Biology 1201 Final Exam Review
This process produces CO2. A. mitochondrial electron transport B. the citric acid cycle C. glycolysis D. answers a and b are correct E. All of the above answers are correct
B. the citric acid cycle
Which enzyme or complex is responsible for making of protein during translation? A. Catalase B. the ribosome C. DNA polyerase I D. RNA polymerase E. DNA polymerase III
B. the ribosome
How many CO2 molecules are produced when one glucose molecule is completely utilized in the process of alcohol fermentation. A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 4 E. 6
C. 2
Maltose is two glucose units linked together. What is its= formula? A. C6H12O6 B. C12H24O12 C. C12H22O11 D. C11H22O11 E. C6H10O5
C. C12H22O11
Which is an example of a carbohydrate? A. insulin B. tubulin C. maltose D. triglyceride E. ATP
C. maltose
This enzyme separates the two DNA strands to unwind them. A. DNA polymerase III B. DNA ligase C. Primase D. Helicase E. DNA polymerase I
D. Helicase
What is the OH- concentration of the cola in the preceding (1x10^-4 M H+)question? A. 4 M B. 7 M C. 1x10^-4 M D. 1x10^-7 E. 1x10^-10 M
E. 1x10^-10 M
How many CO2 molecules are produced when one glucose molecule is completely utilized in the process of aerobic respiration? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 4 E. 6
E. 6
COmpare the processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis in humans. Which process takes longer? A. spermatogenesis takes much longer (days or more) than oogenesis B. spermatogenesis takes only a little longer (hours or less) than oogenesis C. spermatogenesis takes about the same time as oogenesis D. oogenesis takes only a little longer (hours or less) than spermatogenesis E. oogenesis takes much longer (days or ore) than spermatogenesis
E. oogenesis takes much longer (days or more) than spermatogenesis
We saw a white blood cell engulf a bacterium in a video on Thursday. What type of transport is occurring? A. simple diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. active transport D. endocytosis E. phagocytosis
E. phagocytosis
Which organelle prevents small charged molecules like Na+ from rapidly entering the cell? A. mitochondria B. nucleus C. cell wall D. lysosome E. plasma membrane
E. plasma membrane
A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound? A. it should dissolve in water B. it is probably a lipid C. it should dissolve in olive oil D. it won't form hydrogen bonds with water E. all of the above answers are correct
A. it should dissolve in water
Dog intestinal cells have 78 chromosomes. How many chromosomes do dog sperm cells have? A. 23 B. 39 C. 46 D. 78 E. 156
B. 39
The H+ gradient across a membrane drives ____ and occurs in ____. A. ATP formation; the mitochondrion and the chloroplast B. ATP formation; the mitochondrion C. ATP formation; the chloroplast D. NADPH formation; the chloroplast E. NADH formation; the mitochondrion
A. ATP formation; the mitochondrion and the chloroplast
Which one of the following functional groups is weak base? A. R-NH2 B. R-SH C. R-COOH D. R-OH E. ALl of the above are weak bases
A. R-NH2
Cyanide binds to cytochrome oxidase at the same site as O2 blocking the enzyme. What type of molecule is cyanide? A. a competitive inhibitor B. a non-competitive inhibitor C. a beta-blocker D. an allosteric substrate E. a nucleotide
A. a competitive inhibitor
While at the store you buy some celery. The cells in the celery stalks are ____. A. alive B. alive but metabolically inactive C. dead D. dead but they might come back to life if you planted or left it in the cabinet for awhile. E. ready for revenge in the attack of the zombie celery!
A. alive
A molecule that has all nonpolar covalent bonds would be _____. A. Hydrophobic B. Hydrophilic C. Acidic D. Basic E. ionic
A. hydrophobic
Chlorine atoms tend to form ___ bonds. A. ionic B. covalent C. Hydrogen D. extracellular E. emotional
A. ionic
You have a friend that recently lost fifteen pounds. Where did the fat go? A. It was released as CO2 and H2O B. Chemical energy was converted to heat and then released C. it was converted to ATP which weighs less than fat D. It was broken down to amino acids and eliminated from the body E. It was converted to urine and eliminated from the body
A. it was released as CO2 and H2O
A gene on the Y chromosome produces hairy ears. If a man has this trait, what is the chance that his daughter will have hairy ears? A. no chance B. 25% chance C. 50% chance D. 75% chance E. 100% chance
A. no chance
A woman is homozygous normal for the color blind trait and her husband is colorblind. What percentage of the children will be color blind? A. none of the children will be color blind B. none of the girls will be color blind but one quarter of the boys will be color blind C. none of the girls will be color blind but one half of the boys will be color blind D. none of the girls will be color blind but all of the boys will be color blind E. one half of the girls and one half of the boys will be color blind
A. none of the children will be color blind
What type of biological molecule(s) is/are inserted into bacteria by bacteriophages to start the viral infection? A. nucleic acids only B. protein only C. carbohydrate only D. nucleic acids and protein E. the entire virus enters the bacteria
A. nucleic acids only
This contains the vast majority of the cell's DNA. A. nucleus B. vacuole C. mitochondria D. cytoskeleton E. all of the above
A. nucleus
In the reaction pyruvate + NAD+--> acetyl-CoA + CO2 +NADH + H+, which of the reactants has been oxidized? A. pyruvate has been oxidized B. NAD+ has been oxidized C. both pyruvate and NAD+ have been oxidized D. None of the reactants were oxidized both pyruvate and NAD+ were reduced E. There is no oxygen, therefore no oxidation has occurred.
