BIOL2401 - CHAPTER 10 & 11

MASTER

Reading Quiz 10a: muscle micro A&P

When calf-roping from horseback, the upper body of cowboys is very active, while the lower body is very stable and "quiet." Which of the following is the best explanation for this observed difference? Both girdles have the same attributes. The movements observed are a function of whether the cowboy is on horseback. The pectoral girdle connections provide stability, while the pelvic girdle acts as a shock absorber. The pectoral girdle connections act as shock absorbers, whereas the pelvic girdle transfers weight from the axial to the appendicular skeleton . The pelvic girdle has flexible, bony articulations that allow the legs to absorb the movements of the horse.

The pectoral girdle connections act as shock absorbers, whereas the pelvic girdle transfers weight from the axial to the appendicular skeleton

A lever consists of a fulcrum. a rigid structure. a rigid structure and a fulcrum. a tendon and a muscle. a bone, a muscle, and a nerve.

a rigid structure and a fulcrum.

Which of these is NOT a member of the quadriceps group? biceps femoris vastus medialis vastus lateralis vastus intermedius

biceps femoris

Identify the function of the thin filament protein at the end of the arrow. *troponin*

binds to calcium

One of the extensors of the knee, the rectus femoris, has a distinct arrangement of fascicles, which facilitate the muscle contraction at the knee. Which arrangement is this known as? convergent bipennate circular parallel

bipennate

The three parts of muscle contraction that use ATP are the cross-bridge cycle, the Na/K pumps that enable the action potential, and the _______ pumps at work between contractions. bicarbonate phosphate magnesium glucose calcium

calcium

When physiological and psychological factors lead to difficulty in brain stimulation of continued muscle activity, this is called _______ fatigue. synaptic central psychosomatic muscle

central

A muscle that inserts on the body of the mandible is probably involved in frowning. spitting. blowing. kissing. chewing.

chewing.

Muscles that guard entrances and exits of internal passageways are ________ muscles. circular parallel bipennate pennate convergent

circular

The levator ani inserts on the sacrum. iliac crest. coccyx. central tendon of the perineum. ischial spine.

coccyx.

The buccinator muscle __________. does not function during chewing raises the corners of the mouth purses the lips compresses the cheeks

compresses the cheeks

The end of a muscle that is attached to the point that moves when the muscle contracts is called the aponeurosis. origin. tendon. lever. insertion.

insertion.

Carrying a heavy grocery bag at a steady height is an example of an _______ contraction; lifting up (or setting down) the grocery bag into your car is an example of an _______ contraction. isometric; isotonic isotonic; isobaric isotonic; isometric isobaric; isometric

isometric; isotonic

The fulcrum of a lever system is the bone. muscle. resistance. joint. load.

joint.

o produce a contraction similar to the one in graph (b), the muscle

must be stimulated again before it has relaxed from the previous stimulation.

The thick filament is made of the protein _______. troponin actin myosin tropomyosin

myosin

The flat muscle that inserts broadly on the mandible is the __________. masseter platysma lateral pterygoid temporalis

platysma

The anterior muscle of facial expression that inserts widely on the periosteum of the mandible is the masseter. medial pterygoideus. temporalis. platysma. lateral pterygoideus.

platysma.

A(n) ________ is a muscle whose contraction is chiefly responsible for producing a particular movement. antagonist opposition motor-unit prime mover synergist

prime mover

The adductor brevis has its origin on the ilium. pubis. linea aspera. iliac crest. sacrum.

pubis.

What is the term used when two muscle twitches combine, to some extent, because the muscle has not completely relaxed between stimulations? pre-tetany additive twitching a combo twitch twitch summation

twitch summation

A motor _____ is a group of muscle fibers controlled by a single motor neuron. unit driver pool synchronization

unit

Which structure contains the motor end plate?

#2 - sarcolemma

If each motor neuron going to a particular hand muscle controls ten muscle fibers, how many muscle fibers would be stimulated if four motor neurons fire at once?

