Biology 101 - Midterm (Units 1-4)

Which of the three domains contain(s) prokaryotic organisms? Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya Archaea Bacteria and Archaea Eukarya Bacteria

Bacteria and Archaea

A couple has three children, two of which have blonde hair. The third child and both parents have dark hair. What can be determined about the gene for hair color in this family? Blonde hair color;is a sex-linked recessive trait. Blonde hair color is an autosomal recessive trait. Blonde hair color;conveys a lethal mutation. Blonde hair color is an autosomal dominant trait. Blonde hair color is a sex-linked dominant trait.

Blonde hair color is an autosomal recessive trait.

What characteristic is common of both a genetic bottleneck and a founder effect? Both affect the entire population. Both are a type of natural selection. Both involve a portion of a population becoming isolated. Both involve a decrease in a population's genetic diversity. Both encounter a population crash.

Both involve a decrease in a population's genetic diversity.

Most dinosaurs became extinct at the end of which of the following periods of the Mesozoic? Cretaceous Permian Devonian Jurassic Triassic

Cretaceous

The central dogma of molecular biology states that the information contained within genes flows in which direction? DNA to tRNA to mRNA to protein DNA to DNA to protein DNA to rRNA to protein DNA to mRNA to protein mRNA to DNA to protein

DNA to mRNA to protein

Analogous structures are always evidence of common ancestry. True False

False

The artificial selection of different breeds of dogs is an example of speciation. True False

False

Parents with the dominant phenotype cannot have offspring with the recessive phenotype. False, because one parent could carry the recessive allele. True, because both parents have the dominant allele. False, because both parents could carry the recessive allele. True, because the dominant gene must be passed down from each parent. True, because at least one dominant gene will be passed down from each parent.

False, because both parents could carry the recessive allele.

What are all possible gametes that can be produced by an individual with the following genotype: FFGg? FG, Fg, fG, fg Fg Fg, fG FF Fg, FG

Fg, FG

Many species of finches, tortoises, cacti, and iguanas are found on the Galápagos Islands and nowhere else in the world. Which physical attribute of these islands has not played a role in permitting such unique life forms to evolve? Food is plentiful and diverse on every island. The islands are small compared to the South American mainland. Multiple islands exist. There is geographic isolation from mainland species. Each island has its own unique environment.

Food is plentiful and diverse on every island.

Red-green color blindness is a recessive X-linked trait. If a female is red-green color-blind, which of the following is true? Both her parents must be color-blind. Her father must be color-blind. Her mother must be color-blind. Both her parents are carriers of the recessive allele. Women cannot exhibit red-green color blindness because they have two X chromosomes.

Her father must be color-blind.

How is the mycelium a valuable adaptation for a fungus? -It provides a vast surface area for the generation of spores. -It provides physical support for the fragile sporophyte generation. -It provides a strong anchor for the fungus. -It discourages animals from feeding on the fungus. -It provides a large surface area for the absorption of nutrients and moisture.

It provides a large surface area for the absorption of nutrients and moisture.

Why are green algae placed in the kingdom Protista, while plants are given their own kingdom? -All plants are vascular, while all green algae are nonvascular. -Green algae have a cell wall of chitin, while plants have cell walls of cellulose. -Plants enclose and protect the embryo within the female plant, while green algae do not. -The green algae use chlorophyll a, while plants use chlorophyll -Algae are sporophytes that reproduce only asexually, while plants are gametophytes and reproduce sexually.

Plants enclose and protect the embryo within the female plant, while green algae do not.

What do transitional fossils illustrate? Shared ancestral traits. Natural selection happened long ago just as it does today. Convergent evolution occurred in the ancient past. All transitional links are now extinct. All life is related.

Shared ancestral traits

Which is not an important characteristic of the Galápagos Islands in the context of Darwin's theory of evolution? The organisms on the islands were similar to those observed in South America. The multiple islands all had an identical environment. The islands were too far from mainland South America for most terrestrial plants and animals to colonize. The organisms on the islands were different from those observed in South America. The organisms on the islands varied from island to island.

The multiple islands all had an identical environment.

