BIOLOGY 140- Exam III

Maternal supplementation of which vitamin decreases the risk of neural tube defects in some women?

Folate

Jeremy has had his gallbladder removed. Which of the following foods is most likely to be difficult for him to digest?

French fries

John suffers from allergic reactions like skin lesions and edema. He visits a doctor, and after a number of tests, it is found that John is deficient in the amino acid methionine. In this scenario, which of the following is most likely the reason for the amino acid deficiency?

Insufficient intake of methionine

Which of the following is a common phospholipid is amphipatic?

Lecithin

Which of the following is a common phospholipid often used as a stabilizer in food?

Lecithin

Maria, a five-month -old infant, is diagnosed with the deficiency of arachidonic acid. The doctor advises that Maria be fed breast milk, which is rich in arachidonic acid. This fatty acid, however, is not consumed by adults as it can be synthesized in their bodies itself. In this scenario, arachidonic acid is a(an):

nonessential fatty acid

Unlike B vitamins, vitamin C is:

not a coenzyme

The study of how nutrition and genetics interact to influence health is called _____.

nutrigenomics

A saturated fatty acid contains _____ carbon-to-carbon bonds.

only single

Individuals with phenylketonuria lack the enzyme and therefore need to consume.

phenylalanine hydroxylase tyrosine

What type of amphipathic lipid is illustrated here?

phospholipid

What type of lipid comprise of the majority of cell membrane

phospholipids

The number and sequence of amino acids in a single polypeptide chain is called the _____ structure of a protein.

primary

Lea wants to limit her intake of trans fatty acids. Complete the following statement to assist her in identifying this type of fatty acid. Trans fats are _____.

produced commercially via a process called partial hydrogenation

Mutations in DNA can influence the cell's ability to produce a functional _____.

protein

The USDA Dietary Guidelines recommend that we give priority to limiting our intake of trans fatty acids, cholesterol, and _____.

saturated fatty acids

The images shown on the left represent one of the levels of protein structure. Which level is this?

secondary structure

Fatty acids not required for energy or other bodily functions are stored as _____ in specialized cells called _____.

triglycerides, adipocytes

Night blindness can be caused by a deficiency of which of the following?

vitamin A

Folic acid is a form of ----------that is rarely found in foods but is often included in vitamin supplements and is added during the fortification of food.

vitamin B9

Folic acid is a form of __________ that is rarely found in foods but is often included in vitamin supplements and is added during the fortification of food.

vitamin B9

Which of the following vitamins is recommended to improve a person iron absorption?

vitamin C

Individuals living in Scandinavia (i.e., little sunlight) have a higher risk of which of the following deficiencies?

vitamin D

Rickets occurs when a person is deficient in which of these vitamins?

vitamin D

Breastfed babies are not susceptible to vitamin K deficiency because human milk contains high levels of this essential nutrient.

False

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends that saturated fatty acids constitute no more than ------- of dietary energy, and that trans fatty acids constitute no more than ------ of total kilocalories.

10, 1

What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for lipids?

20-35%

How many essential amino acids do most humans have?

9

Which one of the following proteins helps draw fluid from the interstitial spaces back into the blood vessels?

Albumin

Proteins are macromolecules made from which of the following subunits?

Amino acids

Which of the following foods is high in vit C?

Carrots and peppers

Lipoproteins vary in density. Select the grouping below that correctly orders the lipoproteins from least to most dense (left to right).

Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL

What and where is the "master plan" or "blue print" for all the proteins synthesized in the body?

DNA found in a cell's nucleus

The deficiency of vitamin A causes a condition known as __________.

Night Blindness

Which portion of an amino acid makes one different from another?

R-group

Which of the following reflects the major role of HDL, otherwise termed reverse cholesterol transport?

To retrieve excess cholesterol from cells and transport it back to the liver

How are water-soluble vitamins initially circulated in the body?

Transported from the small intestine to the blood

Over century ago, Scientists classified vitamins based on their solubility in water and fat

True

Which one of vitamins below protects your body from free radicals?

Vitamin C

What does the alpha (α) end of a fatty acid contain?

a carboxylic acid group

The three common components of all amino acids are:

a central carbon atom, an amino group, and a carboxylic acid group.

Cell membranes effectively serve as barriers between cells and the surrounding spaces because they are made of _____ phospholipids.

amphipathic

Which of the following types of molecules is always or often a protein?

antibody, hormone, enzyme,

Identify a property of a saturated fatty acid (SFA).

it cannot bend and forms straight chains.

Smokers are advised to increase their vitamin C intake:

because their body need more antioxidant

Saturated fatty acids tend to be found primarily in which of the following?

beef and dairy products and tropical oils

Saturated fatty acids tend to found primarily in which of the following

beef and dairy products and tropical oils

The deficiency of vitaminB1 causes a condition known as

berberi

An omega-3 fatty acid is one that has its first double bond _____ end of the molecule.

between the third and fourth carbons from the methyl end

Short- and medium-chain fatty acids are transported to the liver in the ------------, whereas long-chain fatty acids are circulated away from the small intestine in the __________.

blood, lymph

Which of the following foods are good source of carotenoids

carrots and peppers

Which is the proper sequence by which proteins are made in cells?

cell signaling, transcription, translation

Which of the following is a lipoprotein?

chylomicron, LDL, HDL

Which of the following best describes the fatty acid illustrated below?

cis fatty acid

Foods that contain relatively high amounts of all the essential amino acids in the appropriate proportions are considered to be _____ protein sources.

complete

Which type of malnutrition always has a "skin and bones-like" appearance?

marasmus

The primary structure of a protein is critical to its function because it:

determines the protein's most basic chemical and physical characteristics.

Lipid digestion occurring in the small intestine is complex, involving several steps. Which of the following is correct in terms of the sequence of these events?

emulsification by bile → micelle formation → digestion by pancreatic lipase

Whether a fatty acid is considered short-, medium-, or long-chain it depends primarily on which of the following.

how many carbons it has in its backbone

Oils are , and are at room temperature.

hydrophobic liquid