A. pyruvate has been oxidized
This enzyme links two pieces of DNA together. A. DNA polymerase III B. DNA ligase C. Primase D. Helicase E. DNA polymerase I
B. DNA ligase
COnsider the DNA sequence: 5' ATGCGGCATTAA 3'. What would the sequence of the complementary strand be? A. UUAAUGCCGCAU B. TTAATGCCGCAT C. AUCGCCGUAAUU D. TACGCCGTAATT E. AUGAUCCUCGAU
B. TTAATGCCGCAT
The making of an exact copy of DNA is called ____. A. DNA excitation B. transcription C. DNA replication D. Crossover E. transformation
C. DNA replication
To cause a human pandemic, the H5N1 avian flu virus would have to A. spread to primates such as chimpanzees B. Develop into a virus with a different host range C. become capable of human-to-human transmission D. arise independently in chickens in North and South America E. become much more pathogenic
C. become capable of human-to-human transmission
Oncologists try to kill cancel cells using chemotherapy drugs that inhibit cell division in rapidly dividing cells. Which type(s) of drug affecting microtubules listed below might be useful in inhibiting cancer? A. a drug that inhibits microtubule elongation should be effective B. a drug that inhibits microtubule shortening should be effective C. both drugs listed in answers a and b should be effective D. neither of these types of drugs would be expected to inhibit cell division
C. both drugs listed in answers a and b should be effective
Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic but not prokaryotic cells? A. cytoplasm B. RNA C. mitochondria D. plasma membrane E. all of these structures are in both eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells
C. mitochondria
What class of biological compound is mRNA? A. carbohydrate B. protein C. nucleic acid or nucleotide D. lipid
C. nucleic acid or nucleotide
A cell has a diameter of 10 micromillimeters. What is that distance in millimeters? A. 10 mm B. 1 mm C. .1 mm D. .01 mm E. .001 mm
D. .01 mm
A bacterium is infected with an experimentally constructed bacteriophage composed of the T2 [hage protein coat and T4 phage DNA. The new phages produced would have A. T2 protein and T4 DNA B. T2 protein and T2 DNA C. a mixture of the DNA and proteins of both phages D. T4 protein and T4 DNA E. T4 protein and T2 DNA
D. T4 protein and T4 DNA
A couple has a son who has hemophilia. Neither parent has hemophilia. Which grandparent MUST have the allele? A. the paternal grandfather B. the paternal grandmother C. the maternal grandfather D. the maternal grandmother E. there is too little information to decide
D. the maternal grandmother
In biological molecules, nitrogen atoms form ____ bonds. A. two ionic B. three ionic C. two covalent D. three covalent E. four covalent
D. three covalent
Compared to 32S, the isotope 35S has A. a different atomic number B. two more neutrons and one more proton C. two more protons and one more neutron D. three more neutrons E. three more protons
D. three more neutrons
A codon is GCA. What is the sequence of the corresponding anticodon? A. GCA B. CGT C. CGU D. TGC E. UGC
E. UGC
The H+ concentration in a cola is 1x10^-4 M. What is the pH of the solution? A. 4 B. 7 C. 40 D. -7 E. 10^-4
A. 4
How does an enzyme catalyze a reaction? A. by lowering the activation energy of a reaction B. by supplying the energy to speed up a reaction C. by changing the equilibrium of a spontaneous reaction D. by making an exergonic reaction endergoinc E. by making an endergonic reaction exergonic
A. by lowering the activation energy of a reaction
What class of biological compound is cellulose? A. carbohydrate B. protein C. nucleic acid or nucleotide D. lipid
A. carbohydrate
Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly because they A. express different genes B. contain different genes C. use different genetic codes D. have unique ribosomes E. have different chromosomes
A. express different genes
Which molecule will yield the most energy in aerobic respiration? A. glucose B. pyruvate C. acetyl-CoA D. NADH E. FADH2
A. glucose
This process consumes O2, converting it to H2O. A. mitochondrial electron transport B. the citric acid cycle C. glycolysis D. answers a and b are correct E. All of the above answers are correct
A. mitochondrial electron transport
If a phenotypic trait is controlled by more than one gene it is A. a frameshift mutation B. a polygenic trait C. a missense mutation D. a trait showing incomplete dominance E. on the X or Y chromosome
B. a polygenic trait
Recently some University of Southern Mississippi students took some breath mints containing chlorophyll and decided to go to the beach and photosynthesize. This probably wont work because the proteins that bind chlorophyll are not present in humans, even students from USM. What proteins listed below do bind chlorophyll? A. Rubisco B. Photosystem I and photosystem II C. the chloroplast ATP synthase D. Answers A and B are correct E. Answers A, B, and C are correct
