biology
A bacterium's capsule serves mainly as a means of movement.
false
Bacteria most often reproduce through __________.
binary fission
In yeast reproduction, part of a cell pinches off to form a new cell, a process called __________.
budding
To maintain homeostasis, protozoans expel excess water using a(n) ___________.
contractile vacuole
A lichen consists of a fungus and a club moss living in a symbiotic relationship
false
All bacteria are heterotrophic.
false
The most visible and recognizable part of a fungus is its reproductive structure called a(n) __________.
fruiting body
Archaea that live in the intestines of animals and that produce gas are known as __________.
methanogens
Fungi that can produce both sexually and asexually are called __________ fungi.
perfect
Algae, diatoms, and other chromists that drift in currents are collectively referred to as __________, an important part of aquatic food webs.
phytoplankton
6. Some protozoans form reproductive __________ protected by a thick cell wall.
spores
P. falciparum, the protozoan that causes malaria, is an example of a parasitic type of protozoan known as a(n) __________.
sporozoan
A bacteriophage can introduce new genetic material into a bacterium through __________.
transduction
A bacterium's DNA is located in its nucleoid.
true
Because they are generally autotrophs, most chromists lack the specialized structures found in protozoans.
true
In transduction, genetic material is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus.
true
Many fungi live in symbiotic relationships with other organisms.
true
Protozoans can move by means of cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia.
true
Viral diseases can be prevented by developing an effective __________ that boosts the immune system's response to the viral agent.
vaccinew
Explosive growth in the population of a colony of chromists that depletes oxygen in the water or releases harmful chemicals is called a(n) __________.
bloom
A bacterium is protected by a slimy outer coating called a(n) __________.
capsule
Imperfect fungi can reproduce only sexually
false
Interferon works by directly attaching to and destroying viral particles.
false
Kingdom Chromista includes all the photosynthetic protists except algae.
false
Mad cow disease is one disease caused by a virus.
false
Protozoans lack the specialized structures needed to respond to changes in their environment.
false
Protozoans such as paramecia use contractile vacuoles to expel waste products into their environment.
false
The most common form of reproduction for viruses is binary fission.
false
The protozoan shown here will move using its cilia.
false
Unlike protozoans, chromists can reproduce only asexually.
false
You discover a unicellular organism in a pool in an abandoned salt mine. The organism has cell walls, but the walls do not contain peptidoglycan. The new organism is likely a species of bacteria.
false
Many bacteria can move through the use of a(n) ___________.
flagellum
Generally speaking, protozoans are autotrophs, while chromists are heterotrophs.
false
Gram staining is used to determine whether a bacteria causes disease
false
The familiar mushroom or toadstool is a club fungus belonging to the phylum __________.
Basidomycota
Fungal cell walls are made of __________.
chitin
Many protozoans can propel themselves by means of hairlike __________ or whip-like __________.
cilia, flagella
Sexual reproduction in sporozoans happens during __________, in which genetic information is exchanged through a plasma bridge
conjugation
Many protozoans can survive harsh environmental conditions by slowing their metabolism and forming a protective __________.
cyst
A virus may reproduce through either the lytic cycle or the lysogenic cycle, but not both.
false
As in plants, the cell walls of fungi are made of cellulose
false
Asexual reproduction in fungi is limited to budding, as in yeasts.
false
Because protists are relatively simple organisms, their classification has remained largely unchanged since their discovery.
false
Chromists play a relatively small role in marine ecosystems.
false
Cold sores are an example of a disease caused by a bacteria.
false
During conjugation, two bacteria exchange plasmids with each other through a pilus.
false
A symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an alga, in which the fungus provides support and protection for the alga while the alga provides sugars for the fungus, is called a(n) __________.
lichen
If a person suffering from herpes shows no symptoms of the disease, then the herpes virus is in the __________ phase of the infection.
lysogenic
A virus that produces many copies of itself within an infected host cell and then bursts the cell, releasing the copies to infect new host cells, is in the __________ phase of an infection.
lytic
The bacteria that live in the guts of an organism are collectively known as the organism's __________.
microbiota
A bacteria that can cause disease, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, but that is otherwise a normal part of an organism's microbiota is called a(n) __________.
opportunistic pathogens
Substances that cause disease, including bacteria and viruses, are called __________.
pathogens
Archaea can be distinguished from bacteria by the absence of __________ in their cell walls.
peptidoglycan
Many chromists are autotrophs that produce their food through __________.
photosynthesis
Prions are made only of abnormal __________.
proteins
Protozoans and chromists were once classified together as the kingdom __________.
protista
Microorganisms made of eukaryotic cells are collectively known as __________.
protists
Amoeboid movement is carried out with the use of cytoplasm-filled ___________.
pseudopods
HIV/AIDS, a virus that can transcribe its own RNA into a host cell's DNA, is an example of a(n) __________.
retrovirus
A virus in its lysogenic phase may lie dormant for years before reentering the lytic cycle.
true
Bacteria in the human gut serve a variety of functions, including the synthesis of certain vitamins.
true
Bacteria serve a major role as decomposers.
true
Emerging infectious diseases (such as Ebola) often appear suddenly, kill large numbers of victims, then disappear again only to reappear years later.
true
Fungi in the phylum Ascomycota produce spores in tiny sacs.
true
HIV/AIDS is a retrovirus that can force its host cell to transcribe the viral RNA into the host cell's DNA.
true
Many protozoans such as paramecia can reproduce asexually through binary fission.
true
Most protozoans are motile, that is, they are capable of movement.
true
Mushrooms and other fungi are colonies made of interwoven hyphae.
true
Pneumonia and food poisoning are both caused by bacteria that are a normal part of the human microbiota.
true
Protozoans and chromists were formerly classified in a single kingdom—Protista—that is not part of modern taxonomy.
true
Some bacteria are opportunistic pathogens, causing disease only under certain conditions, but are otherwise a normal part of an organism's microbiota.
true
The fruiting body of a fungus, such as a mushroom, is a reproductive structure.
true
The lytic cycle of viral reproduction causes rapid infection and destruction of host cells.
true
The most common form of bacterial reproduction is binary fission.
true
Though prokaryotic, archaea share many characteristics with eukaryotes
true
Though protozoans are an important part of aquatic food chains, many are pathogenic in humans
true
Viroids and prions are infectious particles smaller and simpler than viruses.
true
Viruses are sometimes used as pest control agents.
true
An infectious particle consisting of a circular strand of RNA but lacking a capsid or envelope is a(n) __________.
viroid