If a population recovers to its original population size after experiencing a bottleneck, which statement is correct regarding this population? The recovered population is more likely to go extinct as is the population prior to the bottleneck. The recovered population is as likely to go extinct as is the population prior to the bottleneck. The recovered population shows less genetic diversity than the population prior to the bottleneck. The bottleneck subjected the population to directional selection. The recovered population shows more genetic diversity than the population prior to the bottleneck.

The recovered population shows less genetic diversity than the population prior to the bottleneck.

Cladograms show the sequence of evolution of the characters in a clade. True False

True

Two organisms present in the same genus are usually more closely related to each other than to organisms in other genera. True False

True

________ is the vascular tissue that conducts water and minerals from a plant's roots to its leaves. Endosperm Xylem Corolla Hypha Phloem

Xylem

A clade includes which of the following? a common ancestor and all its descendant species one taxon with shared derived characters an ingroup only an ancestor and all its descendant species, and taxa with shared derived characters an outgroup and an ingroup

a common ancestor and all its descendant species

Which event was not involved in the Permian mass extinction? dramatic environmental change a large meteor impact a decrease in the amount of shallow marine habitat shifting wind patterns shifting ocean currents

a large meteor impact

Convert 1750 ml to liters. a.) 1.750 b.) .1750 c.) 17.50 d.) 1750 *Hint: King Henry Died Unusually Drinking Chocolate Milk

a.) 1.750

How many pieces of plastic were found on the beach? https://drive.google.com/file/d/1emmR0pXlTGG9gyg72crWTQRSYSgu-IIg/view?usp=sharing a.) 5000 b.) 10000 c.) 6000 d.) 100

a.) 5000

Which states have less than 100 endangered species? https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AcWyTePXqdzF7VEBst0OAbEQv-njtd0i/view?usp=sharing a.) Alabama, Texas, Tennessee b.) Hawaii and California c.) Tenneesee d.) Florida, California, and Hawaii

a.) Alabama, Texas, Tennessee

Which species of bacteria is likely to die out? https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cAJwkGRMwNFxD37T9_gztsOlN34Mws_b/view?usp=sharing a.) P. caudatum b.) Both species c.) Neither species d.) P. aurelia

a.) P. caudatum

Scientists were studying temperature selection among pregnant big brown bats. What would the test group be in this experiment? a.) pregnant bats b.) male bats c.) female bats that were not pregnant d.) juvenile female bats e.) juvenile male bats

a.) pregnant bats

Apples, oranges, peanuts, and rice grains are produced by angiosperms. charophytes. bryophytes. lycophytes. gymnosperms.

angiosperms

Which of these worms are segmented? planarians All worms are segmented. annelids roundworms flukes

annelids

Shared derived traits are shared only by common ancestors. are homologies found between the ingroup and the outgroup. are shared by all organisms on the cladogram. are found within members of the outgroup. are homologies found only in certain members of the ingroup.

are homologies found only in certain members of the ingroup.

Convert 0.75 g to mg a.) 7500 b.) 750 c.) 75 d.) 7.5 *Hint: King Henry Died Unusually Drinking Chocolate Milk

b.) 750

Which is the largest, most diverse group of arthropods? a.) crustaceans b.) insects c.) millipedes d.) arachnids e.) centipedes

b.) insects

Which of these has radial symmetry? a.) human b.) jellyfish c.) planarian d.) nudibranch e.) roundworm

b.) jellyfish

The fact that DNA is the molecule containing the genetic code for all life on Earth is a part of comparative embryological evidence. evidence of artificial selection. biochemical evidence. biogeographical evidence. comparative anatomical evidence.

biochemical evidence.

Which are the most numerous and diverse vertebrates? reptiles bony fishes lancelets mammals cartilaginous fishes

bony fishes

Which variable will determine the coat color in Himalayan rabbits? -neither the environment nor genes will play a role in determining coat color -the genetics will determine it 100% -the environment will determine it 100% -both the genetics and environment will determine the coat color-

both the genetics and environment will determine the coat color

Convert 0.75 mg to g. a.) 0.075 b.) 75 c.) 0.00075 d.) 7.5 *Hint: King Henry Died Unusually Drinking Chocolate Milk

c.) 0.00075

Which of the following statements is not correctly matched with the given scientific method term? a.) A researcher reported that red-foot tortoises preferred red-colored fruits and vegetables to those that were green or white. (Conclusion) b.) Bethany watched butterflies feeding in a large field of wild flowers. She noticed that more butterflies approached the yellow and purple flowers than the red flowers. (Observation) c.) All organisms are comprised of cells. (Data collection) d.) Biologists suggested that 2-3 cups of coffee per day can decrease death rates among women. (Hypothesis) e.) Leslie set up mist nets to catch bats flying over a small stream. Each bat that was caught was weighed and sexed. (Experimental design)

c.) All organisms are comprised of cells. (Data collection)

