Biology 101 chapter #8 Mitosis

The diagram represents ______ in a prokaryotic cell.

Binary fission Reason: Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus so they don't technically undergo mitosis, but the process of binary fission is similar.

Chromatin is composed of

DNA and protein

Beginning in prophase, spindle fibers form and attach to to opposite sides of a replicated ______.

chromosome

Eukaryotes have ______ compared to that in prokaryotes because eukaryotes have more DNA than prokaryotes and eukaryotic DNA is wound tightly around proteins.

more complex cell division Reason: Prokaryotes undergo binary cell division, rather than mitosis, because they lack a nucleus.

Cell division through binary fission is carried out by

prokaryotes

The diagram represents cell division in a(n) ______ organism.

prokaryotic

Mitosis produces ______ daughter cells, each of which is ______ with regard to chromosome number.

two; diploid

How does cytokinesis occur in an animal cell?

A cleavage furrow forms at the edge of the cell and pinches inward.

chromosomes are a pair of the same chromosome, one inherited from the mother and one inherited from the father, while ______ chromatids are the two replicated copies of a single chromosome held together with a centromere.

Homologous; sister

Trisomy is a condition in which an individual has

an extra chromosome

The diagram represents a cell in ______.

anaphase

Nucleosomes are formed

by the DNA duplex wrapped around eight histone proteins

During cytokinesis in plant cells, membrane components assemble in the cell interior to form an expanding partition called a

cell plate

A human chromosome that is not condensed, when laid out would be about 5 ______ long.

centimeters

In addition to chromosomes, what other cell structure replicates during interphase in animal cells?

centrioles

After a chromosome replicates, sister chromatids are joined by a linkage site called a ______.

centromere

The knoblike, linkage region of a chromosome is called the , ---------which is the site where sister chromatids remain joined after chromosome replication.

centromere

Chromosomes are composed of ___________, which is a complex of DNA and protein

chromatin

Salamander cells, a primitive microscope, and a German scientist named Walther Fleming are all associated with the discovery of cellular structures called ______.

chromosomes

Select all of the characteristics of metaphase.

chromosomes align on a plane in center of cell microtubules are attached to each side of the centromeres

What process is completed during interphase?

chromosomes are replicated

Select all of the characteristics of prophase.

network of spindle fibers begins to form between centrosomes nuclear envelope dismantled condensed chromosomes first become visible

Select all of the characteristics of telophase.

nucleolus reappears mitotic spindle disassembles nuclear envelope reforms

A complex within chromatin consisting of DNA wrapped around eight histone proteins is called a ______.

nucleosome

When a chromosome is replicated, two identical copies called ______ are produced and remain attached at the centromere.

sister chromatids

Cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm during cell division, occurs directly after ______.

telophase

During which phase of mitosis does a new nuclear membrane form?

telophase

Interphase of a eukaryotic cell contains

three phases (G1, S, and G2)

Having three of a particular chromosome is a condition called ______.

trisomy

How many of each type of chromosome does a diploid cell have?

two

humans have _______pairs of chromosomes

23

The diagram shows a cell in ______.

Prophase

Select all the true statements about chromosomes.

-The cells that chromosomes were first observed in were salamander larval cells. -Mitosis is based on the Greek word "mitos", meaning thread .-Chromosomes were first observed by Walther Flemming in 1879.

Put the levels of chromatin coiling into increasing order of compaction, beginning with the simplest, least compact organization of chromatin at the top.

1. DNA double helix coiled around histone2. nucleosome complex3. solenoid4. looped domains connected to scaffold protein5. rosettes of radial loops around scaffold of protein6. compacted chromosome

Rank the following stages of the M phase from the first phase that occurs in a dividing cell (at the top) through the fourth phase that occurs (at the bottom).

1: prophase 2: Metaphase 3:anaphase 4: telophase

In a human, diploid cell, the total number of chromosomes before DNA replication is ______, while the total number of chromatids in a cell after replication, but before mitosis is ______.

46;92

Match the letter from the diagram of a prokaryotic cell cycle with its correct description.

