ch 26 quiz

During the latter part of the nineteenth century, women held about ___________ of the industrial jobs.

1/3

In 1833, the Factory Act set a minimum age of 9 for child employees and limited the workday to _____ hours for children between the ages of 13 and 18.

12

How many Europeans migrated to Australia and New Zealand by 1914?

3 mil

Among the factors that made industrialization in Belgium, northern France, and the northern German states more suitable in the 1830s than earlier in the century was:

An improved network of roads, canals, and now railways in this region.

The most controversial part of the Darwinian biological theory as spelled out in On the Origin of Species (1859) was that characteristics are passed on by means of "natural selection", and thus: __________.

By random chance and a haphazard process.

Who advocated for the establishment of self-sustaining model communities?

Charles Fournier

The most famous—and most radical—of British political feminists was _________, who together with her daughters formed the Women's Social and Political Union in 1903.

Emmeline Pankhurst

One advantage enjoyed by Germany in its production of steel was:

Its development of sophisticated science research capabilities at universities.

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote their pamphlet entitled The Communist Manifesto in the city of ____________.

London

The first fully automatic __________ was conceived by Hiram Maxim, an American inventor.

Machine Gun

The Communist Manifesto declared, "The _________ have nothing to lose but their chains."

Proletarians.

Over the course of the 19th century population in the industrialized nations of Europe:

Shifted from rural to urbanized settings

By the 1890s, the __________ in the United States produced over 90% of the country's petroleum.

Standard Oil Company.

In ship construction, what material improved their speed, size, and strength?

Steel

The factors that made Britain especially suitable for launching the industrial movement included all of the following except:

The scientific knowledge and interests of a succession of kings

Among the components that Siegfried Marcus designed for his combustion-engine automobile were all of the following except:

a turn signal

due in large part to concerns for the domestic woolen industry, the British Parliament enacted legislation in 1700 and 1720 which prohibited the importation of _________ cotton goods from India

cotton

The invention of _______ by the Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Bernhard Nobel aided in the construction of the Panama Canal (1914).

dynamite

Ferdinand von Zeppelin's dirigible airship was kept aloft by the incorporation of bags filled with _________ gas and powered by two 16-horsepower engines.

hydrogen

The invention of the flying shuttle (1733), water frame (1769), and spinning mule (1779):

increased the speed and quality of spinning and weaving

Although Samuel Morse had already invented a telegraph transmission code, it was only in the __________ that major continental landmasses were linked by submarine transoceanic cables.

1860s and 1870s.

The speed and efficiency of telegraphic communication was vastly augmented with Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone in ________.

1876

Among the factors that made industrialization in Belgium, northern France, and the northern German states more suitable in the 1830s than earlier in the century was

An improved network of roads, canals, and now railways in this region.

The English philosopher Herbert Spencer proposed a theory that came to be called "social ________", which sought to apply the ideas of natural selection to races, ethnicities, and peoples.

Darwinism

In 1900 Sigmund Freud published his highly influential book on The Interpretation of _______, which developed his ideas of the subconscious mind.

Dreams.

One social activist ___________, the child of a wealthy mill owner, drew attention to the abysmal conditions in factories.

Friedrich Engels

_________ argued that rational thought would not improve either the individual or the welfare of humankind; only recourse to the "will to power" will suffice.

Friedrich Nietzsche

By 1903, __________ had enhanced the power and range of his device enough to send the first transatlantic radio message.

Guglielmo Marconi

The Scottish engineer _________ patented his steam engine in 1769, creating a machine that was five times as efficient as previous models.

James Watt

In the late summer of 1845, Mary Paul, age 15, went to work in a spinning room in the booming mill town of Lowell, _______.

Massachusetts.

Rifles designed by the German firms of Krupp and _________ pioneered the bolt-action, magazine, and clip-fed rifles that remained the staple of infantry weapons through two world wars.

Mauser

What is Austrian Siegfried Marcus credited to having invented in 1874?

The combustion-engine automobile

What did Samuel Slater build in Rhode Island in 1793?

The first water-powered textile factory in America.

In 1911 the Austrian composer and theoretician Arnold Schoenberg created a new, modern style of musical composition called:

Twelve tone music

By 1869 the first transcontinental railroad was joined with a final golden spike at Promontory Point, _______, resulting in greater trade and commerce across the American continent.

Utah

Charles Goodyear invented a process in 1839 that produced _________ rubber.

Vulcanized

Karl Marx replaced Hegel's dialectical schema with one of his own, based on the concept of economic class struggle, or dialectical _________.

materialism

Between 1840 and 1870, the total mileage of railroads laid in Britain grew by a factor of ______.

nine