BIOL 348 Chapter 5 (STUDY THIS ONE)
In which areas do adult males tend to primarily accumulate subcutaneous fat? a: Neck b: Upper arms c: Abdomen d: Lower back e: Buttocks
All of the choices are correct.
Keratinocytes are
All of the choices are correct.
Which describes the skin's form and function?
All of the choices are correct.
Why is the dermis richly innervated?
All of the choices are correct.
What is the composition of the subcutaneous layer?
Areolar connective tissue and adipose connective tissue
Which skin markings usually disappear during childhood?
Capillary hemangiomas
________ glands are modified sweat glands located only in the external ear canal.
Ceruminous
Which is the result of oxygen deficiency in the blood?
Cyanosis
True or False. Dermal papillae are more superficial than epidermal ridges.
False
True or False. During aging of the integumentary system, sweat production increases as a result of improved sweat gland activity.
False
True or False. The formation of thick calluses from manual labor is an example of fibrosis.
False
True or False. The reason for the reddish tint seen in lightly pigmented skin is the molecule formed by the combination of oxygen and melanin.
False
True or False. The subcutaneous layer, or hypodermis, is one of the two parts of the integument.
False
True or False. The thickness of the skin as a cover is consistent throughout the body.
False
True or False. When the body is cold and needs to conserve heat, the blood vessels in the dermis dilate to allow for more blood flow in that region.
False
During the development of the fetus, which must be present before hair can form?
Hair follicles
_________ perspiration is the release of water vapor from sweat glands under "normal" conditions when one is not sweating.
Insensible
Which is the result of increased levels of bilirubin in the blood?
Jaundice
_______ is a fine, unpigmented, downy hair that first appears on the fetus in the last trimester of development.
Lanugo
Which is not a function of the integument?
No exceptions; all are functions of the integument.
Where on the human body is the hair thick enough to retain heat?
Scalp
Which type of hair forms the beard on the faces of males?
Terminal
True or False. A mole with an irregular border is concern for possible cancer.
True
True or False. A surgeon would prefer to do an incision parallel to a cleavage line.
True
True or False. Although sweat and sebaceous glands develop from the stratum basale of the epidermis, they eventually burrow and remain in the underlying dermis.
True
True or False. Carotene, a pigment that contributes to skin color, is acquired in the body by eating various yellow-orange vegetables.
True
True or False. During skin development, cuboidal cells of the periderm flatten to form the ectoderm.
True
True or False. During the fetal period, sebum from the sebaceous glands mixes with the cells of the sloughed off periderm to form the vernix caseosa.
True
True or False. Fibroblasts produce collagen during wound healing.
True
True or False. Melanocyte cytoplasmic processes transfer pigment granules into stratum basale keratinocytes; these pigment granules shield the nuclear DNA from UV radiation.
True
True or False. Most of the nail body appears pink because of the blood in the underlying capillaries.
True
True or False. Nails, hair, and sweat and sebaceous glands are all derived from the epidermis.
True
True or False. The ability of the components of the integumentary system to respond to stress or trauma is independent of nervous or endocrine system control.
True
True or False. The epidermal dendritic cells are able to play an important immune response role by their phagocytic activity.
True
True or False. The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals.
True
True or False. The sebaceous gland secretion called sebum has bactericidal properties.
True
True or False. The skin consists of different tissue types that perform specific activities and therefore is to be considered an organ.
True
In which areas do adult females tend to accumulate subcutaneous fat? a: Breasts b: Buttocks c: Hips d: Thighs e: Abdomen
a, b, c, d
The secretion of the ceruminous glands forms a: Cerumen with sebum and exfoliated keratinocytes b: Cerumen, which is waterproof c: Cerumen, which traps small insects d: Cerumen, which lubricates the eardrum e: Cerumen, which is a pheromone-like compound
a, b, c, d
Which actions happen in the stratum granulosum? a: Keratinization b: Cell flattening c: Plasma membranes thicken d: Plasma membranes become less permeable
a, b, c, d
Which are found in sweat? a: Water b: Sodium c: Metabolites d: Waste products
a, b, c, d
Among the components of the dermis are a: Sweat glands b: Hair follicles c: Collagen fibers d: Sensory nerve endings e: Smooth muscle tissue
a, b, c, d, e
Among the uses of the yellow-orange pigment carotene is/are a: Providing coloration to the skin b: Acting as a precursor to Vitamin A c: Reducing the number of potentially dangerous molecules formed during metabolic activity d: Improving immune cell number e: Improving immune cell activity
a, b, c, d, e
Which of these are functions of hair? a: Sensory reception b: Heat retention c: Pheromone dispersal d: Protection e: Visual identification
a, b, c, d, e
Skin color results from a combination of a: Melanin b: Hemoglobin c: Bilirubin d: Carotene
a, b, d
Which are applicable to the stratum corneum? a: Most superficial stratum b: Consists of about 3-5 cell layers c: Cells are dead d: Interlocking keratinized cells called corneocytes e: Cells are anucleate
a, c, d, e
Which are correct concerning thick skin? a: More limited in its distribution than thin b: Has only four of the strata c: Thickness ranges from 0.4 to 0.6 millimeters d: Thickness ranges from 0.075 to 0.15 millimeters e: Has sebaceous glands f: Has sweat glands
a, c, f
Which of these comprise the nail plate? a: Free edge b: Nail folds c: Eponchyium d: Nail root e: Nail body
a, d, e
Generally, people have ________ number of melanocytes ______________.
