BIOL-1308 Chapter 11

In the presence of a regulatory protein the lac operon is BLANK.

Not transcribed (the regulatory protein of the lac operon is a repressor)

In an operon, the BLANK acts as an on/off switch.

Operator

In bacteria, what name is given to a cluster of genes with related functions, along with their DNA control sequences?

Operon

Can you sequence the components of a cell-signaling pathway? In order in which they engaged, starting with the signaling cell, ending with transcription in the target cell.

1. Signal Molecule 2. Receptor Protein 3. Relay Proteins 4. Transcription Factors

Select all of the correct statements about transcription factors. 1. Transcription factors can switch genes off 2. Transcription factors contain codes for proteins 3. Transcription factors are activated in the nucleus 4. Transcription factors can switch genes on

1. Transcription factors can switch genes off AND 4. Transcription factors can switch genes on

Which of these is NOT a component of the lac operon? 1. lactose-utilization genes only 2. promoter only 3. regulatory gene only 4. operator only 5. promoter and operator

3. regulatory gene only

BLANK bind(s) to DNA enhancer regions.

Activators (are a type of transcription factor that bind to enhancer genes)

A protein kinase activating many other protein kinases is an example of BLANK.

Amplification (by activating many other molecules the initial signal is amplified)

What role does a transcription factor play in a signal transduction pathway?

By binding to DNA it triggers the transcription of a specific gene. (this is the function of a transcription factor)

What is the first level of control of eukaryotic gene transcription?

DNA packing and unpacking

Calcium ions that act as second messengers are stored in BLANK.

Endoplasmic reticula (the ER stores calcium ions)

The process by which genotype becomes expressed as phenotype is BLANK.

Gene expression

The operon model of the regulation of gene expression in bacteria was proposed by BLANK.

Jacob and Monod (in 1961 Jacob & Monod proposed the operon model of gene regulation)

Bacterial RNA polymerase binds to the BLANK.

Promoter

Enzyme complexes that break down protein are called BLANK

Proteasomes

Protein-phosphorylating enzymes' role in the regulation of gene expression involves BLANK.

Protein activation (proteins are often activated by phosphorylation)

Repressors act by blocking the binding of BLANK to the promoter.

RNA polymerase

What is the function of a spliceosome?

RNA processing

The nuclear membrane's role in the regulation of gene expression involves BLANK.

Regulating the transport on mRNA to the cytoplasm (this is the role of the nuclear membrane in the regulation of gene expression)

A signal transduction pathway is initiated when a BLANK binds to a receptor.

Signal molecule (the binding of a signal molecule to a receptor initiates a signal transduction pathway)

Regulatory proteins bind to BLANK.

The operator (transcription is inhibited when a regulatory protein binds to lac operon operator)

Which of these acts as a second messenger? 1. G protein 2. protein kinase 3. adenylyl kinase 4. cyclic AMP 5. G-protein-linked receptor

cyclic AMP