40

Six muscles control eye movement. How many of these muscles can you see from the lateral surface and how many can you see from the medial surface, respectively? (Figure 11-6) 5; 5 4; 4 4; 2 1; 6 2; 4

5; 5

The eye muscles include which of the following muscles? superior oblique inferior rectus inferior oblique medial rectus All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus? palmaris longus flexor carpi ulnaris pronator teres flexor carpi radialis All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of these muscles is a member of the quadriceps group? vastus medialis rectus femoris vastus lateralis vastus intermedius All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of these muscles produces lateral rotation at the hip? piriformis obturator internus gluteus maximus obturator externus All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

ACTIV

Lesson 3.4 - Muscle Micro Anat & Phys

ACTIV

Lesson 3.5 - Muscle Macro Physiology

A single motor neuron signal leads to a single muscle action potential, a single release of calcium ions, and a single brief contraction known as a "_______".

Muscle Twitch

You decide it is time to remove a stump from your front garden. So you dig out around it with a shovel, pry it out using a 2" x 4" stud balanced on a brick, and haul it away in a wheelbarrow. Of those different motions, which would be considered the third-class lever? The removal of the stump using the wheelbarrow. The motion using the 2" x 4" stud to pry it out. The shovel motion of digging around the stump is considered a third-class lever. None of these motions is considered a third-class lever.

None of these motions is considered a third-class lever.

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MASTERING

READING QUIZ - 11B: AXIAL MUSCLES

MASTERING

SKELETAL MUSCLE - POST LAB 1

What is the term that describes when a rapid series of motor neuron stimulations causes a single long, strong contraction of a muscle fiber? Tetanus or tetany

Tetanus

Biceps brachii on the left and the triceps brachii on the right. These muscles are considered antagonists because they produce opposing movements. Which statements correctly describe the action of each muscle?

The biceps brachii is the flexor, because its lines of action cross on the anterior side of the joint it moves. The triceps brachii is the extensor, because its lines of action cross on the posterior side of the joint it moves.

Gluteus medius and minimus (from now on referred to as the gluteals) on the left and the adductor magnus on the right. These muscles are considered antagonists because they produce opposing movements. Which statements correctly describe the action of each muscle?

The gluteals are the abductors, because they move the limb away from the midline. The adductor magnus is the adductor, because its lines of action cross on the medial side of the hip.

Teres minor on the left and the subscapularis on the right. These muscles are considered antagonists because they produce opposing movements. Which statements correctly describe the action of each muscle?

The subscapularis is the medial rotator. The subscapularis is the medial rotator, because its lines of action cross on the anterior side of the shoulder. The teres minor is the lateral rotator.

Suzy is on the swim team and her specialty is butterfly. She wants to improve her stroke by building up her latissimus dorsi. Interestingly, she read that she also needs to build up the synergist muscle, the teres major, because it provides additional pull near the insertion point. helps the latissimus dorsi work efficiently. The teres major is considered a synergist because it does all of the above. assists in starting the movements of the latissimus dorsi.

The teres major is considered a synergist because it does all of the above.

What is thought to happen in a muscle during the response shown in graph (a)?

There is a gradual increase in calcium ion concentration in the sarcoplasm.

A muscle is at its strongest when it is... fully extended somewhere in the middle fully contracted

WRONG fully contracted

The whole deltoid muscle ________ the humerus. flexes pronates abducts inverts rotates

abducts

Considering that the likelihood of nerve damage due to intramuscular injections into bulky muscles with fewer nerves is greatly reduced, into which of the following muscles would you NOT want to receive an intramuscular injection? deltoid adductor longus gluteus medius vastus lateralis

adductor longus

The muscle that adducts the thumb is the extensor digitorum. flexor digitorum profundus. abductor pollicis. flexor pollicis longus. adductor pollicis.

adductor pollicis.

A muscle that opposes the action of another muscle is called its __________. antagonist fixator agonist synergist

antagonist

The insertion end of the biceps brachii muscle of the anterior upper arm is at the proximal end of the muscle. at the distal end of the muscle. the thumb. on the lateral side of the muscle. on the dorsal side of the muscle.

at the distal end of the muscle.

