BIOL-1322-I01-XLST test 3
1. Because alcohol supplies four kilocalories per gram, it is considered a nutrient.
F
10. It is all right for pregnant women to have beer, but not to consume hard liquor such as scotch or vodka.
F
10. Of the two forms of iron found in foods, nonheme iron is more reliably absorbed than is heme iron.
F
12. Most caffeine in the United States is consumed in carbonated soft drinks.
F
13. All forms of table salt sold are iodized.
F
14. Native Americans have lower rates of liver damage due to alcohol consumption than other ethnic groups.
F
15. Bottled water is pure and free from contaminants.
F
16. Milk chocolate is thought to positively influence cardiovascular health more than dark chocolate.
F
17. Apple juice, consumed daily, may protect against urinary tract infections.
F
19. Changes in metabolism only occur in those who consume excessive alcohol.
F
2. Bottled water typically contains adequate amounts of fluoride to prevent cavities.
F
21. Potassium deficiency is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in the world.
F
23. Since zinc is stored in the liver, it can be replenished by consuming good sources only occasionally.
F
25. Vitamin K and B6 play key roles in the formation of healthy red blood cells.
F
26. A deficiency in Vitamin B12 is due to inadequate intake of the vitamin.
F
26. The trace minerals are needed in minute amounts in the body, so deficiencies rarely ever occur.
F
27. Excessive sun exposure can cause vitamin D toxicity.
F
28. Engaging in weight-bearing exercises can increase the risk for osteoporosis.
F
29. A diet low in fat-soluble vitamins will result in a more rapid onset of deficiency symptoms than one low in water-soluble vitamins.
F
29. The chief mineral in bones and teeth is phosphorus.
F
3. Physiologically, alcohol is a stimulant.
F
4. Consuming foods high in vitamin C reduces the amount of iron that the body absorbs.
F
5. All public water in the United States is fluoridated.
F
6. Iron deficiencies are more common in men than women.
F
6. The nutritional composition of milk is very similar across mammal species.
F
7. Pink and white grapefruit juice contain equal amounts and types of phytochemicals.
F
9. Choose a calcium supplement derived from dolomite, oyster shell, or bone meal when selecting a calcium supplement.
F
9. Energy drinks, such as Red Bull, are not permitted to contain herbs.
F
14. Water-soluble vitamins are more stable during preparation and cooking than fat-soluble vitamins.
False
15. When purchasing a vitamin and mineral supplement, look for one that contains at least 150 percent of the Daily Value for each nutrient.
False
16. Risk factors for colon cancer include a high fiber intake and low red meat intake.
False
19. Vitamin supplements can help reduce stress, decrease fatigue, and increase energy.
False
2. High intakes of B6, B12, and folate are associated with higher levels of homocysteine and a lower risk of blood clot formation.
False
20. Multi-vitamin tablet overdoses are one of the top causes of accidental death in youngsters.
False
21. Human population studies overwhelmingly confirm the association between breast cancer and dietary fat intake.
False
22. Research has proven that the common cold can be prevented by increasing intake of Vitamin C.
False
23. Vitamin A is water soluble and found in the non-fat part of the milk.
False
4. Vegetables in the cruciferous family include carrots, sweet potatoes, and corn.
False
5. Taken regularly, vitamin supplements are the best way to obtain balanced nutrition.
False
6. Some of the vitamins serve as sources of energy.
False
7. Beta-carotene found in many animal sources is a precursor to vitamin A.
False
1. Because excesses are stored in the liver and fatty tissues, it is possible for megadoses of fat-soluble vitamins to build up to toxic levels
True
10. The primary function of vitamin D is the regulation of the use of calcium and phosphorus within the body.
True
11. Herbal supplements are unregulated and possibly unsafe.
True
12. Low vitamin K blood levels are associated with a higher risk of hip fractures in older women.
True
13. Regular consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables such as beta-carotene may delay may prevent or delay macular degeneration.