In science, a theory a.) is more narrow in scope than a hypothesis. b.) is held to be an absolutely correct answer to a question. c.) encompasses many hypotheses d.) is tested by an experiment. e.) cannot be tested.

c.) encompasses many hypotheses

When comparing chick and pig embryos, the similar eyes, pharyngeal pouches, and postanal tails are evidence of artificial selection. analogy. convergent evolution. biogeography. common ancestry.

common ancestry.

Convert 500 mg to g. a.) 0.05 b.) 5000 c.) 50 d.) 0.5 *Hint: King Henry Died Unusually Drinking Chocolate Milk

d.) 0.5

Convert 2.5 kg to g. a.) 250 b.) 25 c.) 0.025 d.) 2500 *Hint: King Henry Died Unusually Drinking Chocolate Milk

d.) 2500

How many wolves were there in 1980? https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mUXqUOSCYf2C_-cPCO5tlnDIC9EbU0PK/view?usp=sharing a.) 750 b.) 1000 c.) 500 d.) 50

d.) 50

Convert 0.539 g to mg. a.) 5.39 b.) 5390 c.) 53.90 d.) 539 *Hint: King Henry Died Unusually Drinking Chocolate Milk

d.) 539

What does this image show? https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Od5Gzo55q0GOEUl_q2m3Jtxb_U6ZFJvt/view?usp=sharing a.) Whitetail deer feeding habits b.) Whitetail deer exponential growth rate c.) Whitetail deer death rates d.) Carrying capacity for whitetail deer from 1985 to 1995

d.) Carrying capacity for whitetail deer from 1985 to 1995

Which of the following lists the terms from simplest to most complex? a.) organ systems, tissues, cells, organism, organs b.) tissues, organs, organ systems, organism, cells c.) cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, organism d.) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism e.) organs, organ system, organism, cells, tissues

d.) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

Which unit would be best to measure the length of a car? a.) inches b.) cetimeters c.) kilometers d.) meters

d.) meters

Which of the following is not an example of artificial selection? different styles of potatoes; fried, mashed, baked, etc. different breeds of dogs; poodle, basset hound, Chihuahua, Great Dane, etc. different types of tomatoes; roma, beefsteak, grape, cherry, etc. different breeds of cats; Siamese, Persian, Himalayan, American shorthair, etc. different varieties of roses; yellow, pink, red, thornless, climbing, etc.

different styles of potatoes; fried, mashed, baked, etc.

Which of the following lists the levels of taxonomic classification in order from the most inclusive to the least inclusive? genus - family - order - class - phylum phylum - order - class - family - species domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order genus - order - family - class - phylum family - order - class - phylum - kingdom

domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order

Prokaryotes belong to ________ a.) Kingdom Protista. b.) Domain Eukarya. c.) Kingdom Animalia. d.) Kingdom Plantae. e.) Domain Archaea.

e.) Domain Archaea.

Which of these is a bivalve? a.) conch b.) snail c.) squid d.) octoupus e.) clam

e.) clam

Which of the following is the most encompassing level of organization? a.) class b.) cells c.) species d.) population e.) ecosystem

e.) ecosystem

Which of the following correctly lists the classification categories from least to most inclusive? a.)species, genus, family, class, order, domain, phylum, kingdom b.) kingdom, phylum, domain, class, order family, genus, species c.) phylum, species, genus, kingdom, domain, order, class, family d.) domain, kingdom, class, order, family, phylum, genus, species e.) species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

e.) species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

Which geological timescale contains the greatest number of years? decades periods eras centuries epochs

eras

What characteristics of Archaeopteryx tell us that it is a link to reptiles and birds? teeth and a tail with vertebrae feathers and teeth tail with vertebrae teeth feathers

feathers and teeth

A blue-eyed, left-handed woman marries a brown-eyed, right-handed man who is heterozygous for both of his traits. If blue eyes and left-handedness are recessive, how many different phenotypes are possible in their children? three five four two one

four

Which of the following is an example of a phenotype? freckles Gg AAGg AA Ag

freckles

All of the genes and all of their associated alleles within a population represent the population's genome. gene flow. gene pool. genotype. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

gene pool

Afraction of the original green frog population survives to reproduce and generate a new population. If the survivors of the original population survived by chance, then this event is an example of gene flow. genetic drift. founder effect. natural selection. industrial melanism.

genetic drift.