B. photosystem I and photosystem II
One characteristic sshared by sucrose, lactose, and maltose is that: A. they are all polysaccharides B. they are all disaccharides C. they are all monosaccharides D. they all contain fructose E. they cannot be digested by humans
B. they are all disaccharides
The cytoskeleton is composed of what? A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. proteins D. nucleic acids E. all of the above
C. proteins
Sulfur and nitrogen atoms: A. have different numbers of protons B. have different numbers of valence electrons C. form different numbers of chemical bonds D. all of the above answers are correct
D. all of the above answers are correct
A typical mRNA found in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell will have all of the following features EXCEPT: A. a 5' cap B. 5' and 3' untranslated regions C. a polyadenine tail D. an intron E. all of the above features will be present
D. an intron
In trying to determine whether DNA or protein is the genetic material, Hershey and Chase made use of which of the following facts? A. DNA does not contain sulfur, while protein does B. DNA contains phosphorous, but protein does not C. DNA contains nitrogen, whereas protein does not D. answers a and b E. answers a, b and c are correct
D. answer a and b
Tubulin is a major component of this organelle. A. nucleus B. vacuole C. mitochondria D. cytoskeleton E. all of the above
D. cytoskeleton
Which of the carbon isotopes in the last question is/are found in nature or are naturally occurring? A. 12C is naturally occurring B. 13C is naturally occurring C. 14C is naturally occurring D. 12C and 13C are naturally occurring E. 12C, 13C, and 14C are all found in nature
E. 12C, 13C, and 14C are all found in nature
This enzyme removes the RNA primer and replaces it with DNA. A. DNA polymerase III B. DNA ligase C. Primase D. Helicase E. DNA polymerase I
E. DNA polymerase
What type of transport does the Na+-K+ ATPase do? A. simple diffusion B. phagocytose C. endocytosis D. facilitated diffusion E. active transport
E. active transport
An element has 8 protons, 9 neutrons, and 8 electrons. Its atomic number and atomic mass, respectively, are: A. 8 and 16 B. 8 and 17 C. 9 and 16 D. 9 and 17 E. 17 and 25
B. 8 and 17
The early atmosphere on Earth had almost no O2. What evolutionary event correlates with the appearance of O2 in the atmosphere? A. with the appearance of the first life forms B. with the appearance of the first photosynthetic life forms C. with the appearance of the first marine animals D. A net output of energy is generated by the reactions E. the reactions decrease the free energy in the products and increase the energy of the surrounding environment
B. with the appearance of the first photosynthetic life forms
Which organelle is active in protein degradation? A. The plasma membrane B. the rough endoplasmic reticulum C. the nucleus D. the lysosome E. the cytoskeleton
D. the lysosome
O2 is produced during photosynthesis. Where does the O2 come from? A. from CO2 B. from H2O C. from ATP D. from glucose E. from light
B. from H2O
Which parts of cellular respiration generate the carbon dioxide that we breathe out? A. glycolysis and synthesis of acteyl CoA B synthesis of acetyl CoA and citric acid cycle C. Kreb's cycle and electron transport D. glycolysis and electron transport E. synthesis of acetyl CoA and electron transport
B. synthesis of acetyl CoA and citric acid cycle
If one parent is heterozygous for polydactyly and the other is homozygous normal, what is the chance that a child of theirs will have polydactyly? A. no chance at all B. a 25% chance C. a 50% chance D. a 75% chance E. the child almost certainly will have an extra finger
C. a 50% chance
What percent of guinea pigs in the last question (SsBbxSsbb) would have white hair? A. none of them B. about 25% C. about 50% D. about 75% E. all of them
C. about 50%
This organelle contains proteins. A. nucleus B. vacuole C. mitochondria D. cytoskeleton E. all of the above
E. all of the above
Which of the following equals .2 mm? A. 2x10^2 mm B. 2 micrometers C. 200 micrometers D. 2 nm E. 20 nm
C. 200 micrometers
Which compound below is chemically most likely to exist? A. NH B. NH2 C. NH3 D. NH4 E. NH5
C. NH3
Insulin, a protein excreted by pancreas cells, is made on: A. ribosomes bound to the nuclear enelope B. free cytoplasmic ribosomes in the cytoplasm C. the rough endoplasmic reticulum D. in the mitochondria E. ribosomes bound to the plasma membrane
C. the rough endoplasmic reticulum
