BIOL 1030 - Chapter 12 MasteringBiology

In the CRISPR-Cas9 system, the Cas9 protein __________. A) aids viral replication B) cuts double-stranded DNA C) radioactively labels specific DNA sequences D) inserts genes into a plasmid

B) cuts double-stranded DNA

The unpaired nucleotides produced by the action of restriction enzymes are referred to as _____. A) sticky ends B) base sequences C) single strands D) restriction fragments E) ligases

A)

In which of the following ways are sticky ends and nucleic acid probes alike? A) They both undergo complementary base pairing. B) They are both used to locate specific DNA sequences. C) They are both parts of RNA molecules. D) They are both used as gene vectors in genetic engineering.

A) They both undergo complementary base pairing.

In a PCR reaction, the strands of DNA are first separated by ___. A) heating B) treatment with a strong base C) adding alcohol D) treatment with an acid

A) heating

To identify an individual involved in a crime, criminologists analyze DNA from a suspect's blood and compare the __________ to samples found at the crime scene. A) short tandem repeat DNA profile B) DNA molecules produced by the polymerase chain reaction C) recombinant molecules D) DNA probes

A) short tandem repeat DNA profile

Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between modern humans (Homo sapiens) and Neanderthals? A) Chimpanzees are more closely related to Neanderthals than they are to modern humans. B) Neanderthals productively interbred with Homo sapiens populations that had left Africa. C) Neanderthals are direct ancestors of humans. D) Neanderthals belong to the same species as modern humans.

B) Neanderthals productively interbred with Homo sapiens populations that had left Africa.

To date, the "easy" part of gene therapy has been _____. A) repairing genes without removing the cells from the patient B) isolating and cloning the normal gene C) getting the engineered cells to reproduce within the patient's body D) preventing further mutations from occurring during the course of the therapy

B) isolating and cloning the normal gene

DNA moves through a gel toward the positive electrode when an electric charge is applied. What property of DNA allows this movement or migration to occur? A) Large DNA fragments run slowly. B) DNA is separated on the basis of size. C) DNA has a negative charge. D) Small DNA fragments run faster.

C) DNA has a negative charge.

When is PCR particularly applicable? A) When the accuracy is important, but speed is not B) When there are large quantities of DNA to analyze C) When there are small quantities of DNA to analyze D) When speed is important but accuracy is not

C) When there are small quantities of DNA to analyze

Sequencing the human genome required a number of steps. Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages for the whole genome shotgun method? A) DNA sequencing, cleavage of DNA into smaller fragments, reassembly of the complete sequence B) cleavage of DNA into smaller fragments, reassembly of the complete sequence, DNA sequencing C) cleavage of DNA into smaller fragments, DNA sequencing, reassembly of complete sequence D) linkage mapping, physical mapping, DNA sequencing Submit

C) cleavage of DNA into smaller fragments, DNA sequencing, reassembly of complete sequence

The science of proteomics __________. A) studies how alternative RNA splicing produces different polypeptides B) compares the telomeres of different organisms C) studies when and where proteins are produced in an organism and how the proteins interact D) compares the coding regions of DNA in different organisms

C) studies when and where proteins are produced in an organism and how the proteins interact

If a biochemist were searching for the nucleic acid sequence CTAGTTATG, what sequence would the biochemist use to make a nucleic acid probe? A) CTUGTTUTG B) GAUCAAUAC C) CTAGTTATG D) GATCAATAC

D) GATCAATAC

Which of the following describes gene cloning? A) Gene cloning occurs when a phage transfers bacterial DNA from one bacterium to another. B) Gene cloning occurs when cDNA is produced from an mRNA template. C) Gene cloning occurs when a bacterium binds and takes up DNA from the surrounding fluid. D) Gene cloning occurs when a bacterium carrying a recombinant plasmid reproduces, thus allowing for the production of multiple copies of the recombinant plasmid

D) Gene cloning occurs when a bacterium carrying a recombinant plasmid reproduces, thus allowing for the production of multiple copies of the recombinant plasmid

How was the hepatitis B vaccine produced? A) Scientists injected animals with the hepatitis B virus and then harvested their antibodies. B) A harmless variant, a natural mutant, was used to stimulate an immune response. C) Animals, particularly mammals such as goats, were genetically engineered to produce hepatitis B proteins. D) Microorganisms were genetically engineered to produce hepatitis B proteins.

D) Microorganisms were genetically engineered to produce hepatitis B proteins.

Which of the following accurately describes "next generation sequencing" technology? A) A very long DNA molecule is threaded through a small pore where an electrical current interacts differently with each of the four different types of nucleotides. B) A gene of interest is inserted into a plasmid vector. C) Repetitive DNA is amplified through PCR and the resulting fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis. D) Numerous short DNA fragments are rapidly and simultaneously sequenced.

D) Numerous short DNA fragments are rapidly and simultaneously sequenced.

Which of the following would be considered a transgenic organism? A) a fern grown in cell culture from a single fern root cell B) a human given a corrected human blood-clotting gene C) a bacterium that has received genes via conjugation D) a rat with rabbit hemoglobin genes

D) a rat with rabbit hemoglobin genes

The production of genetically identical animals that are carrying recombinant human genes for pharmaceutical purposes, for example using goats to produce antithrombin, is called a __________. A) transformation B) recombination C) transplant D) pharm

D) pharm

Bacteria lack RNA-splicing machinery, which means they are unable to splice out introns from eukaryotic genes. To engineer a bacterium to produce a eukaryotic protein, it is necessary to synthesize a gene without introns. If you know the nucleotide sequence, you can _____. A) use a restriction enzyme to remove introns from the gene B) use a phage to insert the desired gene into a bacterium C) alter the bacteria used so that they can splice RNA D) work backward from mRNA to make a version of the gene without introns

D) work backward from mRNA to make a version of the gene without introns