At its insertion (unlike at its origin), the buccinator muscle __________. attaches to fibers of another facial muscle converges on a single process of the mandible attaches at two distinct sites on the bone attaches to a prominent point on the mandible

attaches to fibers of another facial muscle

What physiological process occurs in the structure labeled "7"? *T tubules*

conduction of the action potential into the cell interior

The muscle(s) that adduct(s) the humerus is/are the latissimus dorsi. deltoid. coracobrachialis. coracobrachialis and latissimus dorsi. trapezius.

coracobrachialis and latissimus dorsi.

What source of muscle energy is stored up between contractions and is capable of powering a contraction for perhaps about 10 seconds? myoglobin GTP creatine phosphate glycogen

creatine phosphate

SAME PASSAGE A hiatal hernia develops when abdominal contents protrude into the thoracic cavity through openings in the muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. What is the name of the muscle? diaphragm transverse abdominis the rectus abdominis the serratus anterior

diaphragm

The action of the masseter muscle is to ________ the mandible. abduct open elevate depress flex

elevate

Which of the following describes the action of the digastric muscle? elevates the larynx and depresses the mandible elevates the mandible depresses and retracts the tongue elevates the larynx depresses the larynx

elevates the larynx and depresses the mandible

The capillaries that wrap around each muscle fiber are located within the __________. perimysium epimysium endomysium sarcolemma

endomysium

There are three connective tissue membranes that make up a skeletal muscle. From innermost (around a muscle fiber) to outermost (around the whole organ), they are... endomysium, perimysium, ectomysium epimysium, endomysium, perimysium endomysium, epimysium, perimysium endomysium, perimysium, epimysium

endomysium, perimysium, epimysium

If you bruised your gluteus maximus, you would expect to experience discomfort when laterally rotating your hip. abducting your hip. extending your hip. extending and laterally rotating the hip. flexing your hip.

extending and laterally rotating the hip.

The median nerve innervates all of the following except the palmaris longus. pronator teres. pronator quadratus. flexor carpi radialis. extensor carpi ulnaris.

extensor carpi ulnaris.

The origin of the external obliques includes ribs __________. six through twelve eight through twelve five through twelve seven through twelve

five through twelve

Jill suffers a severe cut that severs the tendon that attaches the insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris. As a result of this injury, what action is difficult for her to perform? flex her elbow flex and adduct her hand flex her shoulder flex her ulna flex her forearm

flex and adduct her hand

Damage to the pectoralis major would interfere with a person's ability to abduct the humerus. extend the forearm. rotate the elbow. flexion of the humerus. elevate the scapula.

flexion of the humerus.

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the ulnar nerves? flexor carpi ulnaris extensor carpi ulnaris flexor carpi radialis extensor carpi radialis longus palmaris longus

flexor carpi ulnaris

Which of the following does not control flexion of the hip? adductor longus gluteus maximus pectineus adductor brevis psoas major

gluteus maximus

The inferior ramus of the pubis is the origin and the medial tibia is the insertion of the ________ muscle. sartorius biceps femoris piriformis vastus intermedius gracilis

gracilis

The muscle group on the posterior thigh is called the ________ group. hamstring extensor adductor quadricep femoris

hamstring

Muscles including the term capitis would be found within or attached to the thorax. abdomen. neck. groin. head.

head.

What is the function of the structure indicated by the arrow? *nucleus*

houses the genetic material (DNA) of the cell

Which of the following muscles has its origin on the hyoid and inserts on the tongue? thyrohyoid sternohyoid geniohyoid hyoglossus lateral pterygoideus

hyoglossus

The knee is protected from lateral movement by the __________. linea alba tensor fasciae latae linea aspera iliotibial tract

iliotibial tract

The ________ muscle allows you to look down. inferior rectus lateral rectus inferior oblique superior rectus medial rectus

inferior rectus

What process does a muscle resort to when it needs to "burn" through glucose fuel faster than oxygen can be supplied? alcohol fermentation aerobic metabolism lactic acid fermentation pyruvate reduction

lactic acid fermentation

When a muscle is exerted anaerobically beyond its conditioned ability, that muscle sometimes feels a "burn" from the buildup of...

lactic acid fermentation

What is the function of the structure indicated by the arrow? *mitochondria*

making of energy (ATP); "power house" of the cell

Which of these muscles is the prime mover of mastication? risorius buccinator platysma masseter

masseter

The ________ muscle is the strongest jaw muscle. medial pterygoid masseter lateral pterygoid pterygoid digastric

masseterq

Muscles located close to the midline of the body may be called distalis. rectus. proximal. medialis. lateralis.

medialis.