The recombinant frequency of linked genes can vary from ___% ti ___%. A. 0, 100 B. 50, 100 C. 0, 25 D. 0, 50 E. 25, 50
D. 0, 50
The nucleus and mitochondria contain ____, but the lysosome and the cell wall do not. A. carbohydrate B. lipid C. protein D. nucleic acid E. all of the above
D. nucleic acid
The overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide is called the A. double helix B. primary structure C. secondary structure D. tertiary structure E. quarternary structure
D. tertiary structure
One strand of DNA has the sequence 5' C-C-A-A-G-T-G-T 3'. What is the sequence of the complementary? A. 5' G-G-T-T-C-A-C-A 3' B. 5' G-G-U-U-C-A-C-A 3' C. 5' T-T-G-G-A-C-A-C 3' D. 5' A-A-C-C-T-G-T-G 3' E. 5' A-C-A-C-T-T-G-G 3'
E. 5' A-C-A-C-T-T-G-G 3'
What type of bond results from a complete transfer of electron(s) between atoms? A. hydrogen bond B. hydrophobic interaction C. nonpolar covalent bond D. polar covalent bond E. ionic bond
E. ionic bond
During vigorous exercise, anaerobic muscle cells produce ____ and gain ___. A. lactate; ATP B. alcohol; CO2 C. alcohol; ATP D. ATP; NADH E. CO2 and alcohol; ATP
A. lactate
An atom having an atomic number of 10 and a mass of 22 would be expected to have how many neutrons? A. 10 B. 12 C. 16 D. 22 E. 32
B. 12
The mitotic spindle is composed of a. actin microfilaments B. microtubules C. carbohydrates D. the protein spindalin E. chromatin
B. microtubules
Which of te following is an example of polygenic inheritance? A. pink flower color in snapdragons B. skin color in humans C. the ABO blood groups in humans D. cinnabar eye color in fruit flies E. white and purple flower color in sweet peas
B. skin color in humans
A DNA strand sequence is 5' G-G-T-T-G-G-A 3'. What is the sequence of the complementary strand? A. 5' A-G-G-T-T-G-G 3' B. 5' G-G-T-T-G-G-A 3' C. 5' T-C-C-A-A-C-C 3' D. 5' C-C-A-A-C-C-T 3' E. 5' U-U-A-A-U-U-T 3'
C. 5' T-C-C-A-A-C-C 3'
The molecular formula of glucose is C6H12O6=. What would be the molecular formula of a polymer made by linking ten glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions? A. C60H120O60 B. C60H118O59 C. C60H102O51 D. C60H100O50 E. C60H111O51
C. C60H102O51
Chlorophyll molecules mostly absorbb the ____ wavelengths of visible light. A. green B. yellow E. red D. blue E. both c and d
E. both c and d
Which of the following is true for endergonic reactions? A. the products have more free energy than the reactants B. the products have less free energy than the reactants C. Reactants will always be completely converted to products D. a net output of energy is generated by the reactions E. the reactions decrease the free energy in the products and increase the energy of the surrounding environment
A. the products have more free energy than the reactants
A wild-type sequence of a portion of an mRNA is 5' GGCAAAUGUCUC 3' and the GGC encodes a glycine in the normal sequence. Which sequence represents a frameshift mutation? A. 5' GGCAGAUGUCUC 3' B. 5' GGCAAAAUGACUC 3' C. 5' GGCGAAUGUCUC 3' D. 5' GGGAAAUGUCUC 3' E. 5' GGCAAAUGACUC 3'
B
If a person has two identical alleles, he/she is _____ for that gene. A. zygotic. B. homozygous C. heterozygous D. homomorphic E. tetraploid
B. homozygous
All cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic have which of the following? A. nucleus B. plasma membrane C. mitochondria D. cell wall E. all of the above are in all cells
B. plasma membrane
What class of biological compound is hemoglobin? A. carbohydrate B. protein C. nucleic acid or nucleotide D. lipid
B. protein
A bag contained a solution with an unknown sucrose concentration. The bag was made of an artificial membrane with pores large enough to let water pass but not sucrose. THe bag was placed in a solution of .5 M sucrose. After 2]0 minutes the bag was removed and had more water than before. Which statement below is probably true? A. the bag had >.5 M sucrose initially and a higher concentration after 20 minutes B. the bag had >.5 M sucrose initially and a lower concentration after 20 minutes C. the bag had a concentration of .5 M all of the time D. the bag had <.5 sucrose initially and a higher concentration after 20 minutes E. the bag had <.5 M sucrose initially and a lower concentration after 20 minutes
B. the bag had >.5 sucrose initially and a lower concentration after 20 minutes
How many and what type of bonds does sulfur usually form in biology? A. one covalent bond B. two covalent bonds C. three covalent bonds D. one ionic bond E. two ionic bonds
B. two covalent bonds
If a guinea pig with short black hair (SsBb) is crossed with a Guinea pig short white hair (Ssbb) what percent of their offspring would have short hair? A. none of them B. about 25% C. about 50% D. about 75% E. all of them.
