BIOL 1020 Chapter 21 Adaptive Quiz
From the data presented, what is the total market value of honey bee pollination of raspberries, avocados, and apples added together?
$2.5 billion
How many acres of crops are pollinated by honey bees in Wisconsin?
20,001−80,000 acres
Various pollinators use resource partitioning so that they can share the same wildflower meadow. Which partitioning is false for the species sharing the meadow?
Africanized honey bees sip from flowers with pale or white petals.
Is a honey bee a consumer or a producer?
Consumer; the bee uses flower pollen and nectar for food.
If a homeowner wanted to attract a variety of living organisms to his or her backyard, what strategies should be avoided?
Cultivate large areas of monocrops.
Where was the Western honey bees' original community?
Europe
In 2008, Häagen-Dazs started its "Help the Honey Bee" campaign. In addition, Burt's Bees created a series of bee-related public service announcements, which were viewable on YouTube. Which statement is NOT one of the motivating reasons that the fate of honey bees is important to humans?
Honeybees use their stingers to aggressively compete against humans' use of the same niche.
What is the difference between commensalism and parasitism?
In commensalism, one species benefits while the other is unharmed, but one is harmed while the other benefits from the relationship in parasitism.
What is the difference between mutualism and parasitism?
In parasitism, one species benefits while the other is harmed, but both species benefit from the relationship in mutualism.
If someone wants to increase the diversity of his or her backyard wild animal community, what should this person do?
Increase the number and types of autotrophs.
What strategy does the killer bee use to compete with other bees?
It defends its food resources.
What is an introduced species?
It is not native to a particular environment, but it exists in that habitat as a result of human activity.
What is a generalist?
It is successful in a variety of environments, often because of a varied diet.
What is a specialist?
It requires a specific resource or habitat to be successful.
A mad scientist has a "beef" with vegetarians and wants to destroy them. The scientist comes up with a way to block all photosynthesis on the planet. Will this strategy work, or will it backfire?
It will backfire because no food will be available for any type of consumer.
What should be avoided in order to save the bee population?
Maintain current beekeeping and agricultural practices.
Which state pairing includes one with particularly high honey bee colony losses and one with particularly low colony losses?
Nevada; New York
Do cone-bearing conifers, such as pine and redwood trees, depend on pollinators?
No, they spread their pollen by the wind.
When sea otters were hunted nearly to extinction in California coastal communities, sea urchin populations increased, kelp beds decreased in size, and fish reproduced at far lower levels. What does this reflect?
Otters must have ordinarily eaten sea urchins.
What is the difference between a producer and a consumer?
Producers make food from the sun's energy; consumers eat other organisms.
According to the competitive exclusion principle, which statement is true?
Species with identical niches cannot coexist; if two species have identical niches, one will be driven to extinction.
In the clownfish & anemone mutualism, what does each organism "get" from the symbiosis?
The clownfish is protected from predators, and the anemone feeds on other fish attracted by the clownfish.
Which characterization BEST describes a symbiotic relationship?
The organisms live in close association.
A person's 30-gallon home fish tank contains some live plants, some snails, and two similar-size goldfish. If this fish tank were its own self-sustaining ecosystem, which organism is the predator and which organism is the prey?
The plants are the prey and the goldfish are the predators.
If moths and bees both feed on flower nectar, how can moths and bees coexist in the same area?
Their niches are not identical because they collect nectar from different types of flowers.
If two species appear to have identical niches, yet they are stably coexisting for an extended period of time, what can be concluded about their niches?
Their niches are not really identical, and they are somehow resource partitioning.
In relation to a food chain, what do plants and photosynthetic algae have in common?
They are both producers.
Why are honey bees excellent at adapting to new communities?
They are generalists when it comes to flower choice.
How do blueberry bees pollinate blueberry flowers?
They beat their wings to shake the pollen loose.
Which statement is false regarding invasive species?
They immigrate into their new habitat on their own accord.
What do the neonicotinoid pesticides do to bees, potentially causing bee colony collapse?
They impair the honey bees' ability to find and return to their hives.
If bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds all rely on nectar, how can they coexist in a meadow of wildflowers?
They prefer flowers of different size, color, and shape.
What type of competition do blueberry bees rely on for success in their niche?
They use resource partitioning because they have specialized adaptations to get food from a particular flower, leaving all other flowers for the other bees.
If humans started to eat more fruits, vegetables, and grains, what might happen to populations of other top predators?
They would decrease in size, because there would be fewer producers available for other herbivores, then there will be fewer consumers available for the other top predators to eat.
The BEST definition of a community is:
a group of interacting populations of different species living in the same area.
