Biology

Which of the following best defines 'one kilocalorie'?

1,000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 C

One mole (mol) Of glucoses (molecular mass = 180 daltons) is

180 grams of glucose

This atom can form up to _____ single covalent bond(s)

4

Carbon dioxide (CO2) has a molecular mass of 44 g/mol. How much carbon dioxide must be added to water to make a 1M solution

44g

0.660 miles of NaCl are dissolved in 95.0 mL of water. Calculate the molarity of the NaCl solution

6.95 mL (divide 0.660/0.0950)

0.660 moles of NaCl are dissolved in 95.0 mL of water. Calculate the molarity of the NaCl solution

6.95M

Which of the following ranks different water temperatures in order of increasing density

96 degrees C, 50 degrees C, 25 degrees C

Which molecule shown above contains an amino functional group

A

Select the statement that best describes a buffer.

A buffer resists change in pH by accepting hydrogen ions when acids are added to the solution and donating hydrogen ions when bases are added.

Which of the following can be attributed to water's high specific heat?

A lake heats up more slowly than the air around it

Which statement about a methyl functional group is correct?

A methyl group consists of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen atoms.

Which of the following effects can occur because of the high surface tension of water?

A raft spider can walk across the surface of a small pond

Which chemical group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base

Amino

Identify the functional groups

Amino and carboxyl are functional groups.

Atoms with the same number of protons but with different electrical charges ___

Are different ions

Enantiomers

Asymmetric carbon and are mirror of each other

Which carbon is asymmetric

B

If you dissolve 1 mol of NaCl in 1 liter of aqueous solution, which of the following is true? A. NaCl is the solvent B. You have made a 1M solution C. Water is solute D. You have 12 x 10^23 molecules in the solution

B. You have made a 1M solution

Which of these functional groups is found in all aminos acids?

Both -COOH and -NH2

A substance that minimizes changes in the concentration of H+ and OH- in a solution is a ___

Buffer

Visualize the structural formula of each of the following hydrocarbons. Which hydrocarbon has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

C2H4

Which of the following is a hydrocarbon?

C3H8

Normal cellular metabolism causes what byproduct that is excreted into the blood?

Carbon dioxide

Variation in carbon chains is an important source of molecular complexity. How can carbon skeletons vary?

Carbon skeletons can vary in length, exhibit different branching structureS, contain double bonds at different positions, and content rings of carbon atoms

How is carbonic acid formed in the blood? Why does that cost the blood pH to become more acidic?

Carbonic acid is formed in the blood when carbon dioxide combines with water. This causes the blood pH to become more acidic due to increasing hydrogen.

Which of the following functional groups can act as an acid in solution?

Carboxyl

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids

Carboxyl and amino groups

These molecules are ____

Cis-tans isomers (geometric isomers) .. (are gray molecules with red)

Isomers that vary based on the geometric arrangement around a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called:

Cis-trans isomers

What type of bond is joining the two hydrogen atoms?

Covalent

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms?

Covalent bonds

Cis-trans isomers (geometric isomers) are molecules that ___

Differ in the arrangement of their atoms about a double bond.

What process exerts the pull on water molecules that is related from leaf to root via cohesion

Evaporation

cis-trans isomers

Formula is the same but orientation around carbon carbon double bond is different.

How many electrons must one carbon atom share with other atom or atoms to complete its valence shell?

Four

The brackets are indicating a(n) ___ bond

Hydrogen

What name is given to the bond between water molecules?

Hydrogen

What kind of bonds are responsible for the unique cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion properties of water molecules?

Hydrogen bonding

Water molecules have a polarity, which allows them to be electrically attracted to other water molecules and other polar molecules by weak chemical bonds known as ____

Hydrogen bonds

Hydrocarbons (and fats) don't mix well with water because they are

Hydrophobic

Which of the following are properties of hydrocarbons

Hydrophobic, nonpolar, good source of stored energy

Which of the following functional groups is polar and an important part of alcohols?

Hydroxyl

I'm salt, what is the nature of the bond between sodium and chlorine?

Ionic

How do isomers differ from one another?

Isomers differ in the arrangement or bonding of atoms.

If an atom has a charge of +1, which of the following must be true?

It has one more proton than it does electrons

structural isomers

Look different but perform the same

Which of the following functional groups can be added to nucleotides in DNA to regulate gene expression

Methyl

A(n) ____ refers to two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Molecule

Research indicates that ibuprofen, A drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; what are enantiomers?

Molecules that are mirror images of each other

Isomers are ___

Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangement

A carbon atom and a hydrogen atom form what type of bond in a molecule

No polar covalent bond

A carbon atom and a hydrogen atom form what type of bond in a molecule?