True
17. Vitamins promote growth and reproduction and help maintain health.
True
18. Phytochemicals in food are superior to the phytochemicals found in supplements.
True
24. Excluding an entire food group may lead to vitamin deficiencies over time.
True
3. Vegetarians have a lower risk of developing cancer.
True
8. The disease pellagra is characterized by diarrhea, dermatitis, and, in severe cases, dementia.
True
9. The Vitamins C, D, and K are all actively involved in bone health and maintenance.
True
49. _______ in coffee are thought to reduce risk of type 2 diabetes in regular coffee drinkers.
a. Antioxidants
43. Which drug can be administered as a nasal spray to inhibit bone resorption activity of osteoclasts?
a. Calcitonin
40. Which 8-ounce beverage has the lowest caffeine content?
a. Chocolate milk
73. Along with iron, which minerals are associated with hemoglobin and the ability of the body's red blood cells to carry oxygen?
a. Copper and zinc
82. Michael is trying to eat less sodium by preparing more meals at home. Which of the following meals would be a good choice?
a. Grilled chicken, brown rice, and sautéed green beans
64. What factor is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer?
a. High intake of calories
52. Tomas is at a fraternity party and his friends are drinking beer and also smoking marijuana. What interaction would this combination have?
a. It may prevent vomiting, increasing the risk of alcohol poisoning.
50. Which individual would be at the lowest risk for osteoporosis?
a. Joe, who walks for 1 our, 3 times each week
66. _______ refers to the body's increased efficiency of removing high levels of alcohol from the blood due to long-term exposure.
a. Metabolic tolerance
50. How much alcohol consumption has been proven to be safe during pregnancy?
a. No amount of alcohol has been proven to be safe.
79. What is not a factor that one should consider when choosing a supplement to purchase?
a. Price
43. At her sister's summer barbeque, Donna looks over the meats on the table to decide which meat to choose. In lieu of her concerns about cancer risk, what meat would be her best choice?
a. Roasted turkey
61. Which food is fortified with iodine to prevent deficiencies?
a. Salt
34. ______ can lead to a deficiency in vitamin K.
a. Taking antibiotics
31. Brodie's doctor wants his blood pressure to be reduced because his systolic pressure is too high. What does systolic pressure measure?
a. The force exerted by the heart as it contracts to pump blood throughout the body.
76. Long-term exposure to alcohol increases levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver. What does this mean?
a. The person must drink more alcohol than before to experience comparable effects.
61. Which statement concerning alcohol's metabolism in a man and woman of the same height and weight is correct?
a. The woman has a lower capacity for metabolizing alcohol than the man.
67. What item is a good food source of copper?
a. Whole grains
41. The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n) ____.
a. antioxidant
74. A general function of vitamin C is its action as a(n) ____.
a. antioxidant
56. Phytochemicals have several different modes of action. Those with ____ protect cells from damage.
a. antioxidant properties
30. Because ____ are widespread in foods, people who eat a varied diet are not at risk for deficiencies of these vitamins.
a. biotin and pantothenic acid
27. The health benefits of tea appear to be dose-dependent meaning that __________.
a. drinking more tea provides the greatest effect
41. Citrus juices are high in ____ and low in ____.
a. folate; sodium
37. Folic acid is added to ____ in order to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects.
a. grain products
78. As they sit and talk, Chris begins to smoke a cigarette. Robert can't believe his friend has such poor judgment and says, "Chris, don't you know that drinking alcohol and smoking puts you at a much higher risk for ____?"
a. heart attack
70. All women of child-bearing age are advised to get adequate folate to prevent cases of ____.
a. neural tube defects
71. The loss of ________ from dehydration that may occur as a result of fasting, severe diarrhea, or severe vomiting may lead to sudden death likely due to heart failure.
a. potassium
47. Isoflavones are phytochemicals found in ____.
a. soy products
36. _______ gives bones and teeth their rigidity and is part of the genetic makeup of every cell in the body.
a.Phosphorus
73. Pamela asks Theodore what an energy drink is, and he correctly explains, ____.
b. "It is a nonalcoholic beverage with extra caffeine, and sometimes other stimulants."