D. about 75%
Hydrogen bonding between water inflluences: A. an insect's ability to walk on water B. the ability of a tree to transfer water from the roots to the leaves C. the ability of water to store large quantities of heat D. all of the above answers are correct E. none of the above answers are correct
D. all of the above answers are correct
Glycosidic linkages are found in: A. Lipids B. proteins C. nucleic acids D. carbohydrates E. fatty acids
D. carbohydrates
What would occur if the repressor of an inducible operon were mutated so it could not bind the operator? A. irreversible binding of the repressor to the promoter B. reduced transcription of the operon's genes C. buildup of a substrate for the pathway controlled by the operon D. continuous transcription of the operon's genes E. overproduction of catabolite activator protein (CAP)
D. continuous transcription of the operon's genes
Name a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum A. protein biosynthesis B. it is the cell's recycling center C. Nucleotide biosynthesis D. lipid biosynthesis E. All of these are functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. lipid biosynthesis
Based on the dissociation patterns shown below which of the following would be considered a base? A. HF--> H+ and F- B. HCl--> H+ and Cl- C. NaCl--> Na+ and Cl- D. NaF-->Na+ and F- E. KOH-->K+ and OH
E. KOH--> K+ and OH (NOTICE THE OH)
Alligators have to unliked genes, one for teeth number (N) and one for tail length (T). An alligator has the genotype NnTt. Which of the following represents a possible gamete for this alligator? A. Tt B. Nn C. NnTt D. N E. Nt
E. Nt
This organelle is found in plant cells. A. nucleus B. vacuole C> mitochondria D. cytoskeleton E. all of the above
E. all of the above
What is the building block of starch? A. the amino acid glycine B. the amino acid alanine C. fatty acids D. glycerol E. glucose
E. glucose
A child born with Down's Syndrome has A. two copies of an autosomal recessive gene B. one or more copies of an autosomal dominant gene C. has a defect in a gene on the X chromosome D. has an extra X chromosome E. has an extra chromosome 21
E. has an extra chromosome 21
Most RNA processing in a eukaryotic cell takes place in the A. rough endoplasmic reticulum B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. golgi apparatus D. cytoplasm E. nucleus
E. nucleus
Which molecule or complex contains an anticodon? A. a ribosome B. a centromere C. mRNA D. rRNA E. tRNA
E. tRNA
What type(s) of fermentation can the brain perform? A. alcohol fermentation B. lactic acid fermentation C. both alcohol and lactic acid fermentation D. CAM type fermentation--like in tequila E. the brain cannot do any fermentation
E. the brain cannot do any fermentation
Which is the result when a diploid cell undergoes mitosis? A. 2 diploid cells B. 2 haploid cells C. 4 diploid cells D. 4 haploid cells E. 2 haploid cells and 2 diploid cells
A. 2 diploid cells
If a white-eyed male is crossed with a red-eyed female, what is the phenotype of the progeny? A. all of the males and all of the females will have red eyes. B. all of the males and all of the females will have white eyes C. all of the males will have red eyees and all of the females will have white eyes D. all of the males will have white eyes and all of the females will have red eyes E. all of the males and females with have pinkeye
A. all of the males and all of the female will have red eyes
Which type of linkage connects glucose units in cellulose? A. beta-glycosidic linkages B. peptide bonds C. 3'-5' phosphodiester linkages D. disulfide bonds E. unsaturated linkages
A. beta-glycosidic linkages
What holds together the bases pairs in DNA, like G to C? A. hydrogen bonds between the bases B. covalent bonds between the bases C. ionic bonds between the bases D. covalent bonds between the sugar parts of the nucleotides E. ionic bonds between the sugar parts of the nucleotides
A. hydrogen bonds between the bases
Which runners had to stop running during the race? --Runner A has low glucose levels in his muscles but his muscles are well oxygenated --Runner B has low glucose levels in his muscles and and his muscles are anaerobic --Runner C has normal blood glucose levels in his muscles and his muscles are well oxygenated --Runner D has normal blood glucose levels in his muscles and his muscles are anaerobic A. runners A and B B. Runners A and C C. Runners B and D D. Runners C and D E.. None of the runners had to stop
A. runners A and B
Where does the process of transcription in eukaryotes take place? A. the nucleus B. the endoplasmic reticulum C. the cytoplasm D. all of the above answers are correct E. none of the above answers are correct
A. the nucleus
In holly trees, red fruit (A) are dominant to white fruit (a), and spiny leaves (L) are dominant to smooth leaves (l). If you cross two holly plants, one with red spiny leaves (AaLl) and one with white spiny leaves (aaLl), what fraction of the progeny will have red smooth leaves? A. 1/16 of them B. 1/8 of them C. 3/8 of them D. 1/4 of them E. 1/2 of them
B. 1/8 of them
A mature mRNA sequence is 600 nucleotides long from the start of the AUG to the beginning of the stop codon, UAA. How many amino acids will be in the final protein this mRNA codes for? A. 100 B. 200 C. 300 D. 600 E. 1800
B. 200
Flower color in snapdragons is an example of incomplete dominance. If a red flowered plant is crossed with a white flowered plant, the F generation has pink flowers. If two pink flowers were crossed, the progeny plants would be A. 100% pink B. 50% pink, 25% red, and 25% white C. 25% pink. 50% red, and 25% white D. 50% white and 50% red E. 33.3% pink, 33.3% red, and 33.3% white
B. 50% pink, 25% red, and 25% white
A wife has AB blood and the husband has type B blood. Their child is type A. What do you know about the genotypes of the parents? A. both parents were homozygous B. both parents were heterozygous C. crossover must have occurred for this to happen D. time to call the divorce lawyers! E. time to call other lawyers because a mix-up occurred at the hospital!
