BIOL 1500 Lab Cumulative Quiz (W/O PHOTOSYNTHESIS)
If you are investigating an allele that is X-linked, how many copies could a male organism have?
1
You are using a compound light microscope and you are viewing a slide under the 10x objective lens. What is the total magnification?
100
Pyruvate is systematically oxidized during the Krebs' cycle, which generates:
2 ATP, 8 NADH, 2 FADH2
Optimum temperature for most enzyme function is typically
20-40 degrees celsius
What effect does increasing the sample size have on precision?
A larger sample size will lead to higher precision
Cell respiration is the process that produces what?
ATP
What is the difference between accuracy and precision?
Accuracy is expressed as the mean or average of several measurements, and by percent error. Precision is expressed as the standard deviation from the mean.
The enzyme used in the enzyme lab was
Alkaline phosphatase
Name three reasons why enzymes are important
Allows humans to digest food, speeds up chemical reactions, enzyme assays are used to diagnose different diseases
Certain enzymes, commonly referred to as "marker enzymes" can be used to diagnose certain diseases. Give an example of a disease that can be diagnosed this way.
Bone cancer
Write down the basic equation of photosynthesis.
CO2 + H2O + light energy > Glucose + oxygen
Order of the three steps for PCR cycle:
Denaturation, annealing, extension
What is the test that can be used to detect proteins that are produced in GM crops?
ELISA
What kind of microscopes can achieve a greater magnification than 100,000x?
Electron microscopes
Plants injected with Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) DNA produces a protein called delta-toxin that is lethal to what species?
European corn borers
The first offspring produced from a monohybrid cross are called the
F1 generation
True or false: In a concentration gradient, molecules always flow down a concentration gradient (from low to high) because it costs zero energy to do so
False
True or false: Larger molecules travel further and faster on gels than smaller molecules
False
True or false: The variable that is manipulated or varied by the researcher in an experiment is the dependent variable
False
True or false: anaerobic respiration yields more ATP than aerobic respiration
False
The second step of the scientific method is?
Form a hypothesis
Who constructed one of the first compound microscopes?
Galileo Galilei
Name one of the three types of "peas" that we will be working with in the cellular respiration lab.
Germinating
Who is known as the 'founder' of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
Red blood cells in distilled water
Hemolysis or lysis
In the enzyme lab, we used an in vitro substrate, para nitrophenol-phosphate (pNPP), which is colorless. What do we used to create a color change?
Hydrolysis using alkaline phosphate, which turns into para nitrophenol, which is yellow.
What is an example of what lactic acid fermentation is used to make in food products?
Lactic acid fermentation makes bread rise
The ratio of the size of the image seen in the microscope versus the actual size of the object
Magnification
What is denaturation?
Melting double /-stranded DNA template into single strands
What are the three micropipettes routinely used in our lab?
P1000, P200, and P20
Which of the following is the capacity of a microscope to distinguish two points that are close together?
Resolution
What does SEM stand for?
Scanning electron microscopy
In the exercise we will do in this lab, measuring the heart rate is analogous to which step of the scientific method:
Testing out the hypotheses
What will happen in the experiment when light hits the chloroplasts?
The DPIP is reduced, the DPIP will change from blue to colorless, and there will be an increase in light transmittance
What is one of the most well-studied model organisms of learning about genetics and embryo development?
The common fruit fly Drosophila
What is a concern about using GMO plants?
The concern about using GMO plants is that they will eventually lead to superbugs which are highly resistant
True or False: Osmosis is the passive movement of water through a semipermeable membrane
True
True or false: Diffusion requires no energy transport
True
True or false: Gametes are haploid and adult cells are diploid
True
True or false: If a patient had the results of two "random" glucose reading of 200mg/dL or higher, this person meets the criteria of diabetes mellitus.
True
True or false: parents can only give 1 copy of their 2 alleles to their offspring
True
When graphing enzyme activity what kind of trend would you see?
bell curve
What is the name of the 'dye' we used to color the glucose?
chromogen
What other type of GMOs did they mention?
cornmeal
Red blood cells in seawater
crenation
What is another name for the 2nd phase of photosynthesis?
dark reactions
What is the disease the patient is afflicted with that we are testing the glucose levels for?
diabetes
What are three reasons Mendel used peas?
easy to grow, cross-fertilize, mature quickly
What happens if either the enzyme or substrate is limited?
enzyme reaction will remain constant
What does ELISA stand for?
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Alcohol fermentation by yeast (which yields _________ and __________) is used in the production of beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages and it is what helps make bread rise
ethanol, CO2
The genetic composition of an organism is known as the organism's
genotype
Photosynthesis is an important anabolic pathway that uses atmospheric carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to generate:
glucose and oxygen
Upon entering the cytosol of a cell ___________ is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid in a series of enzymatic reactions collectively referred to as _______________
glucose, glycolysis
Within the chloroplast, there are little stacks of green discs. What are they called?
granum
Genetics is the study of
heredity and variation
If an organism contains two different alleles for a trait, it is said to be:
heterozygous
Areas of high solute concentrations are considered
hypertonic
Why do farmers who plant Bt crops don't have to use pesticides?
it produces a toxic protein inside their cells
The carbon dioxide influences the results of the experiment by:
it was not involved in the overall effect of the volume of gas
What is another name for the first phase of photosynthesis?
light dependent reactions
List the three monomeric constituents that your body breaks food down to:
monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids
What is the first step of the scientific method?
observation
Large complexes of proteins and pigments (light-absorbing molecules) that are optimized to harvest light are called:
photosystems
Plant leaf in a hypertonic solution
plasmolysis
When leaf pigments absorb light, electrons are boosted to a higher energy level, providing energy to:
produce ATP and reduce NADP+
Nearly all enzymes are made of what?
proteins
Name three macromolecules that cells synthesize through the enzyme-controlled processes of synthesis
proteins, fats, carbohydrates
The instrument we used to measure gas consumption was the:
respirometer
What is the name of the machine we will use in today's lab to measure the amount of light that is absorbed by a substance called?
spectrophotometer
During the dark reactions, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is brought into the leaf through tiny pores called:
stomata
If you have a minor cut in the lab, the proper procedure is to immediately
tell your instructor, wash with soap and water
In an experiment designed to determine the rate of reaction based on the content of each beaker, the hypothesis that states that there will be a difference in the outcome of the experiment is:
the alternate hypothesis
Why isn't ELISA a good test to use on highly processed foods?
the proteins are destroyed
True or false: Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-enclosed organelles, including mitochondria
true
Explain the principle of objectivity
we should avoid letting out prior knowledge, prejudices, and biases influence how we collect and analyze the data