A muscle whose fascicles run at an angle to the body axis might be termed __________. rectus lateralis transverse oblique

oblique

Muscles with fibers that run at an angle to the long axis of the body are called transversus. rectus. lateralis. oblique. medialis.

oblique.

The inferior rectus is innervated by which nerve? oculomotor trigeminal trochlear facial abducens

oculomotor

Which of the following is the insertion of the triceps brachii? lateral condyle of the humerus olecranon process of the ulna medial epicondyle of the humerus infraglenoid tuberosity of the scapula base of the second metacarpal

olecranon process of the ulna

Each of the following muscles is involved in the process of chewing or manipulating food in the mouth except the omohyoid. genioglossus. pterygoid. masseter. temporalis.

omohyoid.

The "kissing muscle" that purses the lips is the buccinator. zygomaticus. procerus. orbicularis oris. levator labii.

orbicularis oris.

Which of these is true about the muscle named levator palpebrae superioris? originates at the back of the orbit and raises the upper eyelid elevates the eyebrow raises the upper eyelid lifts the scapula originates at the back of the orbit

originates at the back of the orbit and raises the upper eyelid

When a person has finished exercising, but their heart and breathing rates remain elevated for several minutes to restore homeostasis, we say that person has gone into _______ debt.

oxygen

Which of the following is not a type of fascicle arrangement? circular parallel convergent unipennate palmate

palmate

Muscles with fibers that run parallel to the long axis of the body are called obliquus. lateralis. medialis. rectus. transversus.

rectus.

Muscles of the rotator cuff include all of the following except the supraspinatus. rhomboid. subscapularis. teres minor. infraspinatus.

rhomboid.

What happens to sarcomere length if the zone of overlap is decreased? (Figure 10-14)

sarcomere length increases

The long strap-like muscle on the anterior thigh is the ________ muscle. iliotibial tract sartorius adductor longus gracilis rectus femoris

sartorius

Each of the following terms is a descriptive term for a muscle's action except levator. adductor. extensor. sartorius. pronator.

sartorius.

Contracting the gastrocnemius muscles to elevate the body on the toes involves a ________ lever. first-class second-class third-class fourth-class fifth-class

second-class

Match the level of organization with the structure that surrounds it: Level of organization: skeletal muscle, muscle fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril Surrounding structure: endomysium, epimysium, perimysium, sarcoplasmic reticulum. (Figure 10-6)

skeletal muscle, epimysium; muscle fascicle, perimysium; muscle fiber, endomysium; myofibril, sarcoplasmic reticulum

Which skeletal muscle fiber typeslow or fastcontains more mitochondria? (Figure 10-21)

slow

Which of the following is innervated by the sciatic nerve? soleus plantaris tibialis anterior fibularis longus gasctrocnemius

soleus

The muscle that elevates the larynx is the ________ muscle. masseter platysma buccinator stylohyoid sternocleidomastoid

stylohyoid

Which of the following does not depress the hyoid bone? stylohyoid omohyoid sternohyoid thyrohyoid sternothyroid

stylohyoid

Muscles visible at the body surface are often called profundus. internus. extrinsic. superficialis. intrinsic.

superficialis.

Which eye muscle sends its tendon of origin through a pulley or trochlea before inserting on the globe? inferior rectus inferior oblique superior oblique lateral rectus superior rectus

superior oblique

Which of the following controls abduction at the shoulder? subscapularis supraspinatus infraspinatus teres major teres minor

supraspinatus

Which muscle of mastication originates on the temporal bone? masseter lateral pterygoid temporalis temporoparietalis

temporalis

Which of these muscles elevates the mandible? digastric temporalis zygomatic occipitofrontalis (frontal belly)

temporalis

Someone who can wiggle his ears has good control of his __________ muscles. levator palpebral superioris occipitofrontalis (frontal belly) temporalis temporoparietalis

temporoparietalis

The most common lever systems in the body are those that have the applied force between the fulcrum and the load. These are called ________ levers. first-class second-class third-class fourth-class fifth-class

third-class

A muscle that dorsiflexes the foot is the peroneus brevis. gastrocnemius. tibialis posterior. soleus. tibialis anterior.

tibialis anterior.