B. both parents were heterozygous
Compare the amount of DNA in a cell in G1 phase and G2 phase. A. cells in G2 phase have 4 times as much DNA as cells in G1 B. cells in G2 have twice the DNA has cells in G1 C. cells in G2 have the same amount of DNA as cells in G1 D. Cells in G2 have half the amount of DNA as cells in G1 E. Cells in G2 have 1/4 the amount of DNA and cells in G1
B. cells in G2 have twice the DNA as cells in G1
Because organisms are made primarily of water, they resist rapid temperature changes. This useful quality is based on water's: A. cohesion B. high specific heat C. buffering activity D. ability to form colloids E. lower density in the solid phase
B. high specific heat
Chromosomes that carry the same assembly of genes controlling the same traits are best described as: A. heterologous chromosomes B. homologous chromosomes C. homozygous chromosomes D. gametes E. sex chromosomes
B. homologous chromosomes
Where is Rubisco located in the plant cell? A. In the chloroplast envelope membranes B. In the chloroplast stroma C. in the chloroplast thylakoid membranes D. in the cytoplasm E. in the vacuole
B. in the chloroplast stroma
You have a yeast strain that has a defect in cytochrome oxidase and cannot do electron transport. Under what conditions, if any, could that cell grow? A. It can still grow by aerobic respiration B. It can still grow by alcohol fermentation C. it can still grow by photosynthesis D. b and c are correct E. It will not be able to grow under any circumstances
B. it can still grow by alcohol fermentation
You accidentally leave your favorite house/dorm plant in the dark over Thanksgiving vacation. To your surprise it is still alive when you return because: A. it still produced sugars to live on because the Calvin cycle does not require light B. It obtained energy from store sugar and starch molecules produced before your vacation C. It used short wave energy (x-rays and gamma rays) to power photosynthesis D. the light reactions were driven by the breakdown of organic molecules instead of light E. plants are not really living organisms
B. it obtained energy from stored sugar and starch molecules produced before your vacation
In his transformation experiments, Griffith observed that: A. mutant mice were resistant to bacterial infections B. mixing a heat-killed pathogenic strain of bacteria with a living nonpathogenic strain can convert some of the living cells into the pathogenic form C. mixing a heat-killed nonpathogenic strain of bacteria with a living pathogenic strain nonpathogenic D. infecting mice with the nonpathogenic strain of bacteria makes them resistant to the pathogenic strain E. infecting mice with the pathogenic strain of bacteria makes them resistant to the pathogenic strain
B. mixing a heat-killed pathogenic strain of bacteria with a living noonpathogenic strain can convert some of the living cells into the pathogenic form
The gene for black or grey body color in fruit flies (b) has a recombination rate of 17% with the gene for vestigial wings (vg). THe gene for black or grey body color in fruit flies has a recombination rate of 9% with the gene for red or cinnabar eyes (cn). which statement below is true? A. the gene b is closer to the gene vg than the gene cn B. the gene b is closer to the gene cn than the gene vg C. the genes b, cn, and vg are unlinked D. the genes b and cn are linked but the genes b and vg are unlinked E. the genes b and vg are linked but the genes b and cn are unlinked
B. the gene b is closer to the gene cn than the gene vg
Which runner would you say has the best chance of winning the race? --Runner A has low glucose levels in his muscles but his muscles are well oxygenated --Runner B has low glucose levels in his muscles and and his muscles are anaerobic --Runner C has normal blood glucose levels in his muscles and his muscles are well oxygenated --Runner D has normal blood glucose levels in his muscles and his muscles are anaerobic A. Runner A B. Runner B C. Runner C D. Runner D
C. Runner C
Which is an example of co-transport in an intestinal epithelial cell? A. using H+ ions pumped out of the cell to bring glucose into the cell B. Using Cl- ions pumped out of the cell to bring glucose into the cell C. Using Na+ ions pumped out of the cell to bring glucose into the cell D. Exchanging Cl- ions for glucose (Cl- goes out and glucose comes into the cell) E. exchanging Na+ ions for glucose (Na+ goes out and glucose comes into the cell)
C. Using the Na+ ions pumped out of the cell to bring glucose into the cell
Which source of energy is most directly responsible for ATP synthesis in the chloroplast? A. NADH oxidation on the thylakoid membrane B. NADPH oxidation on the thylakoid membrane C. a pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane D. CO2 fixation in the stroma E. Light converting ADP + phosphate to ATP
C. a pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane
In aerobic cellular respiration, oxygen is directly required in: A. glycolysis B. the Krebs Cycle C. accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain D. oxidation of pyruvate to form acetyl CoA E. hemoglobin
C. accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
The most common form of calcium has 20 protons, 20 neutrons, and 20 electrons. Which of the following elements would be an isotope of calcium? A. An atom with 21 protons, 20 neutrons, and 21 electrons. B. And atom with 20 protons, 20 neutrons, and 18 electrons C. an atom with 20 protons, 21 neutrons, and 20 electrons D. an atom with 21 protons, 21 neutrons, and 21 electrons E. all of the above atoms are isotopes of calcium
C. an atom with 20 protons, 21 neutrons, and 21 electrons
Cellulose does not readily react with O2 forming CO2 and H2O at room temperature because: A. cellulose has a lower free energy than CO2 and H2O B. the reaction of cellulose with O2 is endergonic. C. at room temperature the activation energy barrier for this reaction cannot be surmounted. D. cellulose can only be broken down to glucose, not to CO2 and O2 E. the beta glycosidic linkages prevent the reaction with O2