38. The legal limit defining intoxication for the driver of a car is a blood alcohol content (BAC) of ____ or higher.
b. 0.08
51. Which of the following statements about sodium and potassium is not correct?
b. A lifelong intake of foods high in sodium and high in potassium is associated with a increased risk of hypertension.
53. What characteristic should Joe expect in his Gatorade sports drink?
b. A mixture of glucose, sucrose, and fructose
51. Which statement best describes B vitamins?
b. B vitamins become part of coenzymes.
32. Gertrude has a young son named Ben, and wants to know how to make sure he grows strong bones. Ben's pediatrician advises her to include calcium-rich foods in his daily diet so he can attain a high bone mass. Why is this so important?
b. Bone mass is the main factor influencing bone health.
68. ________ is a calcium supplement that tends to be better absorbed, especially by older people whose secretion of stomach acid tends to be reduced.
b. Calcium citrate
64. Which of the following is a major function of chloride?
b. Contributes the stomach secretions
69. What recommendation helps minimize the loss of vitamins that can occur as a result of improper food handling?
b. Cook vegetables in a microwave oven in as little water as possible.
46. ____________ is a parasite that can contaminate water that is not sensitive to chlorine and is a potential threat to people with weakened immune systems.
b. Cryptosporidium
53. What would you recommend to someone who wants to make sure her intake is close to the RDA for all vitamins?
b. Eat a variety of all food groups daily.
84. Which vitamins work with vitamin K and vitamin B6 to maintain blood health?
b. Folate and B12
34. Which food provides iron in the most absorbable form?
b. Hamburger
88. Which statement about bottled water is correct?
b. Its mineral content can be determined by checking with the bottling company.
49. What is the main risk factor linked to hypertension?
b. Obesity
35. _______ is the deficiency disease associated with niacin.
b. Pellagra
55. Which of the following can occur as a result of drinking alcohol excessively on a regular basis?
b. Stomach ulcers may develop.
79. Which food would enhance iron absorption from the intestinal tract when eaten with a food rich in nonheme iron?
b. Strawberries
59. Which of the following is a correct statement about soda consumption?
b. There are no indisputable positive health benefits from soda consumption.
70. Which is not a common characteristic seen in high sodium diets?
b. They are high in whole foods.
89. Which statement about energy drinks is correct?
b. Using them during exercise may cause light-headedness and nausea.
86. What vitamin deficiency is associated with night blindness?
b. Vitamin A
34. As a friend, Robert asks Chris to consider whether low to moderate alcohol consumption is a health benefit or a health risk for him personally. Robert also reminds Chris that the leading cause of death for college-age males is ____.
b. accidents
49. Excess intake of water-soluble vitamins are typically ____.
b. excreted in the urine
79. Consuming an apple instead of an equivalent amount of apple juice is a more nutrient dense choice because of the apple's ______.
b. fiber
88. The National Cancer Institute estimates that about 85 percent of all cancers are associated with ____.
b. lifestyle factors & environmental exposure
45. A diet which overemphasizes ____ is likely to lead to a(n) ____ deficiency in children.
b. milk; iron
64. Fetal alcohol syndrome is considered to be the most common cause of ____ in the United States.
b. preventable intellectual disability
68. Milk is sold in protective cardboard or opaque plastic containers rather than in transparent glass bottles to minimize the loss of ____.
