BIOL 1740 MB Ch 4, 6-8

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?

protection

A cell that contains a large number of ribosomes would produce a large number of ________ molecules

protein

Which of the following is a function of the golgi apparatus?

protein modification

Which statement best describes the relationship between RNA and DNA?

RNA is a copy of DNA that is used to make proteins

What is the smallest living thing in the following list: frog embryo, mitochondria, bacteria, virus, atom?

bacteria

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

lipid manufacture

Components of the modern cell theory

-All cells arise from preexisting cells -Cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms -The smallest living organisms are single cells -All living organisms are made up of one or more cells

_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles

Basal bodies

What is similar about exporting proteins from a cell and digesting food particles within a cell?

Both processes involve the formation of vesicles

What is the difference between cilia and flagella?

Cilia are much shorter than flagella

_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface

Fimbriae

Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?

Microtubules

Think of all the structures that prokaryotic cells possess and those that they lack. What is the common feature of most of the missing structures?

Most of the missing structures are enclosed by a membrane

What organelle produces H2O2 as a by-product?

Peroxisomes

Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?

The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy

Phospholipids are found in:

cell membranes

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?

cell wall

_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells

central vacuoles; ribosomes

The _____ is composed of DNA and protein

chromatin

Most of the cell's metabolic activities occur in the ________

cytoplasm

The structural framework in a cell is the

cytoskeleton

In which of these cell types would you expect to find a membrane-enclosed nucleus?

fungal cells

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?

golgi apparatus (The endomembrane system includes the ER, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles. It manufactures, processes, and transports lipids and proteins. The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins)

Prokaryotic cells lack the ______, as well as other organelles

internal membrane system

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

lysosome

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

mRNA (The "m" in mRNA stands for "messenger"; mRNA is the messenger that carries genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm)

Where in a cell is ATP made?

mitochondria

Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration?

mitochondria

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?

mitochondria (in both plant and animal cells, it's the mitochondria that convert chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell)

What is NOT a feature of a prokaryotic cell?

nuclear membrane

Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?

nucleoid region

Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the ____

nucleolus

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?

nucleus

Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?

organelles

Which type of cell is capable of harnessing energy from sunlight?

photosynthetic cells

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell

plasma membrane

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?

plasma membrane

What is the purpose of mitochondria?

produce ATP using energy in food

Which of the following biological molecules accomplishes work within the cell?

proteins

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?

ribosomes

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by

ribosomes

Which of the following is present inside a prokaryotic cell?

ribosomes (to generate proteins)

What activity occurs in the nucleolus?

ribosomes are created

Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane?

rough ER

Where are lipids made in the cell?

smooth ER

Where is calcium stored?

smooth ER

Function of the central vacuole?

storing compounds produced by the cell

What is the purpose of the cell wall?

support and protection