A muscle whose name ends in the suffix -glossus would be found within or attached to the tongue. jaw. chin. cheek. lips.

tongue.

The ________ extends the neck. spinalis thoracis splenius trapezius splenius capitis splenius cervicis

trapezius

The middle of the thick filament is the ___ line and the middle of the thin filament is the ___ disc. H; M H; D Z; H M; Z

M; Z

The origin of the hamstring muscles is on the ischial tuberosity; where are their insertions? The biceps, semimembranosus, and the semitendinosus all have insertions on the tibial tuberosity on the medial surface of the tibia. The biceps femoris and semitendinosus both have insertions on the linea aspera of the femur, while the semimembranosus inserts on the linea aspera and also on the tubercle of the femur. The biceps femoris inserts on the anterior superior iliac spine, and both the semimembranosus and the semitendinosus have insertions on the lateral condyle of the femur. The biceps femoris inserts on the head of the fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia, the semimembranosus inserts on the posterior surface of the medial condyle of the tibia, and the semitendinosus inserts on the medial surface of the tibia.

The biceps femoris inserts on the head of the fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia, the semimembranosus inserts on the posterior surface of the medial condyle of the tibia, and the semitendinosus inserts on the medial surface of the tibia.

Muscles visible at the body surface often called externus. profundus. transversus. rectus. oblique.

externus.

Muscles that position or stabilize an organ are called oblique. extrinsic. intrinsic. externus. superficialis.

extrinsic.

The buccinator muscle is innervated by the __________. facial nerve abducens nerve vagus nerve trigeminal nerve

facial nerve

A skeletal muscle belly (organ) is made up of _______, which in turn are bundles of skeletal muscle _______. muscicles; fibrils fibers; fibrils fascicles; fibers

fascicles; fibers

When the fulcrum is located between the load and the force, it is called a ________ lever. first-class second-class third-class fourth-class compound

first-class

The external intercostals elevate the rib cage during __________. both expiration and inspiration neither inspiration nor expiration expiration inspiration

inspiration

A muscle whose fascicles all pull in the same direction is a __________ muscle. pennate parallel convergent divergent

parallel

Most of the skeletal muscles in the body are ________ muscles. convergent straight circular pennate parallel

parallel

The fascicle arrangement that permits the greatest exerted force applied to a tendon is __________. circular convergent pennate parallel

parallel

The type of muscle whose functional characteristics most closely resemble those of its muscle fibers is the ________ muscle. convergent pennate circular divergent parallel

parallel

Which of the following is not a pennate muscle? rectus femoris extensor digitorum longus deltoid pectoralis All of the answers are correct.

pectoralis

In a ________ muscle, the muscle fibers and fascicles lie in a slanted or oblique position to the tendon. parallel divergent convergent circular pennate

pennate

The iliac crest is the origin of the quadratus lumborum. splenius. longissimus cervicis. iliocostalis cervicis. semispinalis capitis.

quadratus lumborum.

The four prominent muscles on the anterior thigh comprise the ________ muscle group. quadriceps femoris adductor rhomboid hamstring gluteal

quadriceps femoris

Given its name, what does the levator anguli oris do? (Figure 11-5) tense the mouth close the eyelids raise the mouth raise the eyebrows raise the eyelids

raise the mouth

Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the sternum? internal oblique scalene rectus abdominis external intercostal internal intercostal

rectus abdominis

During abdominal surgery, the surgeon makes a cut lateral to the linea alba. The muscle that would be cut is the splenius. rectus abdominis. digastric. external abdominal oblique. scalenus.

rectus abdominis.