C. at room temperature the activation energy barrier for this reaction cannot be surmountedC.
Assume that you have given a bacterial cell radioactive thymidine so that the DNA in the cell was completely labeled. Also assume that no other component of the cell labeled. Now you take away the radioactive thymidine and allow the cells to divide. Remember the DNA is still radioactive. After one cell division, which cell(s) are radioactive? A. Neither cell will be radioactive B. only one cell will be radioactiv C. both cells will be radioactive After two rounds of cell division, there are four cells. How many of these cells will be radioactive? D. none will be radioactive E. one will be radioactive F. two will be radioactive G. three will be radioactive H. all four will be radioactive
C. both cells will be radioactive F. Two will be radioactive
Two eukaryotic proteins have one domain in common but are otherwise very different. Which of the following processes is most likely to have contributed to this similarity? A. Gene duplication B. RNA splicing C. exon shuffling D. histone modification E. random point mutations
C. exon shuffling
Which of the following characteristics, structures, or processes is common to both bacteria and viruses? A. metabolism B. ribosomes C. genetic material composed of nucleic acid D. cell division E. independent existence
C. genetic material composed of nucleic acid
This process converts glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid and produces 2 ATP's. A. mitochondrial electron transport B. the citric acid cycle C. glycolysis D. answers a and b are correct E. All of the above answers are correct
C. glycolysis
If a heterozygous red-eyed female is crossed with a white-eyed male, what is the phenotype of the progeny? A. all of the males will have red eyes and all of the females will have white eyes B. all of the males will have white eyes and all of the females will have red eyes C. half of the males will have red eyes and half will have white eyes, half of the females will have red eyes and half will have white eyes D. all of the males will have red eyes and half of the females will have red eyes and half will have white eyes. E. half of the males will have red eye and half will have white eyes, and all of the females will have white eyes
C. half of the males will have red eyes and half will have white eyes, half of the females will have red eyes and half will have white eyes
A disulfide bond in a protein that made of a single polypeptide chain is an example of: A. primary structure B. secondary structure C. tertiary structure D. quaternary structure
C. tertiary structure
In the scientific method, which is the next step after making a hypothesis? A. making a conclusion B. proving the hypothesis is incorrect C. testing the hypothesis D. argue with other scientists E. proving the hypothesis is correct
C. testing the hypothesis
A couple has a son who has hemophilia. Neither parent has hemophilia. Which parent or parents has/have the hemophilia allele? A. both parents have the allele B. there is a 50% chance the trait is from the mother and a 50% chance it is from the father C. the mother has the allele, the father does not D. the father has the allele, the mother does not E. this is not genetically possible, there must have been a mix-up at the hospital
C. the mother has the allele, the father does not
Which of the following is an example of primary protein structure? A. when the subunits of hemoglobin come together to form the whole protein B. when a protein folds up to its final form C. the protein sequece is leucine-valine-glycine D. a beta-sheet occurs E. All of the above are examples of primary structure
C. the protein sequence is leucine-valine-glycine
Phosphorylation cascades involving a series of protein kinasese are useful for cellular signal transduction because A. they are species specific B. they always lead to the same cellular response C. they amplify the original signal manyfold D. they counter the harmful effects of phosphates E. the number of molecules used is small and fixed
C. they amplify the original signal manyfold
How do water molecules interact with large molecules like a protein? A. water molecules form covalent bonds with the protein B. water molecules form ionic bonds with the protein C. water can form hydrogen bonds with the protein D. answers A and C are correct E. Answers b and c are correct
C. water can form hydrogen bonds with the protein
Consider the isotopes of carbon, 12C, 13C, and 14C. Which of them is/are stable? A. only 12C is stable B. only 13C is stable C. only 14C is stable D. 12C and 13C are both stable. E. 12C, 13C, and 14 C are all stable
D. 12C and 13C are both stable
The pH of a solution is 9. What is the OH- concentration? A. 9M B. 1x10^-9 M C. 90 mM D. 1x10^-5 M E. 0.001 M
D. 1x10^-5 M
You have a brother that has sickle cell anemia. You are healthy and your parents are healthy. What is the chance that you are a carrier of the sickle cell trait? A. 25% chance B. 33.3% chance C. 66.7% chance D. 50% chance E. 100% chance
D. 50% chance
In a test cross, a guinea pig with long black hair of uncertain genotype was crossed with a Guinea pig with long white hair. What was the genotype of the parent that had black hair? (Black: B, white: b; Short: S, long: s) A. BBSS B. BBss C. BbSS D. Bbss E. bbss
D. Bbss
Erythose, a 4 carbon sugar, has the following chemical formula: A. C4H7O3 B. C4H7O4 C. C4H4O4 D. C4H8O4 E. C6H12O6
D. C4H8O4
In what type of photosynthesis are the leaf stomates open at night and clossed during the day? A. Calvin cycle photosynthesis B. C3-type photosynthesis C. C4-type photosynthesis D. CAM-type photosynthesis E. no type of photosynthesis does this