Pinus strobus is the scientific name for the white pine. Pinus is the _______. binomial name. family name. genus. specific epithet. order name.

genus.

Which of these would be best able to reproduce during a period with little to no rainfall? ferns lycophytes No plants can reproduce except during rainy weather. bryophytes gymnosperms

gymnosperms

A(n) _____ is an individual animal that possesses both male and female sex organs. acoelomate larva hermaphrodite deuterostome cephalopod

hermaphrodite

A shared ancestral characteristic used in cladistics is found only in the most distant ancestor. in two of the outgroups. only among the members of the ingroup. only in the two most recent ancestors. in both the outgroup and the ingroup.

in both the outgroup and the ingroup.

Pollen grains are embryonic sporophytes. encapsulated ovules. female gametophytes. male gametophytes. megaspores.

male gametophytes.

Evolutionary relationships between organisms are determined by molecular evidence, anatomical homologies, and fossil records. molecular evidence, anatomical analogies, and fossil records. molecular evidence, anatomical homologies, anatomical analogies, and fossil records. molecular evidence and anatomical homologies. molecular evidence and fossil records.

molecular evidence, anatomical homologies, and fossil records.

Which of these would you expect to thrive in areas with abundant moisture? mosses and ferns but not lycophytes lycophytes only mosses, ferns, and lycophytes mosses only ferns only

mosses, ferns, and lycophytes

Cyanobacteria are important producers, more specifically called photoheterotrophs. photoautotrophs. saproautotrophs. chemoautotrophs. saprotrophs.

photoautotrophs

Which feature is believed to have been the first step in the evolution of land plants from the green algae? evolution of seeds evolution of flowers in order to attract pollinators evolution of microphylls protection of the embryo evolution of vascular tissue

protection of the embryo

Which of the following is not thought to have contributed to the many mass extinction events that have occurred throughout Earth's history? continental drift meteorite impacts habitat loss plate tectonics punctuated equilibrium

punctuated equilibrium

Fitness refers to the physical health of an individual. the variation in traits within the population. the physical health of a population. mutations that benefit an organism's survival. reproductive success.

reproductive success.

Microevolution is the term that applies to which of the following? any evolution at any scale large-scale changes over a long period of time small-scale changes over a short period of time changes of any scale within microorganisms small-scale changes over a long period of time

small-scale changes over a short period of time

Linked genes always assort independently. are found on homologous chromosomes. tend to be close together on a single chromosome. never cross over during prophase I. undergo crossing-over of sister chromatids at a high rate.

tend to be close together on a single chromosome

During meiosis, each pair of alleles on the homologous chromosomes sorts independently from all other pairs of alleles. This statement corresponds to gene theory. the law of probability. the law of segregation. the rule of multiplication. the law of independent assortment.

the law of independent assortment.

When hiking high in the mountains, you find fossil marine shells lying about. This provides evidence that the mountain top was once under the ocean and has been uplifted. marine animals are not restricted to living in the ocean. someone brought the shells to the top of the mountain. very high ocean waves brought the shells to the top of the mountain. shelled marine animals live on the top of mountains.

the mountain top was once under the ocean and has been uplifted.

The presence of vestigial organs supports evidence of evolution because the vestigial organ is similar to a functional organ in a related species, having been passed down from a common ancestor. the vestigial organs represent variation in a species. the vestigial organ could not have been passed down from an ancestor. the vestigial organ is unique to one species. both the vestigial organ and the functional organ perform the same function.

the vestigial organ is similar to a functional organ in a related species, having been passed down from a common ancestor.

The fermentation capabilities of ________ are used to produce bread and alcoholic beverages. molds chytrids lichens yeasts mycorrhizal fungi

yeasts