Biology 1 Study Guide
Which of the following processes is an example of active transport?
A cell moves glucose into the cell by using some of the cell's energy
Which of the following is a requirement for diffusion to take place?
A concentration gradient
The gill cells of a saltwater fish use active transport to move sodium ions out of the cells. The gill cells MOST likely use which of the following to remove sodium ions against the concentration gradient?
A transport protein
What is phagocytosis?
A type of end oxytocin in which the cell takes in large particles
What term describes the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration?
Active transport
Why would an animal cell burst if it is surrounded by fresh water?
Because water will move into the cell
What characteristics do mitochondria and chloroplasts share?
Both have DNA and external and internal membranes
How are large molecules like carbohydrates moved through the cell membrane?
By carrier proteins
Oxygen-rich blood is pumped from the heart to the rest of the body. The oxygen concentration in the tissue is less than the oxygen concentration of the blood. How does oxygen get from the blood to the cells in the tissue?
By diffusion
What structure is found in plant cells but not in animal?
Cell Wall
What term describes the difference in concentration of a substance from one location to another?
Concentration gradient
How does diffusion differ from end oxytocin and exocytosis?
Diffusion does not require energy input from the cell
Which of the following describes the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion through a cellular membrane?
Diffusion moves particles in the direction of the concentration gradient, but facilitated diffusion moves particles against the concentration gradient.
An amoeba is a single-called organisms. It acquires food by surrounding the food particle with its cellular membrane and bringing the particle into its "body". Which of the following terms describes this process?
Endocytosis
Particles that are too large to pass through the cell membrane can get into a cell by which of the following processes?
Endocytosis
To get larger particles out of a cell, the cell uses which process?
Exocytosis
Which of the following processes requires cellular energy?
Exocytosis
A gland cell releases hormones through the process of exocytosis. Which of the following statements is true?
Exocytosis is an example of active transport and requires the use of cellular energy.
Which part(s) of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?
Fatty acid tails
During diffusion, how do molecules move?
From an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Billy Bob's grandmother is making pickles. She puts slices of fresh cucumber into a solution of sugar, salt, and vinegar. The cucumber slices get smaller. What type of solution is the sugar, salt, and vinegar?
Hypertonic
Water will move out of a cell which it is placed in which type of solution?
Hypertonic
In which kind of solution would water move from the solution into the cell?
Hypotonic
What does it mean for a phospholipid membrane to be selectively permeable?
It allows some materials to pass but not others
Why is osmosis a type of passive transport?
It does not require any of the cell's energy
Why is diffusion a type of passive transport?
It does not require any of the cell's energy.
During passive transport, how does a cell use energy?
It does not use any of its own energy.
What is the function of the nucleus?
It stores information
With active transport, how does a cell use energy?
It uses some of its own energy.
What happens to a cell that is placed in a hypertonic solution?
More water passes out of the cell than into the cell through the cell membrane
How does facilitated diffusion differ from diffusion?
No energy is needed to move molecules through the cell membrane.
Is energy required to move oxygen molecules across the cell membrane, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
No, oxygen diffuses across the cell membrane, which does not require energy.
What does a eukaryotic cell have that a prokaryotic cell does not?
Organelles
What is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane called?
Osmosis
What term describes the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane down a concentration gradient?
Osmosis
Which of the following processes describes the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane to equalize a difference in solute concentrations?
Osmosis
What materials makes up a cell membrane?
Phospholipids, Cholesterol, and Proteins
Structures in a cell membrane that help particles to move into and out of a cell during active transport are made of what?
Protein
Which of the following primarily makes up the cell membrane?
Proteins
What type of membrane allows some, but not all, materials to cross?
Selectively Permeable
What happens to a cell that is placed in an isotonic solution?
There is no net movement of water across the cell membrane
For which of the following reasons would a cell use the process of exocytosis?
To excrete a hormone out of the cell
Through what type of proteins does active transport occur?
Transport proteins
Which is not a function of the cytoskeleton?
Transports wastes outside of the cell
Which organelle is a membrane-bound sac that divides material from the rest of the cell and transports material around the cell?
Vesicle
Osmosis always involves the movement of what?
Water molecules
Which of the following substances MUST easily travel across a cell membrane?
Water molecules
When does diffusion occur across a cell membrane?
When the concentration of particles is different on each side of the membrane