What appears to be the cause of colony collapse disorder (CCD)?
a variety of factors
Which species are impacted by bee colony collapse?
all species
Which industry is 100% dependent on honey bee pollinators?
almonds
Which animal would be considered a primary consumer?
bee
Which symbiotic relationship is an example of commensalism?
bees and trees
Which pollinator is incorrectly matched with its community member?
bees; red rose
Which sequence demonstrates the correct energy transfer through the trophic layers of a food chain from producer to top consumer?
blueberries, bee, toad, snake, hawk
Bees are important pollinators because they:
carry pollen between plants on their bodies.
In the Amazon rain forest, tree frogs live among all the plants to stay dry and protected while they search for insects to eat. What type of relationship does the tree frog have with plants?
commensalism
In the desert, cactus seedlings only grow underneath trees or shrubs. The trees and shrubs provide shade, leaf litter for fertilization and moisture retention, and some protection from predators. What type of relationship do the cactus seedlings have with the trees and shrubs?
commensalism
The remora is a type of suckerfish found in tropical oceans that attaches to sharks to catch an underwater ride. The suckerfish does not harm the shark, but is able to find food and protection from predators while it is attached to the shark.
commensalism
Which type of relationship occurs when only one organism benefits, but the other is unaffected?
commensalism
What happens when two species have very similar niches?
competition
Which relationship does NOT represent mutualism?
egrets and water buffaloes
Monocultures have a negative impact on the pollinator community. What are they?
fields containing only one species of plant
A student has drawn a picture that is essentially a collection of several different food chains. In this drawing, the student has depicted interactions between organisms belonging to different food chains, and has pinpointed where bears and raccoons fit in this picture. The student has just drawn a:
food web
Which animal would be considered a secondary consumer?
fox
Which component(s) is(are) part of the honey bee niche?
geographic region, environmental temperature, food source, living space
What is the MOST problematic species that tries to competitively exclude honey bees?
humans
Which term describes a non-native species that does harm in its new environment?
invasive species
Which term describes a species that plays an excessive role in supporting other species in the community?
keystone species
Which species is NOT a specialist using resource partitioning?
killer bee
How would the relationship between the bacteria that live symbiotically within humans and their human hosts be characterized?
mutualism
Mycorrhizae are fungi that associate with the roots of plants. The fungus receives sugars from the plant. The fungus greatly increases the amount of water available to the plant. This is an example of:
mutualism
The African honeyguide is a bird that leads the honey badger to bee nests filled with honey. Once the badger breaks the nest open and eats his fill, the honeyguide gets to eat. Unless the badger breaks open the nest, the bird cannot access the honey. What type of relationship exists between the honeyguide and the honey badger?
mutualism
Oxpeckers land on rhinoceros to eat the ticks that live on their skin. What type of relationships exist between the rhinoceros and the oxpeckers, the oxpeckers and the ticks, and the ticks and the rhinoceros?
mutualism, predation, and parasitism
Lichens are the result of a symbiosis between fungi and a photosynthetic algae or bacterium. The fungus provides shelter for the photosynthetic partner, and the products of photosynthesis provide food for the fungus. What kind of symbiotic interaction is this?
mutualism―both the fungus and the algae/bacterium benefit
A vegetable garden grew healthy plants that produced plentiful flowers, yet very little fruit was harvested from it. What could be the problem?
not enough pollinators
Due to its community, which plant is MOST efficient in its pollen production?
orange trees
Mistletoe grows on other plants, tapping into the nutrients of the host plant. Mistletoe can kill its host plant. The relationship between mistletoe and its host plant is BEST described as:
parasitism
What type of relationship does the varroa mite have with the bee population?
parasitism
What type of relationship exists between the tapeworm and its human host?
parasitism
What type of feeding relationship exists in the parasitic relationship between the tapeworm and its human host?
predatory
Which organisms should be MOST abundant in a community? (Consider the size of the trophic levels.)
producers
Which animal is NOT a plant pollinator?
red-tail hawk
What type of pollinator is the sphinx moth?
specialist
A keystone species is BEST defined as one that is the:
species with the greatest role in holding the community together
Removing the mussels or the barnacles from a large tidal pool doesn't substantially change the community, but removing the starfish dramatically changes the mix of species in the area. Which is the keystone species?
starfish
How do bees hold the pollen on their bodies?
static cling
Humans all have Escherichia coli bacteria living in their intestinal tracts. Occasionally these E. coli can cause urinary tract infections. How would the relationship between humans and their intestinal E. coli?
symbiosis
A keystone species is:
the most important species in a community.
Which term reflects an organism's position in its food chain?
trophic level
Competition is MOST likely to occur when:
two species occupy overlapping niches.
Which situation may NOT be contributing to colony collapse disorder (CCD)?
wildflower gardens
What is the BEST niche for pollinators?
wildflowers and diverse plants