In complex movements, muscles commonly work in groups rather than individually. The hamstrings flex the knee. Which muscles are antagonists to the hamstrings? adductor brevis and adductor longus rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis iliacus and psoas major biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and sartorius

rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis

Muscles that laterally rotate the thigh include all of the following except the obturator externus. tensor fasciae latae. obturator internus. gluteus maximus. piriformis.

tensor fasciae latae.

The muscle that retracts and elevates the upper lip is the ________ muscle. buccinator masseter orbicularis oris orbicularis oculi zygomaticus minor

zygomaticus minor

MASTERING

Reading Quiz 10b - Muscle MacroPhysiology

MASTERING

Reading Quiz 11a: intro to the skeletal muscles

M A S T E R I N G

Reading Quiz 11c - the appendicular muscles

David is a 25-year-old insurance salesman and avid "weekend warrior" water-skier. He is skiing behind a powerful speedboat with both feet strapped into a wake board when the boat driver hits the throttle. David starts to fall awkwardly to his right. He resists the fall and digs into the board with his right foot. Suddenly he feels an extremely painful, incapacitating pop below his right gluteal region and falls into the water. David is unable to swim; it feels as if his right lower extremity is paralyzed. Fortunately, he is wearing a life vest, and within minutes he is pulled into the boat and rescued. Back at the dock, he finds he cannot flex his knee at all but is able to get around by locking his quads, "hiking" his hip (knee in extension), and doing an "abduction swing" to place his right foot forward while leaning on a friend for support. He cannot sit on his right side. The next evening, massive bruising appears on the entire posterior surface of his thigh and knee. Three weeks later, the bruising and swelling finally begin to resolve, but David can still feel a ball of muscle behind his right knee. One month post-injury, David is still unable to flex his knee. He visits an orthopedist, who immediately schedules him for surgery. David sustained a complete avulsion of his hamstring tendons from their origin on the ischial tuberosity. Hamstrings are part of what class of lever at the knee? The hamstrings are not part of the lever system. The hamstrings are part of a third-class lever, where the applied force is between the load and the fulcrum. The hamstrings are part of a first-class lever, where the fulcrum is between the applied force and the load. The hamstrings are part of a second-class lever, where the load is between the applied force and the fulcrum.

The hamstrings are part of a third-class lever, where the applied force is between the load and the fulcrum.

Which of these muscles adducts the humerus? pectoralis major latissimus dorsi deltoid both pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi

both pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi

Select three sources of *muscle* fatigue from the following five options: build-up of lactic acid depletion of glucose and glycogen stores lack of ATP / excess ADP depletion of ACh in motor synapse difficulty sustaining brain activity to stimulate muscle

build-up of lactic acid depletion of glucose and glycogen stores lack of ATP / excess ADP

Which of the following muscles functions to expel urine or semen in males? superficial transverse perineus levator ani coccygeus anconeus bulbospongiosus

bulbospongiosus

Ryan hears a loud noise and quickly turns his eyes sideways in the direction of the sound. To accomplish this action he must use his ________ muscles. inferior rectus lateral and medial rectus lateral rectus superior rectus medial rectus

lateral and medial rectus

Hernia When the abdominal muscles contract forcefully, pressure in the abdominopelvic cavity can increase dramatically, applying pressure to the internal organs. If the person e xhales at the same time, the pressure is relieved because the diaphragm, the muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities, can move upward as the lungs deflate. But during vigorous isomet ric exercises or when lifting a weight while holding one's breath, pressure in the abdominopelvic cavity can rise to roughly 100 times the normal pressure. A pressure that high can cause a variety of probl ems, including hernia. A hernia develops when a visceral organ or part of an organ protrudes abnormally through an opening in a surrounding muscular wall. There are many types of hernias. Here we will consider only inguinal (groin) hernias and diaphragmatic hernias. In adult males, the spermatic cords penetrate the abdominal musculature through the inguinal canals on their way to the abdominal reproductive organs. In an inguinal hernia, the inguinal canal enlarges, and organs, such as a portion of the intestine, or (more rarely) urinary bladder, enter the inguinal canal. If these structures become trapped or twisted, surgery may be required. In a diaphragmatic hernia, abdominal organs protrude through a weakness in the diaphragm. If these organs protrude through the esophageal hiatus, the passageway used by the esophagus, a hiatal hernia (hi-A-tal; hiatus, opening) exists. Hiatal hernias are very common. Most go unnoticed, although they may increase the gastric acid entry into the esophagus, causing heartburn. An an inguinal hernia, abdominal contents protrude through an enlarged inguinal canal. Which of the following muscles is not superficial to the inguinal canal? external oblique transversus abdominis internal oblique latissimus dorsi