b. riboflavin
85. Sodium, potassium, chloride, and phosphorus play a major role in ____.
b. the distribution of water inside and outside body cells
48. One of the functions of vitamin C in the body is ______.
b. to function in collagen formation
39. When the diet contains an adequate amount of protein, the body can synthesize niacin from the amino acid ____.
b. tryptophan
63. The vitamin most intensively involved in protein metabolism is ____.
b. vitamin B6
55. Newborns are given an injection of _____ to prevent the possibility of a life-threatening hemorrhage.
b. vitamin K
51. The liver can metabolize _____ ounce(s) of alcohol per hour.
c. 0.5
76. Sharon is an 18-year-old college student who drinks soda at lunch, at dinner, and with snacks. You notice that she rarely drinks milk and suggest that she start because the calcium recommendation for someone 9 to 18 years of age is ____.
c. 1,000 mg per day
72. Peak bone mass is reached at approximately ____ years of age.
c. 30
77. Consuming two cups of milk provides _____ of calcium.
c. 600
74. Which eating plan should Dan try to follow?
c. A diet high in produce and whole grains and low in total fat
39. What type of packaging will retain the nutrients in orange juice best?
c. A plastic jug
33. People from which ethnic background tend to have the lowest risk for osteoporosis?
c. African American
80. ______ mediates the conversion of alcohol to _____.
c. Alcohol dehydrogenase; acetaldehyde
74. ______ is an inflammation of the liver.
c. Alcoholic hepatitis
47. How do body cells keep the right amount of water inside themselves?
c. By pumping ions across their membranes
60. ______ helps maintain the strong acidity in the stomach and the appropriate balance of acids and bases in the blood.
c. Chloride
62. The _____is the arm of the U.S. government responsible for monitoring municipal water supplies.
c. EPA
28. Maria is overweight and wants to lose 10 pounds. She is at a party and is deciding what to order at the bar. Which beverage has the fewest calories when mixed with liquor?
c. Eight ounces club soda
71. Which food group is the best source of vitamin C?
c. Fruit group
37. ________ is an actual change in sensitivity to a drug.
c. Functional tolerance
44. Which would be a good reason for Sue to purchase bottled water?
c. It tastes better than Sue's tap water.
56. What water contaminant can cause neurologic damage in children?
c. Lead
52. ________ causes muscles to relax after contractions, helps tooth enamel to retain calcium, and is found in nuts, dark green vegetables, seafood, and chocolate.
c. Magnesium
77. Which statement is not correct about milk consumption?
c. Milk consumption has steadily risen since 1970.
84. _______ control(s) the water balance between body cells and their environment.
c. Minerals
37. Dan has been working hard to eat a lower sodium diet, lose weight, and exercise. He goes back to the doctor 2 months later and his blood pressure is 130 over 85 millimeters of mercury. How would his blood pressure be categorized now?
c. Prehypertension
82. Which herb is mismatched with its purported use?
c. Psyllium—improves memory
52. _______ is the vitamin D deficiency in children.
c. Rickets
77. What food is an unlikely source of beta-carotene?
c. Romaine lettuce
67. Which statement about enhanced waters is correct?
c. The fat-soluble vitamins will not be well absorbed into the body.
68. __________ cup(s) of coffee a day are associated with health benefits and little indication of health risks.
c. Two to three
71. What effect does blockage of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the body when consuming alcohol?
c. Urine output is increased
63. Which nutrient is not supplied by drinking a glass of milk?
c. Vitamin C
40. Which of the following is not a fat-soluble vitamin?
c. Vitamin E
54. Which vitamin works with vitamin C to squelch free radicals before they injure the body?
c. Vitamin E
31. Choline is ____.
c. a conditionally essential nutrient
72. Donna can lower her risk of skin cancer by consuming foods high in beta-carotene such as _____.
c. cantaloupe
59. The trace mineral ______ works closely with insulin to help the cells take up glucose.
c. chromium
58. Vitamin A toxicity is most likely to occur from ____.
c. consuming high-dose vitamin A supplements
73. A reliable source of vitamin D in the diet is ____.
c. fortified milk
45. Toxic compounds created in the body that may contribute to certain chronic diseases are called _______.
c. free radicals
41. Cretinism is severe mental and physical retardation of an infant due to a lack of ______ while the mother was pregnant.
