, one cell differentiates and the other cell remains meristematic.

Vascular cambium forms wood toward the stem's _____ and secondary phloem toward the stem's _____. - surface ... center - center ... center - surface ... surface - top ... bottom - center ... surface

center ... surface Wood, or secondary xylem, is formed toward the stem's center, and secondary phloem is formed toward the stem's surface.

Vascular cambium forms wood toward the stem's _____ and secondary phloem toward the stem's _____.

center...surface

The ________ theory explains the movement of water and minerals through xylem. - bulk-flow theory - assisted diffusion theory - cohesiontension theory - translocation theory - pressure-flow theory

cohesiontension theory

Most of a carrot, a root adapted for carbohydrate storage, is: - endodermis. - phloem. - xylem. - pericycle. - cortex.

cortex

Which of these tissues is between the epidermis and the vascular bundle in a young dicot stem? - phloem - pith - cortex - ground tissue - xylem

cortex

Drag the labels onto the diagram to correctly identify the structures and pathways involved in transporting water through the root.

cytoplasm cell walls waxy barrier xylem root hair

A plant that has only primary growth and no secondary growth does NOT have any: - vascular tissue. - expansion of its root system. - development of thick woody branches. - stem elongation. - flowers.

development of thick woody branches.

When potassium ion is transported into guard cells, water: - enters by osmosis. - is actively transported out of the cells. - moves to the edge of the cell. - leaves by osmosis. - is actively transported into the cells.

enters by osmosis.

Root hairs develop from the: - Casparian strip. - pericycle. - cortex. - endodermis. - epidermis.

epidermis

What is the function of cork?

insulation and waterproofing

What is the function of cork? - regulating the opening and closing of stomata - providing a site for photosynthesis - providing cells for primary growth - providing cells for secondary growth - insulation and waterproofing

insulation and waterproofing Cork insulates and waterproofs roots and stems.

Secondary growth NEVER occurs in _____.

leaves

Secondary growth NEVER occurs in _____. - leaves - stems and leaves - roots - stems - roots and leaves

leaves Secondary growth never occurs in leaves.

What cell type permits the continued growth of a plant throughout its life? - meristem cells - differentiated cells - mesophyll cells - ground tissue cells - secondary cells

meristem cells

You discover a plant that has unusual fruit around the seed and leaves with parallel veins. In which of the two major groups of flowering plants does it belong, and why? - dicots, because it has fruit around the seed - monocots, because it has parallel veins - either monocot or dicot, depending on the presence or absence of flowers - neither monocot nor dicot, because it has fruits

monocots, because it has parallel veins

All of the following are part of a plant's shoot system EXCEPT: - mycorrhizae. - flowers. - stem. - buds. - leaves.

mycorrhizae

Bacteria-containing nodules in the roots of legume plants aid in the utilization of: - trace elements. - carbon dioxide. - nitrogen. - water. - phosphates.

nitrogen

Which of the following characteristics helps differentiate between a monocot and a dicot? - presence or absence of pollen grains - number of flower parts - whether the plant gains length from an apical or a lateral meristem - presence of vascular tissue - seeds covered by a fruit

number of flower parts

Increases in plant length (such as overall height or branch and root length) result from cell division that occurs: - only from lateral meristems (cambia). - only in apical meristems at shoot and root tips. - equally throughout the plant body. - from cell division of differentiated cells.

only in apical meristems at shoot and root tips.

In leaves, chloroplasts are found in _____.

palisade mesophyll

In leaves, chloroplasts are found in _____. - xylem - palisade mesophyll - phloem - cuticle

palisade mesophyll Both the palisade and spongy mesophyll contain chloroplasts.

Under the influence of hormones, branch roots emerge from the ________ of a growing root. - central cylinder - endodermis - epidermis - Casparian strip - pericycle

pericycle

In a dicot stem, the ________ is between the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. - vascular cambium - phloem - vascular cylinder - cork - xylem

phloem

Which of these processes is responsible for leaves being considered sugar sources? - catabolism - Krebs cycle - photosynthesis - citric acid cycle - glycolysis

photosynthesis Leaves produce sugar via photosynthesis.

What cellular feature allows a mineral such as manganese to diffuse from cell to cell after being taken up by roots? - microfilaments - secondary cell walls - sieve plates - plasmodesmata - microtubules

plasmodesmata

Drag the labels onto the flowchart in the correct order, starting from where water enters a plant to where it exits.

root xylem film air leaf pores

On the tip of the root, the apical meristem forms the ________, which prevents the meristem from being worn away as it pushes through the soil. - cortex - root cap - epidermis - endodermis - pericycle

root cap

The letter A indicates _____.

secondary xylem

Which of the following makes up most of an old tree trunk? - secondary xylem - primary phloem - meristem tissue - primary xylem - secondary phloem

secondary xylem

Sugar moves from leaves into the _____ of _____ by _____. - sieve-tube members ... xylem ... active transport - tracheids ... phloem ... diffusion - tracheids ... phloem ... active transport - sieve-tube members ... phloem ... active transport - sieve-tube members ... phloem ... diffusion

sieve-tube members ... phloem ... active transport

Tree roots are a ________ of sugars in spring and a ________ in the fall. - source; source - sink; sink - sink; source - source; sink

source; sink

In a sugar sink, such as a taproot, sugar is converted into _____. - glycogen - cellulose - fatty acids - starch - proteins

starch

The location of the pericyle is best described as: - the outermost layer of the vascular cylinder. - just beneath the epidermis. - adjacent to the apical meristem. - lining the cells of the endodermis. - between layers of primary xylem and primary phloem.

the outermost layer of the vascular cylinder.

You found the following plants growing on campus during a field trip: a small plant with a notable absence of root hairs; a short, stubby plant with an enlarged taproot; a tall annual herb with fungal strands extending from its roots; a low-growing plant with nodules on the roots; and a woody shrub with an extensive fibrous root system. Based on this scenario, which plant is most likely a legume with nitrogen-fixing bacteria? - the woody shrub with the fibrous root system - the plant with the root nodules - the plant with no root hairs - the plant with the enlarged taproot - the annual herb with the fungal-root association

the plant with the root nodules

_____ provides cells for secondary growth.

vascular cambium