BIOL 1740 MB Ch 4, 6-8
What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?
protection
A cell that contains a large number of ribosomes would produce a large number of ________ molecules
protein
Which of the following is a function of the golgi apparatus?
protein modification
Which statement best describes the relationship between RNA and DNA?
RNA is a copy of DNA that is used to make proteins
What is the smallest living thing in the following list: frog embryo, mitochondria, bacteria, virus, atom?
bacteria
Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
lipid manufacture
Components of the modern cell theory
-All cells arise from preexisting cells -Cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms -The smallest living organisms are single cells -All living organisms are made up of one or more cells
_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles
Basal bodies
What is similar about exporting proteins from a cell and digesting food particles within a cell?
Both processes involve the formation of vesicles
What is the difference between cilia and flagella?
Cilia are much shorter than flagella
_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface
Fimbriae
Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?
Microtubules
Think of all the structures that prokaryotic cells possess and those that they lack. What is the common feature of most of the missing structures?
Most of the missing structures are enclosed by a membrane
What organelle produces H2O2 as a by-product?
Peroxisomes
Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?
The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy
Phospholipids are found in:
cell membranes
What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?
cell wall
_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells
central vacuoles; ribosomes
The _____ is composed of DNA and protein
chromatin
Most of the cell's metabolic activities occur in the ________
cytoplasm
The structural framework in a cell is the
cytoskeleton
In which of these cell types would you expect to find a membrane-enclosed nucleus?
fungal cells
Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?
golgi apparatus (The endomembrane system includes the ER, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles. It manufactures, processes, and transports lipids and proteins. The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins)
Prokaryotic cells lack the ______, as well as other organelles
internal membrane system
Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?
lysosome
What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?
mRNA (The "m" in mRNA stands for "messenger"; mRNA is the messenger that carries genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm)
Where in a cell is ATP made?
mitochondria
Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration?
mitochondria
Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?
mitochondria (in both plant and animal cells, it's the mitochondria that convert chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell)
What is NOT a feature of a prokaryotic cell?
nuclear membrane
Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?
nucleoid region
Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the ____
nucleolus
Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?
nucleus
Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?
organelles
Which type of cell is capable of harnessing energy from sunlight?
photosynthetic cells
The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell
plasma membrane
What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?
plasma membrane
What is the purpose of mitochondria?
produce ATP using energy in food
Which of the following biological molecules accomplishes work within the cell?
proteins
In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?
ribosomes
One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by
ribosomes
Which of the following is present inside a prokaryotic cell?
ribosomes (to generate proteins)
What activity occurs in the nucleolus?
ribosomes are created
Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane?
rough ER
Where are lipids made in the cell?
smooth ER
Where is calcium stored?
smooth ER
Function of the central vacuole?
storing compounds produced by the cell
What is the purpose of the cell wall?
support and protection