latissimus dorsi

A rigid structure that can change the effective strength of a muscle is called a __________. tendon fulcrum load lever

lever

Individuals who are engaged in repetitive hand movements such as typing or playing the piano may suffer wrist pain, especially during palmar flexion. All of the following are true concerning this condition except that it is called carpal tunnel syndrome. irritates the median nerve. results from inflammation of the carpal retinacula. results from inflammation of the synovial tendon sheaths. never causes muscle weakness.

never causes muscle weakness.

Intramuscular Injections Drugs are commonly injected into muscle or adipose tissues rather than directly into the bloodstream. (Accessing blood vessels may be technically more c omplicated.) An intramuscular (IM) injection introduces a drug into the mass of a large skeletal muscle. Depending on the size of the muscle, up to 5 mL of fluid may be injected at one time. This fairly large volume of drug then enters the circulation gradually. Uptake is generally faster and accompanied by less tissue irritation than when drugs are administered intradermally (injected into the dermis) or subcutaneously (injected into the subcutaneous layer). A decision on the injection technique and the injection site is based on the type of drug and its concentration. For IM injections, the most common complications involve accidental injection into a blood vessel or a nerve. The sudden entry of massive quantities of drug into the bloodstream can have fatal consequences. Damage to a nerve can cause motor paralysis or sensory loss. For these reasons, the site of the injection must be selected with care. Bulky muscles that contain few large vessels or nerves are ideal sites. The gluteus medius or the posterior, lateral, superior part of the gluteus maximus muscle is commonly selected. The deltoid muscle of the arm, about 2.5 cm (1 in.) distal to the acromion, is another effective site. From a technical point of view, the vastus lateralis of the thigh is a good site. Injections into this thick muscle will not encounter vessels or nerves but may cause pain later when the muscle is used in walking. This is the preferred injection site in infants before they start walking, as their gluteal and deltoid muscles are relatively small. The site is also used in elderly patients or others with atrophied gluteal and deltoid muscles. During an intramuscular injection temporary paralysis of the deltoid muscle occurred. Which of the following nerves was accidentally pierced during this injection? the pectoralis nerve the musculocutaneous nerves the accessory nerve (N XI) the axillary nerve

the axillary nerve

Which of the following statements correctly describes the structure (band or line) of the sarcomere indicated by the arrow? *Z Line*

the boundary between adjacent sarcomeres

Tom, a trumpet player, asks you which muscles he should develop in order to be a better trumpeter. What would you tell him? the orbicularis oris and risorius the levator labii and mentalis the risorius and zygomaticus the buccinator and orbicularis oris the masseter and buccinator

the buccinator and orbicularis oris

Which of the following is the insertion of the pectoralis major? the clavicle and scapula the vertebral border near the spine the greater tubercle of the humerus the mastoid region of the skull the occipital bone of the skull

the greater tubercle of the humerus

The scalenes have their origin on the transverse and costal processes of cervical vertebrae. superior border of the next rib. inferior border of the previous rib. cartilages of the ribs. thoracodorsal fascia and iliac crest.

transverse and costal processes of cervical vertebrae

The muscle that inserts on the acromion and scapular spine is the levator scapulae. pectoralis minor. trapezius. sternocleidomastoid. serratus anterior.

trapezius.

What is the contraction in graph (a) called?

treppe

The muscle that extends the forearm when doing push-ups is the pectorals. brachialis. triceps. biceps. deltoid.

triceps.

The thin filament is made of which of these proteins? (choose all that apply) myosin tropomyosin dystrophin actin troponin

tropomyosin actin troponin