c. iodine
84. Since a woman will absorb more alcohol into her blood than a man of the same weight, _____ drink(s) for a woman could have the same effect as _____ drink(s) for a man.
c. one; two
32. Strict vegetarians are at risk of developing a vitamin B12 deficiency because ____.
c. only animal foods contain sufficient amounts of the vitamin
53. Most sodium in the typical U.S. diet comes from _________ .
c. processed foods
85. The _________ in cow's milk makes it an unsuitable alternative to human milk for infants.
c. protein
82. Consumption of _____ is associated with a decrease in the plaque formation associated with Alzheimer's disease.
c. tea
44. Cortical bone is ____.
c. the thick, ivory-like outer portion of bone
42. Lycopene, found in ____, may help reduce the risk of ____.
c. tomatoes; prostate cancer
50. Riboflavin is destroyed by ____.
c. ultraviolet light
87. Consuming over three cups of coffee each daily may actually increase risk of cardiovascular disease for individuals who have _______.
c. uncontrolled hypertension
81. Sodium intake should be limited to ______ or less for those who are age 51 and older and those of any age who are African American or have high blood pressure.
d. 1,500 mg
58. If Norma expends 2,000 calories per day to maintain her weight, about how much total fluid does she need?
d. 2,000 to 3,000 mL
42. Five grams of alcohol supplies ____ calories.
d. 35
56. Margaret weighs 130 pounds and is at a healthy body weight for her height. Approximately what portion of her weight is composed of water?
d. 78 pounds
30. How many drinks does Chris need to drink during the evening to constitute a "binge"?
d. At least 5
72. Acetaldehyde affects production of red blood cells by destroying vitamin ____.
d. B6
57. Donna read that cruciferous vegetables may reduce the incidence of cancer at several sites. Which dish is a good source of a cruciferous vegetable?
d. Broccoli slaw
78. _______ is a binder that is found in milk that hinders zinc absorption.
d. Casein
66. Which of the following are good sources of dietary calcium?
d. Dark green leafy vegetables like spinach
76. Donna is surprised to learn that despite a family history of cancer, there is still a lot she can do to prevent cancer and lower her risk. Which is not a lifestyle behavior that can reduce her cancer risk?
d. Don't worry about energy intake
83. How would Dan's blood pressure be interpreted?
d. High blood pressure (hypertension)
1. Skin, hair, and nails tend to have high sulfur content.
T
11. Dark chocolate, in moderation, may positively influence cardiovascular health.
T
11. Fresh and canned vegetables vary in zinc content, depending on the soil in which they are grown.
T
12. Ninety-nine percent of the calcium in the body is in the bones.
T
13. The concentrations of calcium, sodium, and magnesium are what distinguish hard versus soft water.
T
14. Peak bone mass marks the point where bones are the strongest and most dense.
T
15. Pregnancy and lactation decrease the calcium reserves in bones whenever calcium intake is inadequate.
T
16. Vitamins are organic compounds whereas minerals are inorganic compounds.
T
17. Osteoblasts are the bone-building cells of the body.
T
18. Calcium is required for transmission of nerve impulses.
T
18. Tea is rich in phytochemicals, antioxidants, and caffeine.
T
19. Minerals are different than vitamins in that they contribute directly to the building of body structures.
T
20. Fetal alcohol syndrome is completely preventable.
T
20. The DASH diet is a good eating plan to reduce risk of hypertension, as well as heart disease and diabetes.
T
21. The more colorful a juice is, the more nutritious the juice usually is.
T
22. Aside from malnutrition, blood loss is the primary reason for iron deficiency.
T
22. Orange juice is the most nutrient-dense juice consumed in the United States.
T
23. Drinking alcohol at a rate of one drink per hour allows the liver adequate time to metabolize the alcohol completely.