Non polar covalent bond

What kind of effect does R-dopa have on Parkinson's disease?

None. R-Dopa has no effect on Parkinson's disease.

Dilution of a buffer solution with a small amount of water will ____ the pH of the solution

Not being major change in

A covalent bond is likely to be polar under which of the following conditions

One of the atoms sharing electrons is more electronegative than the other atom

A covalent bond is likely to be polar under which of the following conditions?

One of the atoms sharing electrons is more electronegative than the other atom

L-dopa is used to treat

Parkinson's disease

Amino acids are joined together to form a polypeptide by what type of bonds?

Peptide bonds

ATP Is an important energy containing molecules and cells which functional group contains these high energy bonds

Phosphate

ATP is an important energy containing molecule in cells. Which functional group contains these high energy bonds?

Phosphate

What kind of bonds is formed between the two hydrogen atoms and the single oxygen atom?

Polar covalent bonds

Briefly describe one type of acidosis in the body

Respiratory acidosis is a type of acidosis which makes the lungs unstable. Respiratory acidosis happens when the lungs cannot remove all the carbon dioxide the body produces. This means it makes too much carbon dioxide in the body which people cannot support.

What type of bond joins the carbon atom of each of the hydrogen atoms?

Single (non polar) covalent

Which answer best describes why does ice float in liquid water?

Stable hydrogen Bonds keep water molecules of ice farther apart than water molecules of liquid water.

Which answer best describes why does ice flow in liquid water?

Stable hydrogen bonds keep water molecules of ice farther apart than water molecules of liquid water

Why does ice float on liquid water

Stable hydrogen bonds keep water molecules of ice farther apart than water molecules of liquid water.

Rank, from low to high, the pH of blood, stomach acid, and urine

Stomach acid, urine, blood

These molecules are

Structural isomers (they are two gray atoms with no red)

One of the molecules that contribute to pH stability in human blood is carbonic acid (H2CO3). Carbonic acid is a weak acid that were placed in an aqueous solution dissociates into biocarbonate ion (HCO3-) and a hydrogen ion (H+), as shown below H2CO3 <> HCO3- + H^+ If the pH of blood drops, one would expect

The HCO3- to act as a badd and remove H+ from the blood

One of the molecules that contribute to pH stability in human blood is carbonic acid (H2CO3<-> HCO3 + H +) if the pagoda blood drops (increase in H+ levels), you would expect ____

The HCO3- to act as a base and remove H+ from the blood

Which of the following best defines 'one calorie'?

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1C

What statement is true of all atoms that are anions?

The atom has more electrons than protons

Which statement is true of all atoms that are anions

The atom has more electrons than protons

The type of bonding and the number of covalent bonds an atom can form with other atoms is determined by

The number of unpaired electrons in the valence shell

The type of bonding and the number of covalent bonds an atom can form with other atoms is determined by ___

The number of unpaired electrons in the valence shell

In a group of water molecules, hydrogen bonds form between which of the following?

The oxygen atom and one water molecule and a hydrogen atom in another water molecule

How does the pH of the solution on the right compare with that of the solution on the left?

The solution on the right is basic relative to the solution on the left.

An aqueous solution is one in which ___

The solvent is water

What is the strictly regulated range for the body's blood pH

The strictly regulated range for the body pH is 7.35 to 7.45

Enantiomers are isomers in which molecules are mirror images of each other because ____

They contain an asymmetric carbon

Which of the following bonds can form between atoms of equal electronegativity?

Van der Waals interactions can form between atoms of equal electronegativity

How would you describe a buffer solution?

Weak acid and it's conjugate base

An ionic bond involves ___

an attraction between ions of opposite charge

Enantiomers are molecules that ___

are mirror images

A(n) ____ bond joins these two oxygen atoms

double covalent

These molecules are ____

enantiomers ( have blue, green, red on the two molecules but colors are switched)

What is the arrow pointing to?

hydrogen ion

In a neutral solution the concentration of __

hydrogen ions is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions

What is the arrow pointing to?

hydroxide ion

An ionic bond is formed when ___

one atom transfers an electron to another atom

A covalent bond is likely to be polar when

one of the atoms sharing electrons is much more electronegative than the other atom

What are the two mechanisms by which the body reacts to keep the blood pH within normal limits?

pulmonary regulation and renal regulation

Chemical equilibrium is reached when _____.

the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate so that the concentrations of reactants and products remain the same

Hydrogen bonding is most often seen ___

when hydrogen is covalently bonded to an electronegative atom