Biology 5.3
Which of the following is true about a zygote? (1) A zygote is the first cell of a new organism. (2) A human zygote has 23 pairs of chromosomes. (3) A zygote is produced through fertilization. --1 only --1 and 3 --2 and 3 --1, 2, and 3
--1, 2, and 3
Differences between meiosis I and meiosis II include: --how the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell during meiosis I or meiosis II. --the pairing of chromosomes in meiosis I but not meiosis II. --the amount of DNA in a cell at the end of meiosis I or meiosis II. --all of the above
--all of the above
Homologous chromosomes separate during --metaphase I. --anaphase I. --anaphase II. --telophase II.
--anaphase I of meiosis.
After meiosis there are --two haploid cells. --two haploid gametes. --four haploid cells. --four haploid gametes.
--four haploid cells.
Which of the following is a form of asexual reproduction? --fragmentation --meiosis --binary fusion --bubbling
--fragmentation (also budding and binary FISSION)
The random distribution of homologous chromosomes during cell division is known as --meiosis. --independent assortment. --genetic variation. --crossing-over.
--independent assortment.
Because of when the chromosomes pair up during meiosis, crossing-over must occur during --prophase II. --metaphase II. --prophase I. --anaphase I.
--prophase I.
Which of the following happens in crossing over? 1. the result is new combinations of genes on chromosomes 2. gametes will have unique combinations of GENES 3. it's the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes 4. chromosomes are randomly distrubuted
1, 2, 3
Sexual reproduction always involves ______ parent(s). Asexual reproduction always involves ______ parent(s).
2 1
A human egg cell (or sperm cell)has ___ chromosomes.
23
Meiosis begins with one cell, and ends with ______ __________ cells.
4 HAPLOID (half because 23 from mom join with 23 from dad to make a zygote with 46.)
A human zygote has ____ chromosomes and is (diploid/haploid). A human egg or sperm cell has ______ chromosomes and is (diploid/haploid).
46--diploid 23--haploid
Organisms that have a life cycle with _________ generations switch back and forth between diploid and haploid stages.
Alternation of
having twice the number of chromosomes
Diploid
T or F Prokaryotes go through meiosis I and eukaryotes go through meiosis II.
False
T or F Egg and sperm are diploid gametes.
False Egg and sperm are always haploid gametes.
T or F Gametes are diploid, a zygote is haploid.
False, Just the opposite. the gametes are HAPLOID and the zygote is DIPLOID.
T or F Meiosis I and mitosis are very similar.
False, Meiosis II and mitosis are similar
reproductive cells that unite to form an offspring
Gametes
the development of haploid cells into gametes
Gametogenesis
Crossing-over is the exchange of ________ material between homologous chromosomes.
Genetic
Meiosis is a type of cell division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by _____
Half
having half the number of chromosomes
Haploid
series of life stages and events of a sexually reproducing organism
Life Cycle
a type of cell division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half
Meiosis
During ________, spindle fibers attach to the paired homologous chromosomes.
Metaphase 1
Male gametes are called ______, and female gametes are a(n) ______ cell.
Sperm and Egg
T or F "Crossing-over" can occur in meiosis I but not meiosis II.
True
T or F A zygote is the first cell of a new organism.
True
T or F In binary fission, parent and offspring are identical.
True
T or F In humans, a gamete will have 23 chromosomes.
True
T or F In sexual reproduction, parents and offspring are never identical.
True
T or F Meiosis is involved in the production of gametes.
True
T or F Meiosis starts with one cell and ends with four haploid cells.
True
T or F Starfish can reproduce by fragmentation - that is, a whole new fish can grow from just a single arm.
True
Binary fission, fragmentation, and budding are types of _______ reproduction.
asexual
example of a haploid cell
egg or sperm
the process in which two gametes unite to form a zygote (in humans):
fertilization
If gametes have 23 chromosomes, that means they are (haploid or diploid).
gamete--haploid (23 is half)
Gametes are (haploid/diploid). Gametes have (23/46) chromosomes. Gametes are (body cells/reproductive cells). Gametes are produced by __________.
haploid 23 reproductive meiosis
The simplest life cycle is _______. The human life cycle is ________.
haploid diploid
Remember: random distribution of chromosomes is: the swapping of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis is: (crossing over or independent assortment)
independent assortment crossing over
What are the 2 types of reproduction?
sexual and asexual
binary fission reproduction is asexual (one parent) and produces:
two daughter cells that are exactly the same
example of a diploid cell
zygote