T
24. Heavy alcohol use, especially when combined with smoking, appears to increase the risk of throat and neck cancers.
T
24. Rinsing canned beans reduce sodium content of the beans.
T
25. Many studies have shown a positive correlation between moderate alcohol consumption and decreasing incidence of heart disease.
T
25. The only trace mineral that acts as an antioxidant in the body is selenium.
T
26. Examples of standard servings are a 5-ounce glass of wine, a 12-fl oz beer, and 1 ½ fl oz of an 8-proof distilled liquor.
T
27. Water is essential for life and is the body's most needed nutrient.
T
28. Research suggests that diet may play a role in initiating cancer, speeding its development, or preventing cancer.
T
3. A sedentary lifestyle can lead to bone loss.
T
30. Iodine has a role in maintaining the basal metabolic rate.
T
4. Soft water contains a higher concentration of sodium than hard water.
T
5. Cryptosporidium is a parasite in water that is highly resistant to chlorine and other disinfectants.
T
7. Most Americans consume almost double the sodium recommended as the Adequate Intake (AI).
T
8. Most all protein foods are good sources of zinc.
T
8. Pancreatitis, hepatitis, and cirrhosis are all common consequences of heavy drinking.
T
55. ______ is caused by an iodine deficiency.
C. Goiter
40. Retarded growth and sexual development in a child may be due to a ________.
C. zinc deficiency
38. Michael is a young business systems analyst who avoids fried foods and fast food, drinks only black coffee and water, consumes one alcoholic drink on occasion, uses olive oil when preparing meals, and gets 8 to 10 servings of fruits and vegetables each day. Is there anything that Michael needs to do to decrease his cancer risk?
d. Incorporate regular physical activity.
65. What effect is attributed to drinking tea?
d. Increased blood pressure
35. _____ is a mineral that is critical to the synthesis of thyroid hormones.
d. Iodine
81. What vitamin term-123has been shown to reduce LDL-cholesterol and raise HDL-cholesterol when taken in doses 10 to 15 times the RDA?
d. Niacin
57. While out for dinner with Tracy, what choice would help Dan lower his sodium intake?
d. Order an omelet made with fresh tomatoes and herbs instead of ham.
60. ______ is the vitamin D deficiency disease in adults.
d. Osteomalacia
61. Which of the following is not a task that vitamins perform in the body?
d. Provide energy
65. Which food would not be a good source of sulfur?
d. Spinach
62. Which food is a good source of the vitamin A precursor, beta-carotene?
d. Sweet potatoes
45. Ben thinks his choice of a regular soft drink is the best because he spent the least amount of money on it. However, which may be a problem with consuming a lot of soft drinks?
d. The risk of dental caries increases.
36. Robert asks Chris to list the stages of alcohol addiction put forth by Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). What is the correct sequence of the scale? a. Misuse, use, dependency/addiction, and abuse b. Abuse, use, misuse, and dependency/addiction c. Use, abuse, misuse, and dependency/addiction d. Use, misuse, abuse, and dependency/addiction e. Dependency/addiction, misuse, use, and abuse
d. Use, misuse, abuse, and dependency/addiction
63. Which is not a nutrient or compound that impairs iron absorption?
d. Vitamin C
80. ________ can be synthesized by good bacteria in the intestinal tract.
d. Vitamin K
69. _____ is the most needed nutrient by the body and is indispensable to life.
