Biology 5.3

Which of the following is true about a zygote? (1) A zygote is the first cell of a new organism. (2) A human zygote has 23 pairs of chromosomes. (3) A zygote is produced through fertilization. --1 only --1 and 3 --2 and 3 --1, 2, and 3

--1, 2, and 3

Differences between meiosis I and meiosis II include: --how the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell during meiosis I or meiosis II. --the pairing of chromosomes in meiosis I but not meiosis II. --the amount of DNA in a cell at the end of meiosis I or meiosis II. --all of the above

--all of the above

Homologous chromosomes separate during --metaphase I. --anaphase I. --anaphase II. --telophase II.

--anaphase I of meiosis.

After meiosis there are --two haploid cells. --two haploid gametes. --four haploid cells. --four haploid gametes.

--four haploid cells.

Which of the following is a form of asexual reproduction? --fragmentation --meiosis --binary fusion --bubbling

--fragmentation (also budding and binary FISSION)

The random distribution of homologous chromosomes during cell division is known as --meiosis. --independent assortment. --genetic variation. --crossing-over.

--independent assortment.

Because of when the chromosomes pair up during meiosis, crossing-over must occur during --prophase II. --metaphase II. --prophase I. --anaphase I.

--prophase I.

Which of the following happens in crossing over? 1. the result is new combinations of genes on chromosomes 2. gametes will have unique combinations of GENES 3. it's the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes 4. chromosomes are randomly distrubuted

1, 2, 3

Sexual reproduction always involves ______ parent(s). Asexual reproduction always involves ______ parent(s).

2 1

A human egg cell (or sperm cell)has ___ chromosomes.

23

Meiosis begins with one cell, and ends with ______ __________ cells.

4 HAPLOID (half because 23 from mom join with 23 from dad to make a zygote with 46.)

A human zygote has ____ chromosomes and is (diploid/haploid). A human egg or sperm cell has ______ chromosomes and is (diploid/haploid).

46--diploid 23--haploid

Organisms that have a life cycle with _________ generations switch back and forth between diploid and haploid stages.

Alternation of

having twice the number of chromosomes

Diploid

T or F Prokaryotes go through meiosis I and eukaryotes go through meiosis II.

False

T or F Egg and sperm are diploid gametes.

False Egg and sperm are always haploid gametes.

T or F Gametes are diploid, a zygote is haploid.

False, Just the opposite. the gametes are HAPLOID and the zygote is DIPLOID.

T or F Meiosis I and mitosis are very similar.

False, Meiosis II and mitosis are similar

reproductive cells that unite to form an offspring

Gametes

the development of haploid cells into gametes

Gametogenesis

Crossing-over is the exchange of ________ material between homologous chromosomes.

Genetic

Meiosis is a type of cell division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by _____

Half

having half the number of chromosomes

Haploid

series of life stages and events of a sexually reproducing organism

Life Cycle

a type of cell division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half

Meiosis

During ________, spindle fibers attach to the paired homologous chromosomes.

Metaphase 1

Male gametes are called ______, and female gametes are a(n) ______ cell.

Sperm and Egg

T or F "Crossing-over" can occur in meiosis I but not meiosis II.

True

T or F A zygote is the first cell of a new organism.

True

T or F In binary fission, parent and offspring are identical.

True

T or F In humans, a gamete will have 23 chromosomes.

True

T or F In sexual reproduction, parents and offspring are never identical.

True

T or F Meiosis is involved in the production of gametes.

True

T or F Meiosis starts with one cell and ends with four haploid cells.

True

T or F Starfish can reproduce by fragmentation - that is, a whole new fish can grow from just a single arm.

True

Binary fission, fragmentation, and budding are types of _______ reproduction.

asexual

example of a haploid cell

egg or sperm

the process in which two gametes unite to form a zygote (in humans):

fertilization

If gametes have 23 chromosomes, that means they are (haploid or diploid).

gamete--haploid (23 is half)

Gametes are (haploid/diploid). Gametes have (23/46) chromosomes. Gametes are (body cells/reproductive cells). Gametes are produced by __________.

haploid 23 reproductive meiosis

The simplest life cycle is _______. The human life cycle is ________.

haploid diploid

Remember: random distribution of chromosomes is: the swapping of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis is: (crossing over or independent assortment)

independent assortment crossing over

What are the 2 types of reproduction?

sexual and asexual

binary fission reproduction is asexual (one parent) and produces:

two daughter cells that are exactly the same

example of a diploid cell

zygote