D. CAM-type photosynthesis
If a particular operon encodes enzymes for making an essential amino acid and is regulated like the trp operon, then A. the amino acid inactivates the repressor B. the enzymes produced are called inducible enzymes C. the repressor is active in the absence of the amino acid D. the amino acid acts as a corepressor E. the amino acid turns on transcription of the operon
D. The amino acid acts as a corepressor
You have recently found out that your father is a carrier of the cystic fibrosis trait and you mother is homozygous normal. You do not have cystic fibrosis. What is the chance that you are a carrier of the trait? A. almost no chance at all B. a 1/4 chance C. a 1/3 chance D. a 1/2 chance E. a 2/3 chance
D. a 1/2 chance
Another person has found out that both his father and his mother are carriers of the cystic fibrosis trait. This person does not have cystic fibrosis. What is the chance that he is a carrier of the trait? A. a 1/4 chance B. a 1/3 chance C. a 1/2 chance D. a 2/3 chance E. a 3/4 chance
D. a 2/3 chance
What percent of guinea pigs in the previous question (SsBbxSsbb) would have short black hair? A. none of them B. about 1/8 C. about 1/4 D. About 3/8 E. about 1/2
D. about 3/8
You scrape your face in a bicycle accident. What type of cell division is occurring during the healing process? A. RNA transcription B. DNA replication C. meiosis D. mitosis E. binary fission
D. mitosis
Oxygen is vital to the process of aerobic cellular respiration. It allows aerobic organisms to derive a great deal more energy from glucose than anaerobic organisms are able to. What is the vital role that oxygen plays in cellular respiration? A. it is a reactant in glycolysis, necessary for the breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid B. Oxygen is a waste product of citric acid cycle. C. oxygen is required to build the acetyl-CoA molecule D. oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain E. oxygen reacts directly with glucose resulting in CO2 and H2O
D. oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain
Where is the location of the ATP synthase responsible for most of the ATP made during aerobic respiration? A. the cytoplasm B. the outer mitochondrial membrane C. between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes D. the inner mitochondrial membrane E. the mitochondrial matrix
D. the inner mitochondrial membrane
In class I did a demonstration of the following reaction: 2H2O2--> 2H2O + O2. This reaction did not occur until the catalase was added. What did the catalase do? A. the reaction is normally endergonic but the catalase changed the reaction and it became exergonic B. the reaction is normally exergonic but the catalase changed the reaction and it became endergonic C. the reaction is always endergonic, but catalase provided ATP to drive the reaction D. the reaction is always exergonic but catalase lowered the activation energy E. peroxide breaks down catalase, releasing O2
D. the reaction is always exergonic, but catalase lowered the activation energy
It is presently thought that chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis. Which of the following observations would disprove this hypothesis? A. A plant was discovered that performed photosynthesis but had no chlorophyll. B. It was found that a part of the plant that did not contain chlorophyll (like the root) did photosynthesis. C. It was found that a part of the plant that did not contain chlorophyll (like the central vacuole) did photosynthesis. D. Chlorophyll was removed from a plant and it was still able to do photosynthesis E. Any of the above observations would disprove the hypothesis.
E. Any of the above observations would disprove the hypothesis
All of the following are functions of the citric acid cycle EXCEPT: A. production of ATP B. production of NADH C. production of FADH2 D. release of carbon dioxide E. adding electrons and protons to oxygen to form water
E. adding electrons and protons to oxygen to form water
What component is found in eukaryotic cells? A. carbohydrate B. lipid C. protein D. nucleic acid E. all of the above
E. all of the above
Which of the following is NOT a protein function? A. catalysis of chemical reactions B. protein is part of hair and ligaments C. communication between cells (hormones) D. proteins are important in our sense of hearing and vision E. all of these functions of proteins
E. all of these are these are functions of proteins
Which of the following is NOT associated with protein function? A. Transport of molecules across membranes B. movement of an organism C. communication between cells (hormones) D. catalysis of chemical reactions E. all of these functions are associated with proteins
E. all of these functions are associated with proteins
Which organism below is capable of aerobic respiration? A. grass B. yeast cells C. oak trees D. mice E. all of these organisms are capable of aerobic respiration
E. all of these organisms are capable of aerobic respiration
Place the following in the correct order from smallest to biggest. A. human fibroblast cell, amino acid, lysosome, triglyceride B. triglyceride, human fibroblast cell, amino acid, lysosome C. amino aci, lysosome, triglyceride, human fibroblast cell D. triglyceride, amino acid, lysosome, human fibroblast cell E. amino acid, triglyceride, lysosome, human fibroblast cell
E. amino acid, triglyceride, lysosome, human fibroblast cell
In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of DNA, which of the following is true? A. A=C B. A=G and C=T C. A+C=G+T D. G+A=C+T E. answers C and D are correct
E. answers C and D are correct