d. Water
39. Which description is a sure way to tell that you have high blood pressure?
d. You have it measured and it is rated as elevated
81. The combination of alcohol with _______ may lead to a dangerous increase in blood pressure.
d. antidepressants
70. Even when consumed in moderate amounts, alcohol may still increase the risk of ____ in women.
d. breast cancer
54. Fluoride deficiency is best known to cause ____.
d. dental decay
87. Thiamin is involved in ____.
d. energy release from carbohydrates
33. The replacement of red blood cells depends most heavily on ____.
d. folate
59. Vitamin E is ____. a. found mostly in fruits b. a precursor to vitamin C c. a remedy for nighttime leg cramps d. found mostly in vegetable oils e. also called intrinsic factor
d. found mostly in vegetable oils
35. The herb _____ is often found in energy drinks and is chemically equivalent to caffeine.
d. guarana
44. Individuals who ________ are at high risk for a deficiency of vitamin B12.
d. lack intrinsic factor
57. Regular soft drinks are ____.
d. low in nutrient density
48. Which meal eaten with an alcoholic beverage would most likely slow down the rate at which the alcohol is absorbed?
d. pepperoni pizza
62. Two natural compounds found in food that inhibit mineral absorption from the gastrointestinal tract are ____.
d. phytates and oxalates
38. The most reliable source of fluoride is ____.
d. public water
31. When alcohol is consumed, it is mostly absorbed through the ____ and metabolized in the _______.
d. small intestine; liver
66. The main function of vitamin D is ____.
d. supporting bone mineralization
78. High blood levels of homocysteine ____.
d. tend to be associated with low blood levels of vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and folate
33. The largest percentage of a person's water output leaves the body through ____.
d. the kidneys as urine
47. The absorption and metabolism of alcohol is unaffected by ____.
d. the type of ethyl alcohol drink
42. Selenium is required for the production of the active form of ____ and also functions as a(n) ____.
d. thyroid hormone; antioxidant
65. An elderly individual who cannot leave the house is at risk of a ______ deficiency.
d. vitamin D
85. The body can store as much as a _____ supply of vitamin A in the body.
e. 1-year
46. Which individual is probably least susceptible to iron-deficiency anemia?
e. A 30-year-old businessman
75. Which of the following is not noted as a group that may benefit from taking a multivitamin-mineral supplement under guidance of a physician or dietitian?
e. A person approaching age 65
67. The inability of the stomach to produce enough acid can lead to a _____ deficiency.
e. B12
89. What factor is classified as a cancer initiator?
e. Cigarette smoke
60. Mark visited a local café near work and was debating what to order. He was trying to cut down on caffeine but knew that in addition to coffee, soft drinks and tea also have caffeine in them. Which choice would provide the least caffeine for Mark?
e. Eight-ounce cup of hot chocolate
43. _______ is drawn from an underground source and contains at least 250 parts per million of dissolved solids.
e. Mineral water
69. Which of the following is a correct statement about enhanced water?
e. Most enhanced water beverages are not any healthier than other beverages with added sugar.
54. Which is not a health benefit associated with moderate coffee consumption?
e. Reduced risk of obesity
75. Jill has decided to stop drinking coffee. What should be her initial approach to help avoid headaches and fatigue?
e. Replace a small amount of regular- with decaffeinated-coffee grounds
80. Which is not a body function that copper is involved in?
e. Taste perception
29. __________ is thought to be the main factor contributing to a hangover.
e. The dehydration from the alcohol consumed
48. Are there symptoms for high blood pressure that Dan should watch for?
e. There are no symptoms.
86. Chris argues that beer does not raise your blood alcohol level as much as hard liquor. Which beverage/amount combination has more alcohol than 12 ounces of regular beer?
e. They all contain the same amount of alcohol.
83. Which statement accurately describes a downside to vegetable juices?
e. They contain salt.
36. ______ plays a key role in blood clotting.
e. Vitamin K
75. The term "contamination iron" refers to the ____.
e. dietary iron obtained when cooking in iron cookware
58. The DASH eating pattern was designed to prevent _______.
e. hypertension
32. Caffeine consumption is known to cause _________.
e. jitteriness
83. The effects of a deficiency of vitamin D are most readily observed in the ____.
e. skeletal system
46. Excesses of the fat-soluble vitamins are ____.
e. stored in the liver and in body fat