about the same; no matter where they live
The mammary glands of the breasts are modified ______ sweat glands.
apocrine
The secretion of ________ sweat glands is viscous, cloudy, and rich in proteins and lipids.
apocrine
The structure responsible for actually pulling on the follicle and causing "goose bumps" is the
arrector pili muscle.
From deep to superficial, the order of the strata of the epidermis is
basale - spinosum - granulosum - lucidum - corneum.
The stratum basale attaches to an underlying _______ membrane that separates the epidermis fromthe adjacent dermis.
basement
The condition in which the skin appears golden brown as a result of Addison Disease is called ________.
bronzing
Nails are hard derivatives formed from the stratum ______ of the epidermis.
corneum
Another name for the skin is the _________ membrane.
cutaneous
The skin's immune responsiveness will be diminished by a decrease in the number of epidermal _________ cells.
dendritic
The reticular layer of the dermis consists primarily of
dense irregular connective tissue.
Blood capillaries that supply the epidermis are located in the
dermal papillae.
The scientific study and treatment of the integumentary system is called ________.
dermatology
Collagen fibers impart tensile strength to our skin while ______ fibers allow for some stretch and contraction in the dermis during movement.
elastic
The greatest risk factor for skin cancer is
exposure to UV light rays.
In response to severe injuries or burns, the body may repair itself by producing scar tissue to fill the damaged area. This process is called _______.
fibrosis
The police science of fingerprinting takes advantage of the unique pattern of ________ ridges found on human fingers, toes, palms, and soles.
friction
The mass of vascular connective tissue that temporarily forms during wound healing is called ________ tissue.
granulation
A _______ is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to blood vessels that proliferate and form a benign tumor.
hemangioma
A ________ is a bruise that is visible through the skin.
hematoma
Epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cells function as part of the ______ response.
immune
A ________ is an accumulation of excess scar tissue caused by collagen formation during healing.
keloid
The epidermis is a __________ epithelium.
keratinized stratified squamous
The stratum _______ is only found in thick skin, such as the skin covering the palms and soles.
lucidum
Hair production involves a specialized type of keratinization that occurs in the hair ______.
matrix
The dermis is derived from mesoderm, but prior to the formation of the components of the dermis the mesoderm layer forms a connective tissue layer called _________.
mesenchyme
The cells that contract and squeeze sweat glands causing them to discharge their accumulated secretions are called __________ cells.
myoepithelial
The actively growing part of the nail is the
nail matrix
A ______, also called a mole, is a harmless, localized overgrowth of melanin-forming cells.
nevus
The epidermal ridges and dermal ________ increase the area of contact between the epidermis and dermis to help connect these layers.
papillae
The function of melanin in the skin is to
protect against UV light.
Sudoriferous glands and ______ glands are examples of exocrine glands in the skin.
sebaceous
Sebaceous glands discharge an oily, waxy secretion called _______.
sebum
Another name for sweating is ________ perspiration.
sensible
The part of the hair that extends beyond the skin surface is called the
shaft.
The stratum _________ derives its name from the spiny appearance of the "bridges" that connect neighboring cells.
spinosum
Sweat gland secretion occurs in response to stimulation by the _______ division of the nervous system.
sympathetic
Tactile (Merkel) cells are sensitive to
touch
The reason a human may be paler when exposed to cold temperatures is
vasoconstriction has occurred.
When the body is too warm, dermal blood vessels will undergo _______ in order to increase heat loss.
vasodilation
Fine hair called _________, which is unpigmented or lightly pigmented, is the primary human hair and is found on the upper and lower limbs.
vellus
Caused by the human papillomavirus, a ______ is a roughened projection from the surface of the skin.
wart
The growth rate for a scalp hair is about _______ per day for 18 months to 7 years, and then the hair becomes dormant.
1/3 mm
Fingernails and toenails start to form in the ______ week of development.
10th
The cells of the hair follicle walls are organized into ______ (number) principal concentric layers.
2
There are ______ recognizable zones along the length of a hair.
3
Among the stimuli detected by the sensory receptors of the skin is
All of the choices are correct.
Freckles are the result of
All of the choices are correct.