(BIOL 132) Unit 1 Practice Quizzes

Due to a respiratory bacterial infection, Amanda had to take a large spectrum antibiotic for a period of 7 days. At the end of the regimen, her respiratory problem was gone; however, she informed her doctor that she now has diarrhea and other digestive problems. What do you think the doctor will recommend to Amanda to relieve her diarrhea and digestive problems?

Take probiotics to restore the population of beneficial bacteria she lost due to the antibiotic she was taking

Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent all MyPlate food groups? - Sandwich made with Swiss cheese, cooked ham, mayonnaise, and two slices of buttered whole-wheat bread - Ready-to-eat cereal with strawberries, blueberries, wheat germ, and fat-free milk - Smoothie made with vanilla yogurt, fat-free milk, orange juice, wheat germ, and fresh peaches - Salad made with hard-cooked eggs, grapes, leaf lettuce, cooked pasta, and cheddar cheese

Salad made with hard-cooked eggs, grapes, leaf lettuce, cooked pasta, and cheddar cheese

Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn, his physician recommended that he

avoid overeating during meals.

Raffinose is an example of a/an

oligosaccharide

According to MyPlate, Erika should consume 3 cups of milk daily. She prefers eating plain yogurt to drinking milk. How much plain yogurt can she eat to meet her plan's recommendation for milk and milk products?

3 cups

Per serving, which of the following foods is the most energy-dense? - 8 ounces fat-free milk - ½ cup fresh strawberries - 3 ounces baked chicken - 4-ounce chocolate doughnut

4-ounce chocolate doughnut

Reading food labels helps consumers ________. - choose foods with dietary fiber - identify amounts of salt or sodium in the product - determine amount and kind of fat in the product - determine the sugar content of the product - All of these responses are correct

All of these responses are correct

Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase. As a result of his condition, his body

cannot begin starch digestion.

When vitamins and/or minerals are added to a food product in amounts in excess of at least 10% above that originally present in the product, the food is designated as ________.

fortified

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

galactose, glucose, and fructose.

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as

glycogen.

Libby was born without salivary glands. As a result of this condition, she

has trouble tasting food.

Julian ate a baked potato as a side with his dinner. The starch in the baked potato will begin to be digested

in the mouth.

The ________ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.

large intestine

A group of registered dietitian nutritionists is planning to conduct a scientific study to investigate the effects of eating honey on behavior in school-aged children. To start, the researchers will

make observations

Food guides usually classify sunflower and other seeds in the ________ group.

protein

An online magazine article about weight-loss diets includes false information about the process of digestion that uses scientific-sounding terms to make it seem factual. The faulty information is an example of

pseudoscience

Which of the following microbes is associated with the development of most stomach ulcers? - botulinum - pylori - coli - aureus

pylori

High-fiber diets are associated with all of the following EXCEPT - reduced absorption of some minerals. - reduced risk of diabetes. - reduced risk of heart disease. - reduced risk of stroke.

reduced absorption of some minerals.

To reduce her intake of added sugar, Isabelle should

replace regular soft drinks with plain water.

A group of nutrition researchers interviews 100 adults who have chronic high blood pressure to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in calcium during adolescence and developing high blood pressure in adulthood. This study is an example of a ________ study.

retrospective

An important function of carbohydrates is to ________.

supply energy

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract? - Peptic ulcer - Ulcerative colitis - Cystic fibrosis - Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Ulcerative colitis

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals? - Tuna - Blueberries - Margarine - Chicken

Blueberries

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense per serving? - Refined grains - Grape drink - Leafy greens - French fries

Leafy greens

Justin's blood cholesterol levels are too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add? - White rice - Liver - Legumes (e.g. black beans) - Milk

Legumes (e.g. black beans)

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate? - Lactose - High-fructose corn syrup - Glucose - Soluble fiber

Soluble fiber

To establish a nutrient's RDA, nutrition scientists add ________ of the nutrient to its EAR.

a "margin of safety" amount

A primary function of the digestive system is the

breakdown of food into nutrients

If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be

converted into fat and stored.

Goblet cells produce

mucus

The sweetener found in Sweet'N Low is

saccharin

A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 100 mL water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies

117 kcals

A teaspoon of sugar supplies about 16 kcals, which is the same as ________ calories.