A: DNA replication B: DNA partitioning C:cell fission

Match the letter on the left with its correct structure on the diagram of chromosomes.

A: homologous chromosome B: centromere C: sister chromatid

What term refers to having two of each type of chromosome in the nucleus of a cell?

Diploid

Cell division in eukaryotes is more complex than in prokaryotes. Select all of the reasons for this. Multiple select question.

DNA in eukaryotes is wound tightly around proteins that condense into chromosomes eukaryotes contain more DNA than prokaryotes

Match the order (first to third) of events that take place in a prokaryotic cell cycle.

First:DNA replication Second: DNA partitioning Third: cell fission

Select the correct sequence of the phases of the cell cycle.

G1, S, G2, M, C

Match each phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle with its correct description.

G1: main growth phase of interphase, and often the longest phase of a cell's life span S: phase of interphase in which DNA replicates G2: Phase of interphase in which organelles replicate, chromosome condensation begins, and synthesis of microtubules takes place. M: microtubules bind to replicated chromosomes and pull them apart C:cytoplasm divides, creating two daughters cells.

Eukaryotic chromosomes exist in cells as pairs called ______ chromosomes.

Homologous.

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase occur in what phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

M

A cell division process called divides the DNA in sexually reproductive germ line cells and results in the production of gametes.

Meiosis

A typical human chromosome contained about 140 ______ nucleotides in its DNA.

Million

is the mechanism of cell division that occurs in a eukaryotic organism's nonreproductive cells.

Mitosis

have between 10 and 50 chromosomes in their body cells.

Most eukaryotes

Match the phase of mitosis with its correct description.

Prophase: chromosomes condense; nuclear envelope breaks down Metaphase: chromosomes line up on the central plane of the cell Anaphase: centromeres divide; chromatids move to the poles telophase: chromosomes uncoil; new nuclear envelopes form

A replicated chromosome consists of two identical _______ , Correct Unavailable chromatids joined at the centromere.

Sister

Most species of eukaryotes contain about ______ chromosomes in their body cells.

______ have between 10 and 50 chromosomes in their body cells.

In animal cell cytokinesis, a belt of actin filaments called the ______ begins contracting at the cell exterior and progressively pinches the cytoplasm inward.

cleavage furrow

Histones are proteins that play a role in the ______.

coiling of DNA in chromatin

Select all of the characteristics of prophase.

condensed chromosomes first become visible nuclear envelope dismantled network of spindle fibers begins to form between centrosomes

The division of the cytoplasm in a cell after mitosis is called

cytokinesis

Prokaryotes divide by a process called binary

fission

Negatively charged DNA in chromatin is able to tightly coil into a chromosome by first wrapping around positively charged ______ proteins, eight of which then form a complex called a ______ every 200 nucleotides, and these complexes are further coiled into solenoids, loops, and rosettes of radial loops.

histone; nucleosome

The positively charged proteins that DNA wraps around are called ______.

histones

Pairs of chromosomes in somatic cells that carry information about the same traits are called ______.

homologous chromosomes

Centrioles, if present, replicate during ______.

interphase

Chromosomes undergo replication and begin to condense during a phase of the cell cycle called ______.

interphase

A-----is a display of condensed chromosomes.

karyotype

Scientists examine chromosomes by size, shape, and centromere location and create an arrangement of the chromosomes called a ______.

karyotype

In sexually reproducing organisms, the type of eukaryotic cell division that results in the production of gametes from germ cells is called ______.

meiosis

In plant cell cytokinesis, ______ are deposited by vesicles to form a cell plate that grows outward and eventually divides the two daughter cells.

membrane components

The diagram depicts a cell in

metaphase

Select all of the characteristics of metaphase.

microtubules are attached to each side of the centromeres chromosomes align on a plane in center of cell

Select all of the characteristics of anaphase.

microtubules drag daughter chromosomes toward opposite poles sister chromatids separate

Spindle fibers are made of ______, and they extend between poles of the cell and also attach to opposite sides of the ______ of each chromatid.

microtubules; centromere

The mechanism of eukaryotic cell division that occurs in an organism's somatic cells is called

mitosis