16,000

Derek wants to eat enough salad greens in one meal to equal 1 cup of vegetables. How much of the greens should he eat?

2 cups

How many ounce(s) from the grains group is required each day.

3-8

MyPlate groups foods into ________ major categories.

5

Which of the following is NOT a biological or physiological factor that influences a person's food choices?

Emotional stress level

Which of the following does NOT affect nutrient needs? - Age - Ethnicity - Sex - Health status

Ethnicity

The ________ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications.

FDA

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate? - Starch - Carbon dioxide - High-fructose corn syrup - Glucose

Starch

What type of claim is "calcium builds strong bones and teeth"?

Structure/function claim

Which of the following sweeteners provides 4 kcal/g? - Sucrose - Stevia - Saccharin - Sucralose

Sucrose

Which of the following vitamins is not produced by the microflora in the large intestine? - Vitamin C - Vitamin B-12 - Thiamin - Vitamin K

Vitamin C

Dylan takes garlic pills to lower his blood cholesterol level, and he recommends the pills to his friends, because he thinks the supplement is helpful. Dylan's nutrition-related advice to his friends is an example of a(an) ________.

anecdote

Having a control group enables researchers to

compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information? - stanford.edu - dietsnomore4u.com - eatright.org - choosemyplate.gov

dietsnomore4u.com

Scientists conduct a study in which 100 adults with chronic diarrhea are divided into 2 groups with 50 people per group. One group is given a supply of yogurt that contains a certain kind of bacteria, and the other group is given yogurt that is bacteria-free. The study's participants and researchers do not know which group of subjects has the bacteria in the yogurt and which group does not. The scientists instruct the participants to eat the entire 8 ounces of yogurt once a day for a month and record their bowel habits. This is an example of a(n) ________ study.

double-blind

An essential nutrient - provides energy (kcals) to the diet. - is found only in fortified foods. - is found only in foods from animal sources. - must be supplied by the diet.

must be supplied by the diet.

The science of food; the nutrients and substances therein; and their action, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease is a definition of ________.

nutrition

Phytochemicals are ________.

plant substances that provide health benefits

Which of the following observations is an example of a negative or inverse correlation? - When pregnant women gain more weight than average, they are more likely to give birth to babies who are heavier than average. - As children increase their physical activity level, they develop greater muscle mass than children who are less active. - When children eat three or more servings of fruits and vegetables a day, their blood levels of vitamin C increase. - When members of a population increase their consumption of milk and milk products, their risk for bone fractures decreases.

When members of a population increase their consumption of milk and milk products, their risk for bone fractures decreases.

The host of a radio program makes a "red flag" claim about a nutrition-related product, because the claim is generally an indication that the information about the product is unreliable. The radio program host said,

"All ingredients in this product have been scientifically tested and clinically proven to cure cancer."

Max wants to increase his intake of vitamin C without taking a dietary supplement. When he shops for food, he reads Nutrition Facts labels. Which of the following kinds of information will help him choose foods that are the richest sources of vitamin C?

%DV's

Which of the following statements is true? - A scientist's professional affiliations and sources of financial support may influence his or her research findings. - Since 1995, nutrition information has undergone few updates, because scientists have discovered all of the nutrients and determined their functions. - The results of one study are usually enough to convince the majority of nutrition scientists to adopt new ideas about nutrition-related topics. - Dietary recommendations are generally based on the findings of one well-respected team of nutrition researchers.

A scientist's professional affiliations and sources of financial support may influence his or her research findings.

Nolan would like to add more dietary fiber to his diet. Which of the following do you recommend? - All of the choices are correct. - Use whole-wheat pasta. - Snack on fresh fruit. - Select a bran cereal for breakfast. - Add wheat germ to pancake batter when making pancakes.

All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion in the GI tract? - Pancreatic lipase breaking down fat in the small intestine - Gastrin stimulating HCl production in the stomach - Chewing food up into smaller pieces in the mouth - Salivary amylase breaking down starch in the mouth

Chewing food up into smaller pieces in the mouth

Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use when investigating whether cigarette smoking influences weight gain? - Conventional - Double-blind - Single-blind - Cohort

Cohort

Which of the following statements is true? - Scientists classify forms of fiber according to their solubility in oil. - Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber. - Dietary fiber includes the stringy material found in tough, overcooked meat. - Most forms of fiber are comprised of fructose molecules bonded together.

Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.

Which of the following statements is true? - Headaches are a common sign of a mineral deficiency disease. - Nutrient-deficiency diseases develop when diets lack essential nutrients. - Skin rashes are always a symptom of vitamin deficiency diseases. - Most phytochemicals are classified as essential nutrients.

Nutrient-deficiency diseases develop when diets lack essential nutrients.

Which of the following is NOT a common marketing tactic to encourage consumers to purchase manufactured foods? - Nutrition information posted next to fresh fruits and vegetables - Product placement at the end of supermarket aisles - In-store product sampling demonstrations - Attractive packaging

Nutrition information posted next to fresh fruits and vegetables

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion? - Pancreas - Pituitary - Liver - Gallbladder

Pancreas

Energy-yielding nutrients include ________. - trace minerals and fat-soluble vitamins - carbohydrates, proteins, and fats - vitamins, minerals, and water - iron, vitamin C, and potassium

carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

Scientists study 200 adults who have type 2 diabetes, and 200 adults who have similar characteristics but do not have the disease. For 18 months, the researchers collect lifestyle information on all the study participants. According to the study's findings, the adults with type 2 diabetes were 25% less physically active than their counterparts who did not have type 2 diabetes. This is an example of a(n) ________ study.

case-control

A refined grain product that has iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid added to replace amounts lost during processing has been

enriched.

The ________ is a flap-like piece of tissue responsible for keeping a swallowed piece of food from entering the trachea.

epiglottis

Most Americans purchase less than recommended amounts of

fruits

Katie is pregnant. She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level. Based on this information, Katie is more likely to

give birth to a baby that has birth defects.

Max wants to restrict the added sugar intake of his 5-year-old son. He should

give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks.

Segmentation

helps mix chyme in the small intestine

The ________ is important for transporting absorbed nutrients from the GI tract to the liver.

hepatic portal vein

Parietal cells secrete ions that form ________ in the stomach.

hydrochloric acid

The ________ is the second segment of the small intestine.

jejunum

The ________ cells of the gastric glands are important to protect the lining of the stomach from damage.

mucous

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs) are ________.

the maximum daily intake level not likely to cause harmful effects

Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use to identify lifestyle factors that may be related to the development of liver cancer in an adult population?

Retrospective study

Which of the following is NOT a major nutrition-related objective of Healthy People 2020? - Provide fitness trails to increase physical activity of children and adults. - Increase the contribution of fruits to the diets of the population aged 2 years and older. - Increase the contribution of whole grains to the diets of the population aged 2 years and older. - Reduce the proportion of adults who are obese.

Provide fitness trails to increase physical activity of children and adults.

Which of the following statements is true? - The traditional Asian diet contains high amounts of milk and milk products. - According to Mormon dietary laws, pork and pork by-products are forbidden as food. - The traditional Mediterranean diet supplies more olive oil and fish than the traditional American diet. - Jewish dietary laws forbid the use of alcohol.

The traditional Mediterranean diet supplies more olive oil and fish than the traditional American diet.

Which of the following factors has a major influence over a person's food choices? - Birth order - Close friends - Blood type - Vitamin A status

Close friends

A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula diet for adults who are healthy but need to avoid solid food for awhile. Based on this information, she is likely to refer to ________ when developing the new formula.

DRIs

Bill has reactive hypoglycemia. What steps can he take to reduce the likelihood that he has bouts of the disorder?

Reduce his intake of refined sugars

Which of the following statements is false? - The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed. - Websites with .edu in their addresses often provide reliable nutrition information. - When evaluating claims for dietary supplements that appear at a website, be wary of products that include promises for quick remedies. - In general, personal websites, such as blogs, are not reliable sources of nutrition information.

The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed.

A medical researcher reads an article in Today's Health-Conscious Woman magazine about the benefits of using the phytochemical capsaicin to treat knee pain. She asks 10 people with arthritic knees to rub a cream that contains the phytochemical on their knee joints for 2 weeks. At the end of the 2 weeks, the researcher asks the subjects whether their knee pain improved, stayed about the same, or worsened during the treatment period. After collecting responses from the people, the researcher reports the results of her study during a popular TV show that is hosted by a doctor. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true?

The researcher did not divide the subjects of her study into control and treatment groups.

According to MyPlate, two to six ounces of is the serving size for this food group.

protein